Handheld mobile mapping applied to historical urban areas

Mapping historical urban areas is an assignment that can be tackled by using different systems and devices. In the last decade many surveying systems have emerged in this this ever-evolving market. So, despite having a wide spectrum ofoptions to choose, the decision-making is not an easy task. It depends on the budget, the training, the experience, the available delivery term, the specific features of the streets and buildings, etc. In this article a complete high-speed recording procedure, by using a handheld mobile mapping instrument to record a typical old town street, is going to be described. The aim is to enlighten the decision-making when choosing the appropriate methodology. The characteristics of this kind of streets, such as an extreme narrowness and accessibility difficulties make this type of areas more difficult to surveying. Additionally, a comparison between this procedure and stop-and-go systems will be carried out. The research shows that the graphical documentation obtained fulfils perfectly the initial requirements and the fieldwork has turned out much less time-consuming by using mobile mapping devices than standard stop-and-go laser scanning systems and photogrammetry procedure

Análisis de los indicadores energéticos para mejorar la eficiencia energética en el molino Industria Peruana Santa Lucia ―S.A.C

La actual gestión de indagación se desarrolló en el sistema eléctrico de la compañía molinera Industria Peruana Santa Lucia S.A.C - Tarapoto, en el que se ha tenido que estimar la conducta del derroche eléctrico según sus instalaciones de planta de proceso; estas instalaciones eléctricas no están dentro de los estándares de calidad en cuanto a su dimensionamiento y a las normas existentes, siendo las principales cargas los motores eléctricos que accionan a los diferentes mecanismos, el sistema de control de los equipos, el sistema de iluminación tanto interior como exterior, entre otros. El ritmo de operación de la planta industrial es variable y esto permitió apreciar oportunidades de crecimiento, en el cual para reducir los consumos de energía, como objetivo esencial de la actual tesis es lograr un análisis de los indicadores energéticos para mejorar la eficiencia energética , esto consiste en optimizar el factor de potencia, obteniendo reducir las pérdidas que producen los motores, conductores, y además la disminución de los costos facturados por consumo de energía reactiva que se registran en los recibos emitidos por la compañía distribuidora electro oriente. Por lo tanto, se realizó el análisis de la mejor forma de compra de energía, realizando las simulaciones de los pliegos tarifarios existentes, teniendo en cuenta que actualmente los costos por energía reactiva representan un costo adicional que influye en los costos de producción de la empresa. Para plasmar con este objetivo es fundamental estimar, la del banco de condensadores con la conclusión de compensar variando el factor de potencia, el cual se logra en base a parámetros como son la máxima demanda en kW y kVAR, tomando como valor el cos 0 inicial o factor de potencia (0,74) para prontamente conseguir un final de (0,98), esto quiere indicar que su manera de trabajo es compensar de acuerdo a la entrada de la carga o inversamente. Por otro lado, se realizó la evaluación económica con los indicadores el VAN y TIR. Finalmente, se realizó el análisis económico para verificar la viabilidad del proyecto, y el tiempo de recuperación de la inversión planteada

Optimización de las redes de distribución del Servicio Postal Universal

La necesidad cotidiana de los ciudadanos de comunicarse, con el fin de realizar diferentes actividades de cualquier naturaleza, se ha visto afectada en gran medida por los cambios recientemente producidos. Las ventajas generadas por la inclusión de las nuevas tecnologías como modo de comunicación, y la proliferación de su uso entre la ciudadanía, son innumerables y se extienden tanto en el ámbito personal como en el privado. En la actualidad los servicios postales están sufriendo una transformación sin precedentes debido al cambio de las cartas en papel por los correos electrónicos, ya que éstos presentan mayor rapidez que los tradicionales al ser el tiempo de entrega inmediato. También se está produciendo un cambio en el tipo de envío, debido a que en la red postal se incrementa progresivamente el uso de la paqueteria, provocado por la implantación de los comercios electrónicos, donde desde casa se puede comprar de todo. En definitiva, todos y cada uno de estos servicios tienen la misma finalidad, comunicarnos. Y para permitir una comunicación permanente en todo el territorio, con unos criterios de calidad y a precios asequibles para los usuarios, nace el Servicio Postal Universal. El Servicio Postal Universal pretende que todos los usuarios de los servicios postales puedan acceder a la red postal. Este acceso debe realizarse sin discriminación alguna, en especial geográfica, al existir en España muchas zonas rurales. Estas zonas rurales no atraen a los operadores postales, por su bajo beneficio, obligando a la designación por parte del Estado de un operador que garantice este servicio en todo el territorio español, en régimen de servicio público. Este Servicio requiere por parte del operador de una planificación logística de sus rutas de transporte y entrega. Las rutas de transporte entre sus diversos centros han sido objeto de estudio detallado por parte del propio operador designado, a diferencia de las rutas de entrega, donde cada repartidor la hace en función de su experiencia o preferencias, sin seguir un criterio unificado. Este último paso representa el mayor coste en el servicio postal, entre el 40% y el 50% del total, debido fundamentalmente a la cantidad de medios personales y motorizados que se requieren. En este trabajo se presenta un modelo matemático, basado en los problemas de rutas de vehículos a través de la programación lineal entera, para el diseño óptimo de una red destinada a la entrega del Servicio Postal Universal. En concreto, el sistema determina las características de dicha red basándose en criterios de teoría de grafos. Se obtiene, por tanto, un modelo destinado a la mejora de la planificación, diseño y gestión de los diferentes recursos del proceso de entrega, provocando a la vez un importante ahorro en los costes producidos en este proceso o, lo que es lo mismo, un gran beneficio final para el operador postal.The daily need of citizens to communicate, in order to carry out different activities of any nature, has been affected to a large extent by the changes recently produced. The advantages generated by the inclusion of new technologies as a mode of communication, and the proliferation of their use among citizens, are innumerable and extend both in the personal as in the private. Currently postal services are undergoing an unprecedented transformation due to the change of paper letters by e-mails, as these are faster than traditional ones because of the immediate delivery time. Also is a change in the type of delivery, because in the postal network is progressively increased use of paqueteria, caused by the introduction of electronic commerce, where from home can buy everything. In short, each and every one of these services have the same purpose, to communicate. And to allow permanent communication throughout the territory, with quality criteria and at affordable prices for users, the Universal Postal Service is born. The Universal Postal Service is intended that all users of postal services can access the postal network. This access must be made without any discrimination, especially geographical, as there are many rural areas in Spain. These rural areas do not attract postal operators, its low profit, forcing the appointment by the State of an operator to guarantee this service throughout the Spanish territory under public service. This service requires the operator of a logistics planning their transport routes and delivery. Transportation routes between its various centers have been studied detailed by the designated operator itself, unlike delivery routes, where each dealer makes a function of their experience or preferences, without following a unified approach. This last step represents the highest cost in the postal service, between 40% and 50% of the total, mainly due to the amount of personal and motorized means that are required. This paper presents a mathematical model, based on the problems of vehicle routes through the entire linear programming, for the optimal design of a network destined to the delivery of the Universal Postal Service. Specifically, the system determines the characteristics of the network based on criteria of graph theory. It is obtained therefore a model for improving the planning, design and management of the various resources of the delivery process, causing both a significant savings in the costs incurred in this process or what is the same, a great end benefit to the postal operator

El desarrollo profesional del profesorado ante el actual desarrollo tecnológico

En este artículo presentamos las principales aportaciones de un estudio realizado sobre la utilización de diferentes medios tecnológicos realizada por una muestra de profesores y profesoras universitarias. Entre las categorías que ayudan a entender los usos de dichas herramientas en las prácticas docentes está la finalidad instructiva o formativa de los mismos, las estrategias organizativas utilizadas en los centros para ubicar los medios y, finalmente, la formación y apoyo técnico disponible en las mencionadas instituciones de enseñanza superior.In this article we present the main contributions of a study carried out on the use of different technological means carried out by a sample of university teachers. The instructive or formative purpose of the same ones is among the categories that they help to understand the uses of this tools in the educational practices, the organizational strategies used in the centers to locate the means and, finally, the formation and available technical support in the mentioned higher education institutions

Two-Sided Antibacterial Cellulose Combining Probiotics and Silver Nanoparticles

This work was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICIU) (projects FEDER PID2019-111461GB-I00 and Ramon y Cajal RYC-2016-21042). L.S. acknowledges the Spanish MICIU for the predoctoral contract within the FPU program (FPU16/01360).The constant increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria demands the design of novel antibiotic-free materials. The combination of antibacterials in a biocompatible biomaterial is a very promising strategy to treat infections caused by a broader spectrum of resistant pathogens. Here, we combined two antibacterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and living probiotics (Lactobacillus fermentum, Lf), using bacterial cellulose (BC) as scaffold. By controlling the loading of each antibacterial at opposite BC sides, we obtained a two-sided biomaterial (AgNP-BC-Lf) with a high density of alive and metabolically active probiotics on one surface and AgNPs on the opposite one, being probiotics well preserved from the killer effect of AgNPs. The resulting two-sided biomaterial was characterized by Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). The antibacterial capacity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a broad range of skin infections, was also assessed by agar diffusion tests in pathogen-favorable media. Results showed an enhanced activity against PA when both antibacterials were combined into BC (AgNP-BC-Lf) with respect to BC containing only one of the antibacterials, BC-Lf or AgNP-BC. Therefore, AgNP-BC-Lf is an antibiotic-free biomaterial that can be useful for the therapy of topical bacterial infections.Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICIU) (project FEDER) PID2019-111461GB-I00Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICIU) (Project Ramon y Cajal) RYC-2016-21042Spanish MICIU FPU16/0136

Effects of irrigation with desalinated seawater and hydroponic system on tomato quality

The use of desalinated seawater (DSW) as an alternative to conventional water resources is gradually gaining more interest due to the strong water deficit and increasing pressure on water resources in semi-arid regions. Furthermore, the combination of this alternative irrigation with the hydroponic cultivation system would allow continuous production almost through the whole year and hydroponic-related high crop yield. Nevertheless, the e_ects of DSW irrigation in hydroponic systems on the product quality need to be firstly studied to avoid product quality losses. In this study, we evaluated the e_ects on the quality of two tomato cvs. (Ramyle and Racymo) of three di_erent irrigation treatments (T1, DSW; T2, DSW/well water mix; and T3, well water) under hydroponic or traditional cultivation systems. The soluble solid content of samples (highly correlated to dry matter content) grown under hydroponic conditions and T3 irrigation showed the highest values (5.8 _Brix) although such di_erences (<0.6 _Brix) with T1 might not be sensorially appreciated. Similarly, although T3 samples showed higher acidity than T1 samples, such di_erences (0.06%) would be not appreciated by the consumer. Tomatoes grown in hydroponic conditions had 1.1–1.2-fold higher firmness than conventional soil conditions showing hydroponic T3 samples had the highest value (21–23 N). Tomato cv. Racymo displayed higher color index (chroma) than cv. Ramyle, registering hydroponic T1 samples the most intense red color correlated with the highest lycopene content of 41.1 mg/kg. T1 irrigation of tomatoes cv. Ramyle did not induce significant changes while di_erences lower than 10% were observed in the tomato cv. Racymo. The highest total antioxidant capacity, which was highly correlated to the total phenolic content (R2 = 0.80), was found for hydroponic T1 samples with 1637/1243 _mol/kg for the tomato cvs. Ramyle/Racymo. Conclusively, the use of DSW would not compromise the consumer acceptance of tomatoes due to the low (not appreciable) quality di_erences, with even the total antioxidant capacity of these samples being increased. Furthermore, the mix of DSW with conventional water resources (lower cost) would not compromise the tomato quality.This study was funded by the LIFE Program of the European Union through the DESEACROP project (LIFE16-ENV-ES-000341)

EFFICIENT POSTAL SERVICE AND RESPECTFUL WITH THE ENVIRONMENT

[EN] The postal service is suffering an adaptation to the new markets opened by the users. The traditional post, letters and postcards, is being used less and is substituted by mail and packaging. To adequate to this new market it's important for the postal sector companies. In Spain, the operator of the Universal Postal Service has taken example from other companies of the sector, national and international, implanting electrical bicycle mail and packaging service in the centre of big cities. This is due to the fact that there are more the cities that are forbidding vehicle access to it's historical centres and the volume of packaging to deliver is greater. But, is it viable to deliver using hybrid and electrical vehicles in cities? This study intends to improve the distribution in cities with the implantation of these vehicles. It takes into account the characteristics of populations between 50.000 and 100.000 inhabitants, in which it will be analysed the advantages and inconvenience, doing special emphasis in the economic cost, conducting studies of the costs of implantation and amortization time.Vera López, J.; Pabón Dueñas, AB.; Liñán Ruiz, RJ.; Merino Córdoba, S. (2016). EFFICIENT POSTAL SERVICE AND RESPECTFUL WITH THE ENVIRONMENT. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1965-1974. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.4085OCS1965197

Proposal for improving of paddy rice drying process in dryers inclined pools: Propuesta de mejoramiento del proceso de secado de arroz paddy en secaderos tipo albercas inclinadas

The operation of inclined type dryers for paddy rice is studied to improve their operation and efficiency, considering the variables of drying time, humidity distribution in the rice layer after drying and air velocities within the plenum. Simulating the distribution and velocities of the air flow before crossing the rice layer, the outlet ducts to the plenum are relocated and dampers are placed to distribute the flow evenly. On the other hand, it is proposed to replace the flat-type mesh with a zigzag-type mesh.&nbsp; To verify the proposed modifications, a scale model was built to determine the humidity and drying time variation inside the rice layer, obtaining more uniform moisture percentages within the rice layer and a decrease in drying time. &nbsp;Se estudia el funcionamiento de los secaderos tipo inclinado para arroz paddy, con el fin de mejorar su operación y eficiencia, considerando las variables de tiempo de secado, distribución de la humedad en la capa de arroz después del secado y velocidades del aire dentro del plenum. Simulando la distribución y velocidades del flujo de aire antes de cruzar la capa de arroz se reubican los conductos de salida al plenum y se colocan dampers que distribuyan uniformemente el flujo. Por otro lado, se propone la sustitución de la malla tipo plana por una malla tipo zigzag.&nbsp; Para verificar las modificaciones propuestas se construyó un modelo a escala para medir la variación del tiempo de secado y la humedad dentro de la capa de arroz paddy, obteniendo porcentajes de humedad más uniformes dentro de la capa de arroz y disminución del tiempo de secado

Energy management in microgrids with renewable energy sources: A literature review

Renewable energy sources have emerged as an alternative to meet the growing demand for energy, mitigate climate change, and contribute to sustainable development. The integration of these systems is carried out in a distributed manner via microgrid systems; this provides a set of technological solutions that allows information exchange between the consumers and the distributed generation centers, which implies that they need to be managed optimally. Energy management in microgrids is defined as an information and control system that provides the necessary functionality, which ensures that both the generation and distribution systems supply energy at minimal operational costs. This paper presents a literature review of energy management in microgrid systems using renewable energies, along with a comparative analysis of the different optimization objectives, constraints, solution approaches, and simulation tools applied to both the interconnected and isolated microgrids. To manage the intermittent nature of renewable energy, energy storage technology is considered to be an attractive option due to increased technological maturity, energy density, and capability of providing grid services such as frequency response. Finally, future directions on predictive modeling mainly for energy storage systems are also proposed