LIMBIC ENCEPHALITIS –A VERY RARE A COMPLICATION OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroducere. Virusul Epstein-Barr (EBV) este un virus ADN, membru al familiei herpes virusurilor umane. Implicarea sistemului nervos central (SNC) de către EBV este rară. Manifestările neurologice ale infecției primare cu EBV apar la 1%-5% dintre pacienți și includ encefalita. Scop. Prezentarea complicației rare a EBV, și diagnosticul diferențial al acesteia. Metode. Am prezentat cazul bărbatului de 70-ani, la prezentare confuz, cu tulburări de vorbire, redoarea cefei, febra 38,0°C, ulterior dezvoltă crize epileptice cu debut focal motor–mioclonice, în hemifacies drept, fără alterarea conștienții. fiind diagnosticat cu encefalită virală-EBV. A fost analizată literatura științifică, folosind cuvintele cheie: „encefalită EBV”, „EEG” și „RMN” în baza de date PubMed. Rezultate. Pacientul a fost investigat prin: video-EEG, care a arătat descărcări epileptiforme periodice lateralizate Fronto-Temporo-Parietale stânga. Examenul LCR a prezentat pleiocitoză limfocitară. RMN cerebrală- arie patologică masivă, hipointensă la nivelul lobului temporal pe stânga cu extindere în hipocamp și regiunea insulei. PCR la ADN-ul EBV-pozitiv din LCR.19% dintre pacienții adulți cu encefalită EBV dezvoltă crize epileptice și 81% dintre pacienți-proteină normală în LCR. 57% dintre cazuri au avut dovezi de activitate de fond lentă la EEG. Modificări RMN au fost raportate în 71% din cazuri. Encefalita limbică este o complicație foarte rară a infecției cu EBV, dar ar trebui să fie în lista diagnosticului diferențial. Concluzie. Encefalita virală cauzată de EBV poate imita encefalita cauzată de virusul herpes simplex având în vedere asemănările în manifestări clinice, EEG și RMN.Introduction. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA-virus, member of the human herpesvirus family. Involvement of the Central nervous system (CNS) by EBV is rare. Neurological manifestations of primary EBV infection occur in 1%–5% of patients and include encephalitis. Objective. To present a rare complication of EBV, and its common differential diagnosis. Material and methods. A 70-year-old man was admitted with confusion, speech disorders, neck rigidity, and a fever of 38.0°C, who later develops focal, aware, right-sided hemifacial myoclonic seizures, after he was being diagnosed with viral encephalitis-EBV. We analyzed scientific literature, using the keywords: „EBV encephalitis”, „EEG „, and „ MRI” from the PubMed database search. Results. Our patient was investigated by: video-EEG, which showed lateralized, left Fronto-Temporo-Parietal periodic epileptiform discharges. CSF examination showed lymphocytic pleocytosis. Cerebral MRI showed a massive pathological, hypointense lesion at the level of the left temporal lobe with extension in the hippocampus and insula. PCR to EBV-DNA were positive in CSF.19 % of adult patients with EBV encephalitis had seizures and 81 % of patients had normal CSF protein. 57% of the cases had evidence of slow background activity on EEG. The MRI abnormalities were reported in 71% of the cases. Limbic encephalitis is a very rare complication of EBV infection but it should be in the list of differential diagnosis. Conclusion. The EBV encephalitis mimics herpes simplex encephalitis considering the similarities in the clinical, EEG and MRI features

The potential to encode sex, age, and individual identity in the alarm calls of three species of Marmotinae

In addition to encoding referential information and information about the sender’s motivation, mammalian alarm calls may encode information about other attributes of the sender, providing the potential for recognition among kin, mates, and neighbors. Here, we examined 96 speckled ground squirrels (Spermophilus suslicus), 100 yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus) and 85 yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) to determine whether their alarm calls differed between species in their ability to encode information about the caller’s sex, age, and identity. Alarm calls were elicited by approaching individually identified animals in live-traps. We assume this experimental design modeled a naturally occurring predatory event, when receivers should acquire information about attributes of a caller from a single bout of alarm calls. In each species, variation that allows identification of the caller’s identity was greater than variation allowing identification of age or sex. We discuss these results in relation to each species’ biology and sociality

Between-year vocal aging in female red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Objectives: Studying animal vocal aging has potential implication in the feld of animal welfare and for modeling human voice aging. The objective was to examine, using a repeated measures approach, the between-year changes of weight, social discomfort score (bites of other hinds on hind pelt), body condition score (fat reserves) and acoustic variables of the nasal (closed-mouth) and the oral (open-mouth) contact calls produced by farmed red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus) toward their young. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that with an increase of hind age for 1 year, the acoustic variables of their nasal contact calls (the beginning and maximum fundamental frequencies, the depth of frequency modula‑ tion and the peak frequency) decreased, whereas in their oral contact calls only the end fundamental frequency decreased. Duration and power quartiles did not change in any call type. Body weight and body condition score increased between years, whereas discomfort score decreased. Results of this study revealed directly the short-term efects of aging on the acoustics of the nasal contact calls in the same hinds. This study also confrmed that elevated emotional arousal during emission of the oral contact masks the efects of aging on vocalization in female red dee

Between-year vocal aging in female red deer (Cervus elaphus)

[Objectives]: Studying animal vocal aging has potential implication in the field of animal welfare and for modeling human voice aging. The objective was to examine, using a repeated measures approach, the between-year changes of weight, social discomfort score (bites of other hinds on hind pelt), body condition score (fat reserves) and acoustic variables of the nasal (closed-mouth) and the oral (open-mouth) contact calls produced by farmed red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus) toward their young. [Results]: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that with an increase of hind age for 1 year, the acoustic variables of their nasal contact calls (the beginning and maximum fundamental frequencies, the depth of frequency modulation and the peak frequency) decreased, whereas in their oral contact calls only the end fundamental frequency decreased. Duration and power quartiles did not change in any call type. Body weight and body condition score increased between years, whereas discomfort score decreased. Results of this study revealed directly the short-term effects of aging on the acoustics of the nasal contact calls in the same hinds. This study also confirmed that elevated emotional arousal during emission of the oral contact masks the effects of aging on vocalization in female red deer.This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Grant No 14-14-00237 (to IV, OS and EV) for collection of acoustic data and acoustic analysis, and by Spanish Ministry of Economy (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad) within the Estate program of Research, Innovation and Development oriented towards Challenges of Society, co-funded by the European Union (Reference Number RTC-2016-5327-2) (to TL, JPB, AG and LG) for collection of body weight, condition and discomfort data.Peer Reviewe