IATROGENIC AND ODONTOGENIC FORMS OF STOMATOGENIC MAXILLARY SINUSITIS. ULTRASOUND CHARACTERISTIC

The special features of transfer of information of the cone-beam computed tomography allows make conclusions about the character of pathological changes in maxillary sinuses only by the features of form and outlines of shadow of changed mucous tunic of sinus at its equal intensity that often leads to the incorrect interpretation of the results of research. The high sensitivity of two-dimensional ultrasonography as for thickening (sclerosis) of mucous tunic, its edema (effusion) and exudation (purulent or serous) allows the more widen use of this method in addition to the cone-beam tomography at examination of maxillary sinuses. The other important moment is an absence of harmful influence of ultrasound on organism that makes it ideal for assessment of the dynamics of clinical course and allows prescribe it for pregnant and children. The two-dimensional ultrasound examination of 86 patients with stomatogenic maxillary sinusitis (iatrogenic – 79,1 % odontogenic – 20,9 % forms)   was carried out using ultrasound diagnostic apparatus АCUSON X 500, ATSmod.539 (SIEMENS, USA) in В-mode by the method of V.V. Shilenkova. In the result of research was found out that sonographic picture of the maxillary sinuses at stomatogenic maxillary sinusitis depends on etio-pathogenetic form of disease. For iatrogenic form of maxillary sinusitis of stomatogenic origin are typical the ultrasound signs of chronic inflammation with many inflammatory inclusions in sinus, sclerosis of mucous tunic and serous effusion. By frequency prevailed: hyperechogenicity of membrane (30,8 %), its heterogenous echostructure (52,9 %), hyperechogenic character of content (39,7 %), arched outline of the back wall (36,8 %). For odontogenic form of maxillary sinusitis of stomatogenic origin are typical the ultrasound signs of acute catarrhal inflammation with predomination of exudation in the mucous tunic and absence of contents in the lumen of sinus. By frequency prevailed: hypoechogenicity of membrane (27,8 %), its homogenous echostructure  (45,6 %); acoustic shadow in sinus (72,2 %), arched outline of the back wall (27,8 %)

IATROGENIC AND ODONTOGENIC FORMS OF STOMATOGENIC MAXILLARY SINUSITIS. ULTRASOUND CHARACTERISTIC

The special features of transfer of information of the cone-beam computed tomography allows make conclusions about the character of pathological changes in maxillary sinuses only by the features of form and outlines of shadow of changed mucous tunic of sinus at its equal intensity that often leads to the incorrect interpretation of the results of research. The high sensitivity of two-dimensional ultrasonography as for thickening (sclerosis) of mucous tunic, its edema (effusion) and exudation (purulent or serous) allows the more widen use of this method in addition to the cone-beam tomography at examination of maxillary sinuses. The other important moment is an absence of harmful influence of ultrasound on organism that makes it ideal for assessment of the dynamics of clinical course and allows prescribe it for pregnant and children. The two-dimensional ultrasound examination of 86 patients with stomatogenic maxillary sinusitis (iatrogenic – 79,1 % odontogenic – 20,9 % forms)   was carried out using ultrasound diagnostic apparatus АCUSON X 500, ATSmod.539 (SIEMENS, USA) in В-mode by the method of V.V. Shilenkova. In the result of research was found out that sonographic picture of the maxillary sinuses at stomatogenic maxillary sinusitis depends on etio-pathogenetic form of disease. For iatrogenic form of maxillary sinusitis of stomatogenic origin are typical the ultrasound signs of chronic inflammation with many inflammatory inclusions in sinus, sclerosis of mucous tunic and serous effusion. By frequency prevailed: hyperechogenicity of membrane (30,8 %), its heterogenous echostructure (52,9 %), hyperechogenic character of content (39,7 %), arched outline of the back wall (36,8 %). For odontogenic form of maxillary sinusitis of stomatogenic origin are typical the ultrasound signs of acute catarrhal inflammation with predomination of exudation in the mucous tunic and absence of contents in the lumen of sinus. By frequency prevailed: hypoechogenicity of membrane (27,8 %), its homogenous echostructure  (45,6 %); acoustic shadow in sinus (72,2 %), arched outline of the back wall (27,8 %)

IATROGENIC AND ODONTOGENIC FORMS OF STOMATOGENIC MAXILLARY SINUSITIS. ULTRASOUND CHARACTERISTIC

The special features of transfer of information of the cone-beam computed tomography allows make conclusions about the character of pathological changes in maxillary sinuses only by the features of form and outlines of shadow of changed mucous tunic of sinus at its equal intensity that often leads to the incorrect interpretation of the results of research.The high sensitivity of two-dimensional ultrasonography as for thickening (sclerosis) of mucous tunic, its edema (effusion) and exudation (purulent or serous) allows the more widen use of this method in addition to the cone-beam tomography at examination of maxillary sinuses. The other important moment is an absence of harmful influence of ultrasound on organism that makes it ideal for assessment of the dynamics of clinical course and allows prescribe it for pregnant and children.The two-dimensional ultrasound examination of 86 patients with stomatogenic maxillary sinusitis (iatrogenic – 79,1 % odontogenic – 20,9 % forms)   was carried out using ultrasound diagnostic apparatus АCUSON X 500, ATSmod.539 (SIEMENS, USA) in В-mode by the method of V.V. Shilenkova.In the result of research was found out that sonographic picture of the maxillary sinuses at stomatogenic maxillary sinusitis depends on etio-pathogenetic form of disease. For iatrogenic form of maxillary sinusitis of stomatogenic origin are typical the ultrasound signs of chronic inflammation with many inflammatory inclusions in sinus, sclerosis of mucous tunic and serous effusion. By frequency prevailed: hyperechogenicity of membrane (30,8 %), its heterogenous echostructure (52,9 %), hyperechogenic character of content (39,7 %), arched outline of the back wall (36,8 %).For odontogenic form of maxillary sinusitis of stomatogenic origin are typical the ultrasound signs of acute catarrhal inflammation with predomination of exudation in the mucous tunic and absence of contents in the lumen of sinus. By frequency prevailed: hypoechogenicity of membrane (27,8 %), its homogenous echostructure  (45,6 %); acoustic shadow in sinus (72,2 %), arched outline of the back wall (27,8 %)

High-Spatial-Resolution Monitoring of Strong Magnetic Field using Rb vapor Nanometric-Thin Cell

We have implemented the so-called $\lambda$-Zeeman technique (LZT) to investigate individual hyperfine transitions between Zeeman sublevels of the Rb atoms in a strong external magnetic field $B$ in the range of $2500 - 5000$ G (recently it was established that LZT is very convenient for the range of $10 - 2500$ G). Atoms are confined in a nanometric thin cell (NTC) with the thickness $L = \lambda$, where $\lambda$ is the resonant wavelength 794 nm for Rb $D_1$ line. Narrow velocity selective optical pumping (VSOP) resonances in the transmission spectrum of the NTC are split into several components in a magnetic field with the frequency positions and transition probabilities depending on the $B$-field. Possible applications are described, such as magnetometers with nanometric local spatial resolution and tunable atomic frequency references.Comment: 12 page

Laser spectroscopy with nanometric gas cells : distance dependence of atom-surface interaction and collisions under confinement

The high sensitivity of Laser Spectroscopy has made possible the exploration of atomic resonances in newly designed "nanometric" gas cells, whose local thickness varies from 20nm to more than 1000 nm. Following the initial observation of the optical analogous of the coherent Dicke microwave narrowing, the newest prospects include the exploration of long-range atom surface van der Waals interaction with spatial resolution in an unprecedented range of distances, modification of atom dielectric resonant coupling under the influence of the coupling between the two neighbouring dielectric media, and even the possible modification of interatomic collisions processes under the effect of confinement

Saturation effects in the sub-Doppler spectroscopy of Cesium vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell

Saturation effects affecting absorption and fluorescence spectra of an atomic vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell (cell thickness $L < 1 \mu m$) are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The study is performed on the $D_{2}$ line ($\lambda ~= ~852 nm)$ of $Cs$ and concentrates on the two situations $L = \lambda /2$ and $L =\lambda$, the most contrasted ones with respect to the length dependence of the coherent Dicke narrowing. For $L = \lambda /2$, the Dicke-narrowed absorption profile simply broadens and saturates in amplitude when increasing the light intensity, while for $L =\lambda$, sub-Doppler dips of reduced absorption at line-center appear on the broad absorption profile. For a fluorescence detection at $L =\lambda$, saturation induces narrow dips, but only for hyperfine components undergoing a population loss through optical pumping. These experimental results are interpreted with the help of the various existing models, and are compared with numerical calculations based upon a two-level modelling that considers both a closed and an open system.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure

Intensity correlations in resonance nonlinear magneto-optical rotation

We have studied the intensity correlations between two orthogonally linearly polarized components of a laser field propagating through a resonant atomic medium. These experiments have been performed in a Rubidium atomic vapor. We observe that the correlations between the orthogonally polarized components of the laser beam are maximal in the absence of a magnetic field. The magnitude of the correlations depends on the applied magnetic field, and the magnitude first decreases and then increases with increasing magnetic field. Minimal correlations and maximal rotation angles are observed at the same magnetic fields. The width of the correlation function is directly proportional to the excited state lifetime and inversely proportional to the Rabi frequency of laser field. These results can be useful for improving optical magnetometers and for optical field or atomic spin squeezing.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Sub-Doppler spectroscopy of Rb atoms in a sub-micron vapor cell in the presence of a magnetic field

We report the first use of an extremely thin vapor cell (thickness ~ 400 nm) to study the magnetic-field dependence of laser-induced-fluorescence excitation spectra of alkali atoms. This thin cell allows for sub-Doppler resolution without the complexity of atomic beam or laser cooling techniques. This technique is used to study the laser-induced-fluorescence excitation spectra of Rb in a 50 G magnetic field. At this field strength the electronic angular momentum J and nuclear angular momentum I are only partially decoupled. As a result of the mixing of wavefunctions of different hyperfine states, we observe a nonlinear Zeeman effect for each sublevel, a substantial modification of the transition probabilities between different magnetic sublevels, and the appearance of transitions that are strictly forbidden in the absence of the magnetic field. For the case of right- and left- handed circularly polarized laser excitation, the fluorescence spectra differs qualitatively. Well pronounced magnetic field induced circular dichroism is observed. These observations are explained with a standard approach that describes the partial decoupling of I and J states