Dactylorhiza elata, Stately Dactylorhiza

Mediterranean regional assessment: Near Threatened (NT) The species is found from southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa. In two countries within the Mediterranean distribution (France and Portugal) populations or habitat of this species have declined by more than 30% over three generations. In another two countries (Algeria and Morocco) a similar decline is suspected but cannot yet be confirmed, and in Spain populations appear to be relatively abundant however there is no information on population trends. Elsewhere the species is known only from singlesites in Sardinia and Tunisia. whilst the extent of occurrence is very large, the area of occupancy (AOO) is possibly restricted however distribution data are inadequate to confirm the AOO. Therefore whilst the rate of decline cannot be measured throughout the range of the species, the Mediterranean population decline is confirmed, it is ongoing and is not reversible, consequently this species is close to classification as Vulnerable (A2c and A4c). Further to this, if monitoring data become available to provide an indication of population trends in Spain and these show that it is in decline then it is clear that the species should be considered threatened at both the Mediterranean and global scales. This species is therefore classed as Near Threatened, approaching Vulnerable (A2c+4c)

Global and Regional IUCN Red List Assessments : 1

In this contribution, the conservation status assessment of six plant species according to IUCN categories and criteria are presented. It includes the assessment at global level of Linaria tonzigii Lona, Allium garganicum Brullo, Pavone, Salmeri & Terrasi, Ferula arrigonii Bocchieri, Orchis patens Desf. subsp. patens and Armeria saviana Selvi and the assessment at regional level (Italy) of Viola jordanii Hanry

Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin

Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterly flows that predominate during the warm period (spring and summer) and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the cyclonic situations present high frequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to the total rainfall, runoff, and sediment (showing the lowest efficiency) because of atmospheric stability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations

Variação na arquitetura floral e sucesso reprodutivo de duas espécies de Helicteres (Malvaceae), na região sudoeste de Mato Grosso Variation of floral architecture and reproductive success of two Helicteres (Malvaceae) species in southwestern Mato Grosso

Objetivou-se analisar a influência da arquitetura floral, o comportamento dos visitantes florais diurnos e a influência dos locais de deposição de pólen no corpo dos polinizadores para o sucesso reprodutivo de Helicteres sacarolha e H. lhotzkyana. A floração de H. sacarolha ocorreu durante a estação chuvosa (Janeiro a Abril) e de H. lhotzkyana se estendeu de Julho a Outubro (estação seca e inicio da estação chuvosa). Flores de ambas as espécies são vistosas, zigomorfas e apresentam características de ornitofilia. Beija-flores foram os principais visitantes florais diurnos destas espécies, não tendo havido polinizadores em comum entre elas. Os beija-flores que visitaram as flores de H. sacarolha apresentaram comportamento territorialista e o local de deposição de pólen era na cabeça ou na testa, enquanto que os que visitaram flores de H. lhotzkyana apresentaram comportamento "traplining" e o pólen era depositado na cauda ou nos pés. O sucesso reprodutivo foi significativamente diferente entre as espécies, a produção média de sementes por fruto foi de 24,56 em H. sacarolha e de 5,28 em H. lhotzkyana. As características florais e os comportamentos dos polinizadores, explicam parte das variações no sucesso reprodutivo das espécies estudadas.<br>The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of floral architecture, the behavior of day visitors to the flowers and the influence of the location of pollen deposition on the bodies of the pollinators for the reproductive success of Helicteres sacarolha and H. lhotzkyana. Flowering of H. sacarolha occurred during the rainy season (January to April) and H. lhotzkyana between July and October (dry season and beginning of the rainy season). Flowers of both species are colorful and zygomorphic with characteristics of ornithophily. Hummingbirds were the main day visitors to the flowers. The species had no pollinators in common. The behavior of the hummingbirds that visited H. sacarolha flowers was territorial and the pollen was deposited on the head or forehead; the behavior of those that visited H. lhotzkyana flowers was traplining and the pollen was deposited on the tail or feet. Reproductive success was significantly different between the species; mean fruit set was 24.56 for H. sacarolha and 5.28 for H. lhotzkyana. Floral characteristics and pollinator behavior explain part of the differences in the reproductive success of the species studied

The Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in children and adolescents

Acute pancreatitis (AP) and recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) are conditions, whose incidence is apparently on the rise. Despite the ever-increasing evidence regarding the management of AP in children and adults, therapeutic actions that could potentially affect having a poor prognosis in those patients, especially in the pediatric population, continue to be carried out. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología convened a group of 24 expert pediatric gastroenterologists from different institutions and areas of Mexico, as well as 2 pediatric nutritionists and 2 specialists in pediatric surgery, to discuss different aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of AP and RAP in the pediatric population. The aim of this document is to present the consensus results. Different AP topics were addressed by 6 working groups, each of which reviewed the information and formulated statements considered pertinent for each module, on themes involving recommendations and points of debate, concerning diagnostic or therapeutic approaches. All the statements were presented and discussed. They were then evaluated through a Delphi process, with electronic and anonymous voting, to determine the level of agreement on the statements. A total of 29 statements were formulated, all of which reached above 75% agreement in the first round of voting. Resumen: La pancreatitis aguda (PA) y la pancreatitis aguda recurrente (PAR) son enfermedades cuya incidencia aparentemente va en incremento. A pesar de la creciente evidencia sobre el manejo de la PA en adultos y niños, aún se siguen teniendo conductas que potencialmente podrían impactar en un pronóstico no tan adecuado de estos pacientes, sobre todo en población pediátrica. Es por esto que la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología convocó a un grupo de 24 gastroenterólogos pediatras expertos, de diferentes instituciones y de diferentes zonas geográficas de México, 2 nutriólogas pediatras, así como 2 especialistas en cirugía pediátrica para discutir sobre diferentes aspectos de la epidemiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la PA y PAR en población pediátrica. El objetivo de este documento es presentar los resultados obtenidos de este consenso. Se organizaron 6 mesas de trabajo con diferentes tópicos sobre la PA. Cada mesa de trabajo revisó la información y generó los enunciados/declaraciones que consideraron pertinentes para cada módulo, en tópicos que representaran recomendaciones o puntos de debate sobre cuestiones de abordaje diagnóstico o terapéutico. Se presentaron y discutieron todas las declaraciones. Posteriormente, se sometieron a evaluación mediante un proceso Delphi, de voto anónimo, vía electrónica, para conocer el nivel de acuerdo en los enunciados/declaraciones. Se elaboraron un total de 29 enunciados/declaraciones. Todas las declaraciones tuvieron un porcentaje de consenso mayor del 75% en la primera ronda de votación

Consenso de la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de pancreatitis aguda en niñas, niños y adolescentes

Resumen: La pancreatitis aguda (PA) y la pancreatitis aguda recurrente (PAR) son enfermedades cuya incidencia aparentemente va en incremento. A pesar de la creciente evidencia sobre el manejo de la PA en adultos y niños, aún se siguen teniendo conductas que potencialmente podrían impactar en un pronóstico no tan adecuado de estos pacientes, sobre todo en población pediátrica. Es por esto que la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología convocó a un grupo de 24 gastroenterólogos pediatras expertos, de diferentes instituciones y de diferentes zonas geográficas de México, 2 nutriólogas pediatras, así como 2 especialistas en cirugía pediátrica para discutir sobre diferentes aspectos de la epidemiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la PA y PAR en población pediátrica. El objetivo de este documento es presentar los resultados obtenidos de este consenso. Se organizaron 6 mesas de trabajo con diferentes tópicos sobre la PA. Cada mesa de trabajo revisó la información y generó los enunciados/declaraciones que consideraron pertinentes para cada módulo, en tópicos que representaran recomendaciones o puntos de debate sobre cuestiones de abordaje diagnóstico o terapéutico. Se presentaron y discutieron todas las declaraciones. Posteriormente, se sometieron a evaluación mediante un proceso Delphi, de voto anónimo, vía electrónica, para conocer el nivel de acuerdo en los enunciados/declaraciones. Se elaboraron un total de 29 enunciados/declaraciones. Todas las declaraciones tuvieron un porcentaje de consenso mayor del 75% en la primera ronda de votación. Abstract: Acute pancreatitis (AP) and recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) are conditions, whose incidence is apparently on the rise. Despite the ever-increasing evidence regarding the management of AP in children and adults, therapeutic actions that could potentially affect having a poor prognosis in those patients, especially in the pediatric population, continue to be carried out. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología convened a group of 24 expert pediatric gastroenterologists from different institutions and areas of Mexico, as well as 2 pediatric nutritionists and 2 specialists in pediatric surgery, to discuss different aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of AP and RAP in the pediatric population. The aim of this document is to present the consensus results. Different AP topics were addressed by 6 working groups, each of which reviewed the information and formulated statements considered pertinent for each module, on themes involving recommendations and points of debate, concerning diagnostic or therapeutic approaches. All the statements were presented and discussed. They were then evaluated through a Delphi process, with electronic and anonymous voting, to determine the level of agreement on the statements. A total of 29 statements were formulated, all of which reached above 75% agreement in the first round of voting

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location Amazonia. Taxon Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

SEARCH FOR THE t AND b-prime QUARKS IN HADRONIC DECAYS OF THE Z0 BOSON

We present a search for the third generation up type quark t and a possible fourth down type quark b' in hadronic Z0 decays observed in DELPHI at the LEP collider. For any scenario with a decay through the charged current or into a charged Higgs with a mass at least 6 GeV/c2 below the t and 3 GeVc2 below the b' mass, we set a lower limit for the t quark mass at 44.0 GeV/c2 and for the b' mass at 44.5 GeV/c2. For specific scenarios the mass limits are slightly higher, e.g. for charged current decays the limits are 44.5 and 45.0 GeV/c2 respectively, where all limits are given at a 95% confidence level. © 1990.0SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe