Predisposing causes for pregnancy among adolescents

Objective: This study aimed to describe the predisposing causes for pregnancy among adolescents and their knowledge on the prevention methods. Method: This is an exploratory, descriptive, and quantitative research carried out at basic health units in the town of Sao Caetano, Pernambuco, Brazil, in September and October 2011. For data collection, one used a semi-structured questionnaire applied to 42 adolescents enrolled for prenatal care. Results: The findings show that most adolescents was around 16 years of age, brown skinned, literate, and Catholic, lived with her partner, and had a low socioeconomic status. One's own wish (54,8%) stood out as the main cause for pregnancy in the population under study. Conclusion: One found out there's a need for investing on strategies for providing these female adolescents with guidance, so that contraceptive practices and the responsible exercise of sexuality start being realized as positive and usual behaviors

Profile of notified cases of work-related mental disorders in nurses in Brazil / Perfil dos casos notificados de transtornos mentais relacionados ao trabalho em enfermeiros no Brasil: an ecological study

Objetivo: analisar os casos de transtornos mentais relacionados ao trabalho em enfermeiros no Brasil, nos anos de 2018 a 2022. Método: estudo ecológico, retrospectivo, realizado por meio da coleta de dados sobre os casos de enfermeiros notificados com Transtorno mental relacionado ao trabalho no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: Foram notificados 270 casos em enfermeiros nos cinco anos avaliados. Destes, 91,1% (n=246) foram no sexo feminino, 59,6% (n=161) na faixa etária de 30-49 anos, 40% (n=108) com anos de tempo de trabalho. O diagnóstico mais notificado foi o de transtornos neuróticos, relacionados com “stress” e transtornos somatoformes (46,3%; n=125). 48,15% (n=130) evoluíram para incapacidade temporária. Houve associação significativa entre os transtornos mentais relacionados ao trabalho e o uso de álcool, substâncias psicoativas e psicofármacos. Conclusão: Verificou-se um aumento no número das notificações dos Transtornos Mentais Relacionados ao Trabalho entre os anos analisados.

Relações familiares e o uso de substâncias psicoativas por estudantes

Objetivo: investigar a associação entre relações familiares e o uso de substâncias psicoativas por estudantes do ensino fundamental. Metodologia: estudo transversal, com 271 estudantes de escolas públicas municipais. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizou-se o questionário Teen Addiction Severity Index, que contém informações sobre dados sociodemográficos, uso de substâncias psicoativas, situação de moradia, familiares com quem reside, incômodos familiares, conflitos familiares, agressão em família, confiança nos pais, atividades em família, sendo os dados analisados por meio dos testes de Quiquadrado, Qui-quadrado de Pearson bilateral, e estimativa de razão de chances comum de Mantel-Haenszel. Resultados: houve associação entre o uso de substâncias psicoativas por estudantes e a situação de moradia, satisfação relacionada à situação de moradia, agressão por familiares, e incômodos familiares. Conclusão: houve associação entre relações familiares e uso de substâncias psicoativas por estudantes do ensino fundamental, devendo-se levar em consideração tais relações no desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção e cuidado no que tange ao uso de substâncias psicoativas por esse grupo.Objective: to investigate the association between family relations and psychoactive substance use among Elementary School students. Methodology: a cross-sectional study conducted with 271 students from municipal public schools. For data collection, the Teen Addiction Severity Index questionnaire was used, which contains diverse information on sociodemographic data, psychoactive substance use, housing situation, family members with whom they live, family disturbances, family conflicts, aggression in the family, trust in the parents and family activities, which were analyzed using the Chi-Square test, Pearson’s Chi-Square bilateral test, and Mantel-Haenszel Odds Ratio estimate. Results: there was an association between psychoactive substance use by students and the “housing situation”, “satisfaction related to the housing situation”, “aggression by family members” and “family disturbances” variables. Conclusion: there was an association between family relations and psychoactive substance use among Elementary School students and such relationships should be taken into account in the development of prevention and care actions for psychoactive substance use by this group.Objetivo: investigar la asociación entre las relaciones familiares y el uso de sustancias psicoactivaspor parte de estudiantes de primaria. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado con 271alumnos de escuelas públicas municipales. Se utilizó el cuestionario Teen Addiction SeverityIndex para recopilar datos sociodemograficos, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, situaciónde vivienda, familiares con los que convive, disturbios familiares, conflictos familiares, agresiónfamiliar, confianza en los padres y actividades familiares, que se analizaron mediante las pruebasChi-cuadrado, Chi-cuadrado de Pearson bilateral y estimación de la razón de probabilidades deMantel-Haenszel. Resultados: hubo una asociación entre consumo de sustancias psicoactivaspor parte de los estudiantes y situación de vivienda, satisfacción con la situación de vivienda,agresión por familiares y disturbios familiares. Conclusión: se descubrió que existe unaasociación entre las relaciones familiares y sociales y el uso de sustancias psicoactivas por partede los estudiantes de primaria y que tales relaciones deben ser consideradas en el desarrollo deacciones de prevención y atención referentes al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por partede este grupo

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Factors associated with shark attacks and deaths: A cross-sectional study

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores associados aos óbitos e ataques de tubarão no Brasil. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado mediante acesso virtual ao website do Global Shark Attack File. A análise foi realizada no programa R, a partir de estatística descritiva e dos testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Teste Exato de Fisher. Resultados: ocorreram 86 ataques, dos quais 26 (30,2%) resultaram em óbito. Foi encontrada associação entre a ocorrência de ataque com o ano, estado, região, dia da semana, turno e espécie do tubarão, além da faixa etária, sexo da vítima e local do corpo acometido. Nenhuma variável apresentou associação com o óbito. O estado de Pernambuco computou o maior número de ataques (83,7%) e óbitos (96,2%). Conclusão: os ataques de tubarão estiveram associados com nove variáveis: três de caracterização da vítima e seis do perfil do acidente. Os óbitos não apresentaram associação significativa. Pernambuco sobressaiu-se como estado com maior ocorrência de ataque e óbitos.SimObjetivo: Evaluar los factores asociados con las muertes y los ataques de tiburones en Brasil. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado a través del acceso virtual al sitio web Global Shark Attack File. El análisis se realizó mediante el programa R, utilizando estadística descriptiva y chi-cuadrado de Pearson y prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: Hubo 86 ataques, de los cuales 26 (30,2%) resultaron en muerte. Se encontró que hay asociación entre el ataque y el año, estado, región, día de la semana, turno y especie de tiburón, además del rango etario, sexo de la víctima y parte del cuerpo afectada. Ninguna variable se asoció con la muerte. El estado de Pernambuco tuvo el mayor número de ataques (83,7%) y muertes (96,2%). Conclusión: Los ataques de tiburones se asociaron con nueve variables: tres de la caracterización de la víctima y seis del perfil del accidente. Las muertes no mostraron una asociación significativa. Pernambuco se destacó como el estado con mayor número de ataques y muertes.Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with shark attacks and deaths in Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study, carried out through virtual access to the Global Shark Attack File website. The analysis was performed in the R program, using descriptive statistics and the Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: There were 86 attacks, of which 26 (30.2%) resulted in deaths. An association was found between occurrence of the attacks and year, state, region, day of the week, shift and shark species, in addition to the victim's age group and gender and to the part of the body affected. No variable was associated with death as outcome. The state of Pernambuco accounted for the largest number of attacks (83.7%) and deaths (96.2%). Conclusion: Shark attacks were associated with nine variables: three related to the victim's characterization and six to the profile of the accident. The deaths did not present a significant association. Pernambuco stood out as the state with the highest occurrence of attacks and deaths

Suicide attempts by exogenous intoxication among female adolescents treated at a reference hospital in the city of Recife-PE, Brazil

This study aimed to assess cases of self-inflicted poisoning among adolescents reported by the Toxicological Care Center of a reference hospital in Recife-PE, Brazil. The data were collected between March and May 2010 from hospital charts and structured interviews with the participants and parents/guardians. Among the 25 cases of attempted suicide registered in the period, 21 were female adolescents, who made up the sample of the present study. The adolescents were between 13 and 19 years of age. Pesticides were the most frequent toxic agent used (61.9%). The results of the present study underscore the importance of studying suicide in this population, with a focus on family relations, in order to lay the foundation for the development of prevention and treatment programs for this vulnerable group