Hacia una antropología económica de las formas contemporáneas de ganarse la vida Towards an economic anthropology of contemporary ways of making a living

En este artículo se presenta un conjunto de reflexiones teóricas para orientar el estudio de la reproducción social en sociedades rurales. Se considera que los procesos de globalización neoliberal han derivado en la des-especialización de las economías locales, lo que ha redundado en la diversificación de bases de reproducción dentro de las que se incluye tanto el acceso irregular al empleo asalariado, como la articulación desigual y discontinua de éste con la vida sin salario. Se propone el estudio de los modos diversos en que las poblaciones rurales se ganan la vida como alternativa antropológica para estudiar los procesos contemporáneos de reproducción social

Histamine Modulates Midbrain Dopamine Neuron Differentiation Through the Regulation of Epigenetic Marks

During midbrain development, dopamine neuron differentiation occurs before birth. Epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and demethylation as well as post-translational modification of histones occur during neurogenesis. Here, we administered histamine (HA) into the brain of E12 embryos in vivo and observed significant lower immunoreactivity of Lmx1a+ and Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH)+ cells, with parallel decreases in the expression of early (Lmx1a, Msx1) and late (Th) midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) genes. With MeDIP assays we found that HA decreases the percentage of 5-methylcytosine of Pitx3 and Th, without changes in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Additionally, HA treatment caused a significant increase in the repressive epigenetic modifications H3K9me3 in Pitx3 and Th, and also more H3K27me3 marks in Th. Furthermore, HA has a long-term effect on the formation of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic/mesocortical pathways, since it causes a significant decrease in midbrain TH immunoreactivity, as well as alterations in dopaminergic neuronal fibers, and significant lower TH-positive area in the forebrain in whole-mount stainings. These findings suggest that HA diminishes dopaminergic gene transcription by altering several epigenetic components related to DNA and histone modifications, which affects mDA neuron progression during development

Gcn5 facilitates Pol II progression, rather than recruitment to nucleosome-depleted stress promoters, in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

In the fission yeast, the MAP kinase Sty1 and the transcription factor Atf1 regulate up to 400 genes in response to environmental signals, and both proteins have been shown to bind to their promoters in a stress-dependent manner. In a genetic search, we have isolated the histone H3 acetyltransferase Gcn5, a component of the SAGA complex, as being essential for oxidative stress survival and activation of those genes. Upon stress, Gcn5 is recruited to promoters and coding sequences of stress genes in a Sty1- and Atf1-dependent manner, causing both an enhanced acetylation of histone H3 and nucleosome eviction. Unexpectedly, recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is not impaired in Δgcn5 cells. We show here that stress genes display a 400-bp long nucleosome depleted region upstream of the transcription start site even prior to activation. Stress treatment does not alter promoter nucleosome architecture, but induces eviction of the downstream nucleosomes at stress genes, which is not observed in Δgcn5 cells. We conclude that, while Pol II is recruited to nucleosome-free stress promoters in a transcription factor dependent manner, Gcn5 mediates eviction of nucleosomes positioned downstream of promoters, allowing efficient Pol II progression along the genes

Mis casos clínicos de especialidades odontológicas

Libro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasLibro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Campeche Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

El papel de los sistemas de relevo de fosfatos en la respuesta al estrés y la diferenciación celular en Aspergillus nidulans /

\ua0tesis que para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Bioquímicas, presenta Itzel Aidé Vargas Pérez ; asesor Dimitris Georgellis. VIII, 66 páginas :\ua0ilustraciones. Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas\ua0UNAM, Instituto de Fisiología Celular,\ua0200

Hacia una antropología económica de las formas contemporáneas de ganarse la vida

This article presents a set of theoretical reflections to guide the study of social reproduction in rural societies. Neoliberal globalization processes are considered to have resulted in the despecialization of local economies, which has led to the diversification of the basis of reproduction, including irregular access to wage employment and articulation, unequal and discontinuous, of wage labor and wageless life. It is proposed the study of the diverse ways in which rural populations making their living as an anthropological alternative to study the contemporary processes of social reproduction.En este artículo se presenta un conjunto de reflexiones teóricas para orientar el estudio de la reproducción social en sociedades rurales. Se considera que los procesos de globalización neoliberal han derivado en la des-especialización de las economías locales, lo que ha redundado en la diversificación de bases de reproducción dentro de las que se incluye tanto el acceso irregular al empleo asalariado, como la articulación desigual y discontinua de éste con la vida sin salario. Se propone el estudio de los modos diversos en que las poblaciones rurales se ganan la vida como alternativa antropológica para estudiar los procesos contemporáneos de reproducción social

Creencias sobre la pandemia y las medidas de protección en pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias por probable COVID-19

In Mexico, the positive cases for SARS-CoV-2 is high, with almost two million infected and about 150 thousand deaths, in what is called the «second wave». One of the explanations for this phenomenon is the lack of adherence to sanitary measures that are closely related to culture and beliefs. Objective: To identify the most frequent beliefs about the pandemic and the protection measures of patients who come to the emergency department due to probable COVID-19. Material and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out. One hundred patients who came to the respiratory triage unit for referring symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 from a second-level hospital were invited. Patients with ventilatory assistance or severely ill were excluded. An interview of 12 dichotomous answer questions was conducted and they were reported as percentages. Results: One hundred volunteers were interviewed with data suggestive of COVID-19. The mean age was 50.96 ± 14.9 years, 54% (n = 54) were men with an educational level higher than secondary in 52%. Thirty-three respondents reported having been infected by a relative. 24% of the interviewees accepted that they did not believe in the existence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus before becoming infected (it increased to 44.8% in men with secondary school or less), 10% did not use mouthwash. Men believed less in the existence of the virus (21 of 54) (p = 0.003). 43.75% of the volunteers with a high school education level or less believed that the hospitals extracted fluid from their knees (21 of 48) (p = 0.013). Conclusions: In the present study, a quarter of the respondents did not believe in the existence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and it increased with male volunteers of low educational level, likewise, most were not vaccinated against influenza and a third believed that fluid was taken from patients’ knees and left to die in hospitals.En México los casos positivos para SARS-CoV-2 son altos, con casi dos millones de contagiados y cerca de 150,000 fallecidos, en lo que se denomina la «segunda ola». Una de las explicaciones de tal fenómeno es la falta de apego a las medidas sanitarias que se relacionan estrechamente con la cultura y las creencias. Objetivo: Identificar las creencias más frecuentes sobre la pandemia y las medidas de protección de los pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias por probable COVID-19. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio trasversal analítico. Se invitó a 100 pacientes que acudieron a la unidad de triaje respiratorio por referir síntomas sugestivos de COVID-19 de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención. Se excluyó a los pacientes con asistencia ventilatoria o graves. Se realizó una entrevista de 12 preguntas de respuesta dicotómica y se reportaron como porcentajes. Resultados: Se entrevistó a 100 voluntarios con datos sugestivos de COVID-19. La edad media fue de 50.96 ± 14.9 años, 54% (n = 54) eran hombres con un nivel educativo superior a secundaria en 52%; de los encuestados, 33% refirieron haber sido contagiados por un familiar, 24% aceptaron que no creían en la existencia del virus del SARS-CoV-2 antes de infectarse (porcentaje que incrementaba a 44.8% en hombres con secundaria o menos), 10% no usaba cubrebocas. Los hombres creían menos en la existencia del virus (21 de 54) (p = 0.003), 43.75% de los voluntarios con un nivel educativo de secundaria o menos creían que en los hospitales se les extraía líquido de las rodillas (21 de 48) (p = 0.013). Conclusiones: En el presente trabajo un cuarto de los encuestados no creía en la existencia del virus SARS-CoV-2, el cual se incrementaba en los hombres voluntarios de nivel educativo bajo. Asimismo, la mayoría no estaban vacunados contra la influenza y un tercio tenía la creencia de que se les extraía líquido de la rodilla a los pacientes y se les dejaba morir en los hospitales

Gcn5 facilitates Pol II progression, rather than recruitment to nucleosome-depleted stress promoters, in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

In the fission yeast, the MAP kinase Sty1 and the transcription factor Atf1 regulate up to 400 genes in response to environmental signals, and both proteins have been shown to bind to their promoters in a stress-dependent manner. In a genetic search, we have isolated the histone H3 acetyltransferase Gcn5, a component of the SAGA complex, as being essential for oxidative stress survival and activation of those genes. Upon stress, Gcn5 is recruited to promoters and coding sequences of stress genes in a Sty1- and Atf1-dependent manner, causing both an enhanced acetylation of histone H3 and nucleosome eviction. Unexpectedly, recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is not impaired in Δgcn5 cells. We show here that stress genes display a 400-bp long nucleosome depleted region upstream of the transcription start site even prior to activation. Stress treatment does not alter promoter nucleosome architecture, but induces eviction of the downstream nucleosomes at stress genes, which is not observed in Δgcn5 cells. We conclude that, while Pol II is recruited to nucleosome-free stress promoters in a transcription factor dependent manner, Gcn5 mediates eviction of nucleosomes positioned downstream of promoters, allowing efficient Pol II progression along the genes.Funding for open access charge: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (BFU2009-06933), PLAN E and FEDER, by the Spanish program Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Grant CSD 2007-0020, and by SGR2009-196 from Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain) (to E.H.). E.H. and J.A. are recipients of an ICREA Academia Award (Generalitat de Catalunya