6,383 research outputs found
Estabelecendo conexĂ”es entre nĂșmeros racionais: O caso da percentagem
Esta comunicação decorre de um trabalho de investigação, centrado uma experiĂȘncia de ensino no tema NĂșmeros Racionais, com uma turma do 5.Âș ano de escolaridade, em que se procurou criar um contexto favorĂĄvel ao estabelecimento de conexĂ”es entre as vĂĄrias representaçÔes dos racionais, atravĂ©s de problemas e tarefas de natureza exploratĂłria e do uso de modelos, principalmente a barra numĂ©rica.
Na presente comunicação procuramos analisar que conhecimentos sobre percentagem os alunos de um grupo possuĂam inicialmente e como usam, posteriormente, no decurso da experiĂȘncia de ensino, a percentagem para comparar nĂșmeros racionais numa situação de partilha equitativa, evidenciando jĂĄ alguma flexibilidade para considerarem a representação que lhes Ă© mais conveniente.FCT - Fundação para a CiĂȘncia e Tecnologi
Macrophages control tissue homeostasis via Ferritin heavy chain
Due to its inherent capacity to catalyze reduction-oxidation reactions, iron is at the center stage of vital biological functions essential to most living organisms. Paradoxically, these same inherent characteristics are also responsible for the deleterious effects of iron. In the intracellular environment, iron is oxidized to its inert biological form by the ferroxidase activity of Ferritin Heavy Chain (FTH). In this Thesis we used a genetic loss of function approach in mice to demonstrate that FTH is essential to control the deleterious effects of iron and as such to maintain homeostasis in vivo. Namely we found that global deletion of the Fth allele is lethal in adult mice, an outcome prevented by the expression of FTH in macrophages. To investigate further the mechanisms by which FTH in macrophages contributes to maintain homeostasis we generated and characterized a genetically modified mouse strain in which FTH was tagged with a small V5 epitope. We found that contrary to what would be expected FTH is not secreted from macrophages to exert its protective effect. We conclude that FTH expression in macrophages acts in a cell autonomous manner to support homeostasis
ENVIE Co-ordination action on indoor air quality and health effects; WP3 Final report â Characterisation of spaces and source
Human exposure to environmental pollutants occurs via various pathways. For many
pollutants, especially the volatile ones, air exposure is the dominant pathway.
Exposure via air occurs both outdoors and indoors, with diverse types of indoor
spaces playing a role, e.g., home, workplace, and passenger cabins of means of
transportation. In average people spend over 90% of their time indoors, that
percentage being particularly high for some specific groups as new-born,
elderly, disabled or sick people. The global exposure to air contaminants is
therefore drastically determined by indoor conditions. It is now well
established that indoor air pollution contributes significantly to the global
burden of disease of the population. For a majority of indoor air contaminants,
particularly in the presence of common indoor sources, however, indoor
concentrations usually exceed outdoor concentrations, for some pollutants even
with an indoor/outdoor ratio of 10 or 20. Emissions are identified, accordingly
to the EnVIE approach and grouped into four categories: building materials and
related sources, including dampness and moulds; ventilation, natural and
mechanical, including, or not, heating, cooling and humidification/
dehumidification; consumer products, furnishing, cleaning and household
products; and occupant activities. Emission of chemical substances from
construction materials and products in buildings to the indoor air have been
reported and reviewed for a wide range of substances, including those formed
during secondary reactions, causing complaints of irritation and odour. During
the last two decades there has been increasing advances in construction
technology that have caused a much greater use of synthetic building materials.
Whilst these improvements have led to more comfortable buildings, they also
provide indoor environments with contaminants in higher concentrations than are
found outside. Wood and cork are now frequently used as a building product for
floor coverings, because the material is often regarded as ânaturalâ and
âhealthyâ. However, industrial products, even based on natural raw materials,
may contain a number of artificial ingredients and the chemical emissions will
strongly depend on the type of additives and the manufacturing process. Modern
interior paints are usually based on a polymeric binder. In order to fulfil
requirements on e.g., durability, paint contains various functional chemicals.
Water-borne paints usually also contains small amounts of approved biocides.
Polymeric binders with a very low content of residual monomers have been
developed for paint. Besides the release of substances to the indoor air due to
primary emission, damp building materials may give rise to volatile substances
formed during secondary reactions. Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are
now receiving much more attention than heretofore. The HVAC (Heating,
Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems as providers, among others, of
services of cleaning and dilution of pollutants in the indoor air are also
recognized as potential pollution sources. Several studies have shown that the
prevalence of SBS symptoms is often higher in air conditioned buildings than in
buildings with natural ventilation. 8 The outdoor air introduced indoors through
either ventilation systems or natural means is also an important and not always
controllable source for the intake of some outdoor pollutants. Outdoor air used
for ventilation may also be source of pollution containing particulate matter,
particulates of biological origin (microorganisms, pollen, etc.) and various
gases like NOx and O building structures which is a driving force for the
airflows which will transport to indoors water vapour and gaseous or particulate
contaminants. Volatile organic compounds are emitted from a wide variety of
household and consumer products with emission rates that are strongly dependent
on the type of application and are distributed over several orders of magnitude.
A number of product classes are identified and information on ingredients and
available data on emissions from individual products are presented. Human
activities and the associated use of products encompass a wide range of indoor
sources involving release of inorganic gases, particles and organic compounds as
a consequence of the activity. For some releases such as with air fresheners the
release is a necessary part of the activity to achieve the intended effect
whereas for others, such as the release of combustion fumes from a gas
appliance, the purpose of the action (in this case generation of heat) is
different from the emission. Combustion processes are an important source of a
range of air pollutants as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide,
particulates and associated inorganic and organic chemicals, organic vapours
e.g. formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzene. Sources of these are present in
both ambient and indoor environments. The concentrations present in the ambient
air provide a baseline for the level of pollutant found indoors as this air
enters indoors by processes of infiltration and ventilation. However, the
concentration indoors will be modified by processes of sorption to surfaces and
chemical reaction depending on the chemical and physical properties of the
pollutant and internal surfaces. People themselves are a source of emissions of
chemicals and gases, notably CO range of organic compounds that are referred to
as body odours. The removal of such body odours is a prime objective of
ventilation in order to achieve a satisfactory indoor environment. WP3 aims at
to characterize spaces and sources in order to understand where and how to act
to guarantee good IAQ. From the two strategies for good IAQ, source control and
ventilation, the precautionary principle suggests that first priority shall be
given to source control, avoiding, mitigating or simply managing sources of
emissions. An overview of all policies on IAQ or related to IAQ, existing or in
preparation, directly related to indoor air sources, but also covering outdoor
air and industrial emissions, which could affect indirectly IAQ is made.
Considering the presented it could be concluded that IAQ is yet poorly regulated
at EU level, and in view of that some recommendations are made. The
recommendations on policies have taken into account the existing related to IAQ
policies such as new EU policies on chemicals (REACH; 2006/121/EC), consumer
products (GPSD; 2001/95/EC), construction products (CPD; 89/106/EC) and energy
performance of buildings (EPBD; 2002/91/EC) all refer to IAQ issues - suggesting
that they could, and probably should, contribute to IAQ policy development and
advocate an integrative and comprehensive policy approach centred
Feature-based underwater localization using an imaging sonar
The ability of an AUV to locate itself in an environment as well as to detect relevant environmental features is of key importance for navigation success. Sonars are one the most common sensing devices for underwater localization and mapping, being used to detect and identify underwater structural features. This study explores the processing and analysis of acoustic images, through the data acquired by a mechanical scanning imaging sonar, in order to extract relevant environmental features that enable location estimation. For this purpose, the performances of different state-of-the art feature extraction algorithms were evaluated. Furthermore, an improvement to the feature matching step is proposed, in order to adapt this procedure to the characteristics of acoustic images. The extracted features are then used to feed a location estimator composed of a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping algorithm implementing an Extended Kalman Filter. Several tests were performed in a structured environment and the results of the feature extraction process and localization are presented
ACQUISITION AS A GENERATOR STRATEGY FROM COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN THE BRAZILIAN MARKET OF FUELS DISTRIBUITION
The subject from this work is about acquisitions as organizational strategies and it is guided by the general objective on identifying if the acquisition of Texaco by Ultra Group, in Brazil, could generate competitive advantages. Thus, the main aim is to characterize, specifically, the fuel distribution sector in Brazil, presenting characteristics, strategies, classification of resources and the competitive advantageâs identification in the buying process of Texaco by Ultra Group. The methodology used for this research is a case study of qualitative nature. Data collection has been performed through literature review, documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. In the analysis of collected data, specific objectives have been met. It was clear, therefore, the presence of features such as scale earnings, brand exposure, better management practices, synergies, tangible and intangible assets and market growth. So, those resources are classified according to the competitive implications. Then, it might be concluded that TexacoÂŽs acquisition could bring competitive advantages for Ultra / Ipiranga Group. Respondents believe the sector is growing and businesses tend to grow despite the world crisis. They also confirmed that, in a highly competitive market, strategic alliances and market growing are factors that may ensure success to each company
Apneia do sono e perda auditiva em IndivĂduos do sexo masculino
O SĂndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) Ă© uma perturbação respiratĂłria relacionada com o sono, que consiste na obstrução do fluxo respiratĂłrio durante o sono por um perĂodo igual ou superior a dez segundos e mais do que cinco vezes por hora. Um dos efeitos mais claros desencadeados por este sĂndrome Ă© a sensação de cansaço pela incapacidade de completar um ciclo de sono. O ciclo do sono Ă© composto por cinco fases que podem durar de setenta a cento e vinte minutos. Durante este perĂodo ocorrem vĂĄrios ciclos, podendo em cada noite realizar-se de quatro a seis ciclos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Relationships between grandparents and their teenage grandchildren: an integrative review
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação entre avĂłs e seus netos adolescentes, e descrever suas diferentes representaçÔes no cotidiano de seus netos por meio de revisĂŁo integrativa. Realizou-se a busca de artigos e resumos publicados no perĂodo de janeiro 2002 a junho de 2012, nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, por meio dos seguintes descritores: avĂłs, netos adolescentes, relaçÔes entre avĂłs e netos. Seguindo as estratĂ©gias definidas para o estudo, a busca resultou em seis artigos na Ăntegra. Foram incluĂdos dois artigos da base de dados LILACS e quatro da MEDLINE. Concluiu-se que as relaçÔes entre avĂłs e netos adolescentes se diferenciaram de acordo com a proximidade entre os sujeitos, sendo esta derivada de diversos fatores, como corresidĂȘncia, trabalho e estado civil dos netos, opçÔes sexuais GLBT, origem e doenças crĂŽnicas dos avĂłs. Pesquisas futuras que estudem essa temĂĄtica sĂŁo importantes para contribuir com um melhor entendimento da relação entre avĂłs e seus netos na perspectiva de ambos os sujeitos.This study aimed to analyze the relationship between grandparents and their teenage grandchildren, and describe different representations in everyday of their grandchildren through an integrative review. A search for articles and abstracts published from January 2002 to June 2012, was conducted in MEDLINE and LILACS databases using the following descriptors: grandparents, grandchildren teenagers, relationships between grandparents and grandchildren. Following the strategies defined for the study, the search resulted in six full articles. Two articles from LILACS and four from MEDLINE were included. The conclusion was that the relationship between grandparents and teenage grandchildren differed according to the proximity of the subject, which is derived from several factors such as co-residence, work and marital status of the grandchildren, GLBT sexual choices, and chronic source of grandparents. Future research work assessing this issue are important to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren from the perspective of both subjects
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