Ocorrência e aspectos biológicos do psilídeo do sombreiro no Brasil

O sombreiro Clitoria fairchildiana (Howard) é uma planta amplamente distribuída no Brasil sendo muito utilizada em arborizações. Em abril de 2001 foi constatada a ocorrência do psilídeo Euphalerus clitoriae Burckhardt & Guajará neste hospedeiro na Região Metropolitana do Recife, PE. Este trabalho teve como objetivo registrar a ocorrência de E. clitoriae e seus inimigos naturais, e estudar alguns aspectos da biologia deste psilídeo. Foram realizadas coletas semanais de folhas de C. fairchildiana visando à contagem de ninfas de E. clitoriae e formas imaturas e adultos dos inimigos naturais. A população de E. clitoriae variou de 2 a 90 ninfas por folíolo. A percentagem de parasitismo de Aprostocetus sp. variou de 3 a 24%. A curva de freqüência da largura do pigídio dos insetos observados apresentou variação de 120 a 140; 200 a 240; 300 a 380; 460 a 580 e 720 a 820 mm para o primeiro, segundo, terceiro, quarto e quinto ínstares, respectivamente. Os ovos de E. clitoriae apresentaram 7,6 dias de incubação. A fase ninfal apresentou 5,7 dias para o primeiro ínstar, 4,5 dias para o segundo ínstar, 4,8 dias para o terceiro ínstar, 5,0 dias para o quarto ínstar e 6,1 dias para o quinto ínstar. O período de ovo-adulto foi 33,7 dias, a longevidade de fêmeas foi 8,6 dias e a fecundidade de 118 ovos/fêmea. A viabilidade total de formas imaturas foi de 74% e a razão sexual de 0,5.Clitoria fairchildiana (Howard) is a tree largely distributed in Brazil, used for urban arborization. In April 2001, the psyllid Euphalerus clitoriae Burckhardt & Guajará was reported on this plant in the metropolitan areas of Recife, PE, Brazil. This report records the occurrence of E. clitoriae and studies some of its biological aspects in this area. With this purpose, C. fairchildiana leaves were sampled weekly, and E. clitoriae nymphs as well as Aprostocetus sp. larvae and nymphs were collected and counted. The E. clitoriae population ranged from 2 to 90 nymphs per leaflet. The Aprostocetus sp. percentage of parasitism ranged from 3 to 24%. The frequency curve for pygidium width ranged from 120 to 140; 200 to 240; 300 to 380; 460 to 580, and 720 to 820 mm for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth instars, respectively. The incubation period for E. clitoriae eggs lasted 7.6 days. The nymphal stage lasted 5.7; 4.5; 4.8; 5.0, and 6.1 days for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth instars, respectively. Development time from egg to adult was 33.7 days. Female longevity 8.6 days, with a daily fecundity of 118 eggs. The total viability of the immature stage was 74%, and the sex ratio was 0.5

OCORRÊNCIA DO ÁCARO BRANCO Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) EM JAMBU Spilanthes oleracea E OUTRAS PLANTAS HOSPEDEIRAS NO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS

Abstract: Spilanthes oleracea is an unconventional vegetable native to the Amazon, is widely cultivated in several municipalities of the North Brazil. Few pests have been found and identified effectively in this culture, with no record to phytophagous mite. Thus, the purpose of this study was to record the first occurrence of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) in S. oleracea crops, characterizing the damage and reporting the occurrence of other host plants in Central Amazonia. The main damage caused by P. latus in leaf of S. oleracea are hardening and shrinking of the younger leaves, leaving them unfit for marketing.   KEY WORDS: diversity, pest mites, tropical agriculture.RESUMO: O jambu, Spilanthes oleraceae, é uma hortaliça não convencional nativa da Amazônia, amplamente cultivada como hortaliça folhosa em vários municípios da região Norte. Poucas pragas têm sido constatadas e efetivamente identificadas nesta cultura, não havendo nenhum registro de ácaro fitófago. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar pela primeira vez a ocorrência de Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) em cultivos de jambu, caracterizando os danos e relatar a ocorrência deste ácaro em outras plantas hospedeiras no Estado do Amazonas. Os principais danos causados por P. latus em folha de jambu são o enrijecimento e encarquilhamento das folhas jovens, deixando-as impróprias para comercialização. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ácaros praga, agricultura tropical, diversidade

Predatory mites and the fungus Neozygites floridana associated with spider mites on soybean, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de ácaros predadores e do fungo Neozygites floridana, associados a ácaros tetraniquídeos, em soja (Glycine max L.), no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Entre 2003 e 2005, foram avaliadas amostras de folhas de soja das principais regiões produtoras do Estado. Essas amostras foram coletadas de diferentes posições da planta e aleatoriamente na lavoura. As espécies de ácaros predadores encontradas foram: Neoseiulus anonymus, N. californicus, Phytoseiulus fragariae, P. macropilis, Proprioseiopsis cannaensis e Galendromus annectens. O fungo N. floridana apresentou ampla distribuição e ocorreu em todas as espécies de tetraniquídeos encontradas: Mononychellus planki, Tetranychus desertorum, T. gigas, T. ludeni e T. urticae.The objective of this work was to verify the occurrence of predatory mites and the fungus Neozygites floridana, associated with spider mites in soybean (Glycine max L.), in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. From 2003 to 2005, samples of soybean leaves from the most important soybean producing regions of the state were evaluated. These samples were collected from different positions of the plant and randomly in the field. The predatory mite species found were Neoseiulus anonymus, N. californicus, Phytoseiulus fragariae, P. macropilis, Proprioseiopsis cannaensis, and Galendromus annectens. The fungus N. floridana was widely distributed and occurred in all the spider mite species found: Mononychellus planki, Tetranychus desertorum, T. gigas, T. ludeni and T. urticae

Chemical compositions of essential oil of piper species from atlantic forest of Amazonia, Brazil

Essential oils from the leaves of Piper japurense (Miq.) C. DC., P. coariense Yunk., P. auriculifolium Yunk., P. curtistilum C.DC., P. alatipetiolatum Yunk. and P. brevesanum Yunk. from the Amazon Forest (Brazil) were obtained through hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the oils was determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, which revealed the presence of 108 compounds representing 95.14%, 95.64%, 95.57%, 92.05%, 96.24% and 91.316% of the oils, respectively. All oils had an abundance of sesquiterpenes, except the oil from P. alatipetiolatum, which had a higher percentage of monoterpenes. The major components were α-eudesmol in the P. japurense (22.05%) and P. coariense (27.33%) oils, premnaspirodiene (32.26%) in the P. auriculifolium oil, caryophyllene oxide (28.69%) in the P. curtistilum oil, linalool (43.88%) in the P. alatipetiolatum oil and β-elemene (12.75%) in the P. brevesanum oil. Although the oils were composed of terpenes, the chemical analysis revealed qualitative and quantitative differences. This is the first report of the chemical composition of these six species of Piper that occur in the Amazonia biome in Brazil. © 2019 ACG Publications. All rights reserved

Emergências Psiquiátricas: Estratégias de Triagem e Intervenção - Uma Revisão Sistemática

Psychiatric emergencies represent a complex intersection between mental health and emergency medicine, requiring specific approaches for screening, assessment, and immediate intervention. This systematic review examined current literature on strategies for managing psychiatric emergencies, including anxiety crises, suicidal ideation, and psychotic episodes. Reviewed studies highlighted the importance of early screening, comprehensive assessment, and multidisciplinary interventions to improve clinical outcomes. Ethical considerations and limitations were acknowledged, emphasizing the need for sensitive and evidence-based approaches to psychiatric emergency management.Emergências psiquiátricas representam uma interseção complexa entre saúde mental e medicina de emergência, exigindo abordagens específicas para triagem, avaliação e intervenção imediata. Esta revisão sistemática analisou a literatura atual sobre estratégias de manejo de emergências psiquiátricas, incluindo crises de ansiedade, ideação suicida e surtos psicóticos. Os estudos revisados destacaram a importância da triagem precoce, avaliação abrangente e intervenções multidisciplinares para melhorar os desfechos clínicos. Considerações éticas e limitações foram reconhecidas, destacando a necessidade de abordagens sensíveis e baseadas em evidências para o manejo de emergências psiquiátricas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others