46 research outputs found

    Describing Facial Expressions : much more than meets the eye

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    The article looks at one particular element that so far only got superficial attention in the guidelines: emotions and their representation on screen in the facial expressions, and the different ways in which they can be described. Facial expressions in film and other visual media constitute a very complex problem, as will be explained in the first part. Given the implicit nature of visual communication, it will not always be possible for the audio describer to determine emotions unambiguously. As the facial expressions are often shown in (short) close-ups, time to describe them is very limited and concise description is a must. In the second part of the article we look at how this can be achieved, and we briefly look into a longstanding bone of contention in the field: the level of interpretation needed and allowed in this type of description. In order to see what specific problems beginning describers experience with this regard and with a view to improving (academic) training in this field, we also conducted a small-scale experiment at UAB. In the conclusions we suggest some further avenues of research and briefly look at what all this could mean for training in audio description.El art铆culo analiza las emociones y su representaci贸n como expresiones faciales, y las diferentes formas en que pueden ser audiodescritas. Las expresiones faciales en el cine y otros medios visuales constituyen un problema muy complejo, como se explica en la primera parte del art铆culo. Dado el car谩cter impl铆cito de la comunicaci贸n visual, puede que no siempre sea posible para el audiodescriptor determinar sin ambig眉edades las emociones que se deben describir. Las expresiones faciales que se observan a menudo en los primeros planos tambi茅n son dif铆ciles de describir y en ocasiones el espacio es muy limitado y debe proporcionarse una breve descripci贸n. En la segunda parte del art铆culo veremos c贸mo se puede lograr, y analizar el nivel de interpretaci贸n necesario y permitido en la audiodescripci贸n. A partir de un experimento de descripci贸n, se estudiaron las estrategias utilizadas m谩s frecuentemente. El art铆culo concluye sugiriendo nuevos temas de investigaci贸n y su aplicaci贸n a la formaci贸n en la audiodescripci贸n

    Audio describing the exposition phase of films. Teaching students what to choose

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    La audiodescripci贸n se est谩 introduciendo progresivamente en los productos audiovisuales y esto tiene como resultado por una parte la necesidad de formar a los futuros audiodescriptores y, por otra parte, formar a los formadores con unas herramientas adecuadas para ense帽ar c贸mo audiodescribir. No cabe la menor que como documento de partida para la formaci贸n las gu铆as y normas de audiodescripci贸n existentes son de una gran utilidad, sin embargo, 茅stas no son perfectas ya que no ofrecen respuestas a algunas cuestiones esenciales como qu茅 es lo que se debe describir cuando no se cuenta con el tiempo suficiente para describir todo lo que sucede. El presente art铆culo analiza una de las cuestiones que normalmente no responden las gu铆as o normas: qu茅 se debe priorizar. Se demostrar谩 c贸mo una profundizaci贸n en la narrativa de pel铆culas y una mejor percepci贸n de las pistas visuales que ofrece el director puede ayudar a decidir la informaci贸n que se recoge. Los fundamentos te贸ricos expuestos en la primera parte del art铆culo se aplicar谩n a la secuencia expositiva de la pel铆cula Ransom

    When East Meets West : a comparison of audio description guidelines in China and Europe

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    Altres ajuts: PGC2018-096566-B-I00Despite China being the country with most disabled people in the world, the provision of media accessibility services and their academic study are still in their infancy. The present study set out with two objectives: to present a sample of three Chinese audio description guidelines that are mainly employed for training purposes, and to compare the Chinese situation in terms of guidelines with that of Europe, to see if there are any relevant differences to point out and any mutual lessons to be learnt. Our results show there are a number of general similarities between the different Chinese and European guidelines and that the main difference is the different approach to objective vs. subjective description. While Europe is moving away from the dichotomy between objectivity and subjectivity, China still advocates objectivity as being a necessary characteristic of quality audio descriptio

    When East Meets West: A Comparison of Audio Description Guidelines in China and Europe

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    Aunque China es el pa铆s con m谩s personas con diversidad funcional del mundo, tanto la oferta como el estudio acad茅mico de los servicios de accesibilidad sensorial que permiten acceder a los medios en igualdad de condiciones se encuentran todav铆a en un estado muy incipiente. El presente estudio parte de dos objetivos: presentar una muestra in茅dita de tres gu铆as de buenas pr谩cticas de audiodescripci贸n chinas cuya funci贸n es, sobre todo, formar a audiodescriptores; y compararlas grosso modo con documentos equivalentes europeos para ver si existen diferencias o similitudes relevantes y lecciones de las que ambas partes se puedan nutrir. Nuestros resultados muestran que existen muchos puntos en com煤n y que la principal diferencia es c贸mo se aborda la cuesti贸n de la objetividad. M谩s concretamente, Europa se aleja de la dicotom铆a entre la objetividad y la subjetividad, mientras que China todav铆a defiende que la primera es caracter铆stica indispensable de cualquier buena audiodescripci贸n.Despite China being the country with most disabled people in the world, the provision of media accessibility services and their academic study are still in their infancy. The present study set out with two objectives: to present a sample of three Chinese audio description guidelines that are mainly employed for training purposes, and to compare the Chinese situation in terms of guidelines with that of Europe, to see if there are any relevant differences to point out and any mutual lessons to be learnt. Our results show there are a number of general similarities between the different Chinese and European guidelines and that the main difference is the different approach to objective vs. subjective description. While Europe is moving away from the dichotomy between objectivity and subjectivity, China still advocates objectivity as being a necessary characteristic of quality audio description

    Evaluating the effectiveness of machine translation of audio description : the results of two pilot studies in the English-Dutch language pair

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    The field of translation is undergoing various profound changes. On the one hand it is being thoroughly reshaped by the advent and constant improvement of new technologies. On the other hand, new forms of translation are starting to see the light of day in the wake of social and legal developments that require that products and content that are created, are accessible for everybody. One of these new forms of translation, is audio description (AD), a service that is aimed at making audiovisual content accessible to people with sight loss. New legislation requires that this content is accessible by 2025, which constitutes a tremendous task given the limited number of people that are at present trained as audio describers. A possible solution would be to use machine translation to translate existing audio descriptions into different languages. Since AD is characterized by short sentences and simple, concrete language, it could be a good candidate for machine translation. In the present study, we want to test this hypothesis for the English-Dutch language pair. Three 30 minute AD excerpts of different Dutch movies that were originally audio described in English, were translated into Dutch using DeepL. The translations were analysed using the harmonized DQF-MQM error typology and taking into account the specific multimodal nature of the source text and the intersemiotic dimension of the original audio description process. The analysis showed that the MT output had a relatively high error rate, particularly in the categories of Accuracy - mistranslation and Fluency - grammar. This seems to indicate that extensive post-editing will be needed, before the text can be used in a professional context.El camp de la traducci贸 est脿 experimentant canvis profunds. D'una banda, est脿 patint una aut猫ntica transformaci贸 gr脿cies a l'arribada i la millora constant de les noves tecnologies. De l'altra, noves formes de traducci贸 comencen a veure la llum arran de l'evoluci贸 social i legal que exigeix que els productes i continguts que es creen siguin accessibles per a tothom. Una d'aquestes noves formes de traducci贸 茅s l'audiodescripci贸 (AD), un servei que t茅 com a objectiu fer accessibles els continguts audiovisuals a les persones amb p猫rdua de visi贸. La nova legislaci贸 exigeix que aquests continguts siguin accessibles abans del 2025, la qual cosa constitueix una tasca immensa at猫s el nombre limitat de persones que actualment tenen formaci贸 com a audiodescriptors. Una possible soluci贸 seria utilitzar la traducci贸 autom脿tica per traduir les audiodescripcions ja existents a diferents idiomes. L'AD, caracteritzada per frases curtes i un llenguatge senzill i concret, podria ser una bona candidata per a la traducci贸 autom脿tica. En aquest estudi pretenem demostrar la hip貌tesi per a la combinaci贸 ling眉铆stica angl猫s-holand猫s. Concretament, fragments de 30 minuts d'AD de tres pel路l铆cules holandeses que es van audiodescriure originalment en angl猫s, han estat tradu茂ts a l'holand猫s per mitj脿 de l'eina DeepL. Les traduccions s'han analitzat utilitzant la tipologia d'error harmonitzada DQF-MQM i tenint en compte la naturalesa multimodal espec铆fica del text font i la dimensi贸 intersemi貌tica del proc茅s d'audiodescripci贸 original. L'an脿lisi ha mostrat que la producci贸 de TA t茅 una taxa d'error relativament alta, especialment en les categories de precisi贸 -errors de traducci贸- i flu茂desa gramatical. Aix貌 sembla indicar que caldr脿 una extensa postedici贸, abans que el text es pugui utilitzar en un context professional.El campo de la traducci贸n est谩 experimentando diversos cambios profundos. Por un lado, la llegada de nuevas tecnolog铆as en constante desarrollo la est谩 reconfigurando completamente. Por otro, est谩n empezando a surgir nuevas formas de traducci贸n como resultado de avances sociales y legales que establecen que los productos y contenidos que se crean han de ser accesibles para todo el mundo. Una de estas nuevas formas de traducci贸n es la audiodescripci贸n (AD), un servicio orientado a hacer accesible para las personas con p茅rdida de visi贸n los contenidos audiovisuales. La nueva legislaci贸n establece que estos deber谩n ser accesibles para 2025, lo que representa una tarea desmesurada, dado el limitado n煤mero de personas actualmente cualificadas en AD. Una posible soluci贸n pasar铆a por utilizar la traducci贸n autom谩tica para traducir las audiodescripciones existentes a diferentes idiomas. Teniendo en cuenta que la AD se caracteriza por el uso de frases cortas y un lenguaje sencillo y concreto, ser铆a una buena candidata para la traducci贸n autom谩tica. El presente estudio ha puesto a prueba esta hip贸tesis con la combinaci贸n ling眉铆stica ingl茅s-holand茅s. Para ello, se utiliz贸 DeepL para traducir al holand茅s tres fragmentos de 30 minutos de AD extraidos de varias pel铆culas holandesas que hab铆an sido audiodescritas en ingl茅s. Para analizar las traducciones se utiliz贸 la tipolog铆a de error DQF-MQM armonizada y se tuvo en cuenta la naturaleza multimodal espec铆fica del texto de origen y la dimensi贸n intersemi贸tica del proceso original de audiodescripci贸n. El an谩lisis mostr贸 que el resultado de la TA presentaba una tasa de error relativamente elevada, especialmente en las categor铆as de Exactitud/Error de traducci贸n y Fluidez/Gram谩tica. Esto parece indicar que, antes de que el texto pueda ser utilizado en un contexto profesional, ser谩 necesario un proceso de posedici贸n exhaustive

    Panel 4. Sex, sounds and languages

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    The audio description of sex in 'The Affair' / Blanca Arias (Universitat Aut貌noma de Barcelona) ; The psychophysiological impact of sex scenes with audio description / Marina Ramos (University of Murcia), Ana Rojo (University of Murcia), Laura Esp铆n (University of Murcia) ; Hear, hear! The results of a case study analysing the reference to sound in AD / Gert Vercauteren (University of Antwerp) ; The audio description of multilingual series in video on demand platforms: AD practices in 'Orange is the New Black' / Eva Espasa (University of Vic), Montse Corrius (University of Vic). Chair: Estel路la Oncins (Universitat Aut貌noma de Barcelona

    Session 11. Audio description

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    Beyond accessibility for disability: senior citizens go to the movies / Anna Jankowska (University of Antwerp), Sonia Szkriba (University of Warsaw), Agnieszka Szarkowska (University of Warsaw) ; Audio description as a pedagogical tool in the L1 classroom / Floriane Bardini (Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya), Eva Espasa Borr脿s (Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya) ; Learning AD in a tertiary interpreting program: a learner perspective / Kangte Luo (City University of Hong Kong), Jackie Xiu Yan (City University of Hong Kong) ; A multisensory approach to audio description / Ismini Karantzi (Ionian University) ; Experiments with integrated audio description in film practice / Jane Devoy (University of Oxford). Chair: Gert Vercauteren (University of Antwerp

    Audio-description reloaded : an analysis of visual scenes in 2012 and Hero

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    This article explores whether the so-called new "cinema of attractions", with its supposed focus on visual effects to the detriment of storytelling, requires a specific approach to audio-description (AD). After some thoughts on film narrative in this type of cinema and the way in which it incorporates special effects, selected scenes with AD from two feature films, 2012 (directed by Emmerich) and Hero (directed by Zhang Yimou), are analysed. 2012 is a disaster movie aiming to thrill the audience with action. Hero is an equally visual movie but its imagery has an aesthetic purpose. The analysis investigates how space, time and action are treated in the films and the ADs, and how the information is presented in terms of focalization, timing and phrasing. The results suggest that effect-driven narratives require carefully timed and phrased ADs that devote much attention to the prosody of the AD script, its interaction with sounds and the use of metapho

    A narratological approach to content selection in audio description: towards a strategy for the description of narratological time

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    As more and more countries start to provide audio description services for a growing range of products and events, research into this new discipline is growing and diversifying as well. Two questions that seem to be at the heart of much of this research focus on what should be described and how this should be done, in other words on content selection and formulation of the description. The present article looks at the first of these two questions and approaches it from a narratological point of view. After a general discussion of the use of narratology for audio description, the focus will shift to one particular constituent of narrative, namely time. The different temporal aspects will be discussed in greater detail, after which a strategy for the audio description of time in film will be proposed.De plus en plus de pays commencent 脿 offrir des services d鈥檃udio description pour un nombre croissant de produits et 茅v猫nements. La recherche dans cette nouvelle discipline a de ce fait tendance 脿 se d茅velopper et 脿 se diversifier. Deux questions paraissent 锚tre au coeur de nombreuses recherches : que faut-il d茅crire et comment faut-il le faire ? Ou, en d鈥檃utres termes, quel contenu choisir et comment formuler la description ? Cet article se penche sur la premi猫re question et adopte une approche 脿 partir narratologie 脿 des fins d鈥檃udio description, l鈥檃ccent sera mis sur un composant particulier de la narration: le temps. Les diff茅rents aspects temporels seront examin茅s plus en d茅tails et une strat茅gie d鈥檃udio description du temps pour le cin茅ma sera propos茅e

    Module 1. Unit 6. The target audience of audio description

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    Unit 6 discusses the primary and secondary audiences of AD
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