Investigating paired comparisons after principal component analysis

publishedVersionsubmittedVersio

P10 25. ¿Aumenta la extracción endoscópica de vena safena las complicaciones inmediatas en los pacientes coronarios?

ObjetivoEn 2009 se ha empleado en nuestro centro la extracción endoscópica de vena safena (EEVS). Analizamos si tiene un impacto inmediato en infarto perioperatorio y supervivencia.Material y métodosSe han analizado todos los pacientes coronarios aislados intervenidos en 2009. Se emplearon el Vasoview 6 y Hemopro.La duración de la intervención, estancia en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), troponina postoperatoria y necesidad de aminas fueron comparadas en ambos grupos.ResultadosFueron intervenidos 291 pacientes de revascularización coronaria aislada, con un 28,5% de EEVS.Edad media 67,38 (36-83), varones 79,4%. El 47,6% fue cirugía sin bomba extracorpórea. Mortalidad global del 2,9%. Se realizaron una media de 2,64 (desviación estándar [DE] 0,904) injertos/paciente, con un tiempo total medio de quirófano de 5,83 h (DE 1,18).No precisó soporte inotrópico el 65%, y a dosis bajas en el 25,6%. Troponina máxima 0,701 (0,1-12,5). Estancia mediana en UCI 1 día (1-30).La duración de la intervención fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes con EEVS (5,68 h vs 6,41 h; p = 0,005).La troponina máxima fue ligeramente superior en el grupo de extracción convencional (0,73 vs 0,65; p = 0,667), no significativa. No hubo diferencias significativas en duración media del ingreso en UCI, ni en necesidad de soporte inotrópico.ConclusiónLa EEVS no produce repercusión precoz en cuanto a infarto perioperatorio/duración de UCI, aunque se precisa seguimiento para estimar diferencias a largo plazo.La EEVS prolonga la duración de la intervención dada su mayor complejidad técnica

Pharmacogenetics, tobacco, alcohol and its effect on the risk development cancer

Indexación: Scopus; Scielo.Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, causing 8.8 million deaths in 2015 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Risk factors for cancer include smoking and alcohol consumption. In Chile, 33.6% of the population and 21.2% of young people smokes. Alcohol consumption in the Chilean population is 74.5% and 12.2% in young people. Among the physiological factors that influence the development of cancer, the genetic factor plays a relevant role. It has been shown that the presence of genetic polymorphisms that alter the ability of the body to eliminate contaminants increase the risk of developing cancer. The same applies to polymorphisms that prevent DNA repair due to damage caused by environmental pollutants such as cigarette smoke. The objective of this review is to analyze the state of the art of the relationship between pharmacogenetics, smoking, and alcohol consumption as risk factors for the development of cancer. In conclusion, the results suggest that the presence of polymorphisms that alter the function of biotransformation enzymes phase I (CYP1A1, CYP1E1) and phase II (GST), as well as polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes (ERCC1 / ERCC2), increase the risk of cancer induced by smoking and alcohol consumption. This association is important considering that smoking and drinking alcohol are highly prevalent among the Chilean population. © 2018, Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria. All rights reserved.Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, causing 8.8 million deaths in 2015 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Risk factors for cancer include smoking and alcohol con sumption. In Chile, 33.6% of the population and 21.2% of young people smokes. Alcohol consump tion in the Chilean population is 74.5% and 12.2% in young people. Among the physiological factors that influence the development of cancer, the genetic factor plays a relevant role. It has been shown that the presence of genetic polymorphisms that alter the ability of the body to eliminate contami nants increase the risk of developing cancer. The same applies to polymorphisms that prevent DNA repair due to damage caused by environmental pollutants such as cigarette smoke. The objective of this review is to analyze the state of the art of the relationship between pharmacogenetics, smoking, and alcohol consumption as risk factors for the development of cancer. In conclusion, the results suggest that the presence of polymorphisms that alter the function of biotransformation enzymes phase I (CYP1A1, CYP1E1) and phase II (GST), as well as polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes (ERCC1 / ERCC2), increase the risk of cancer induced by smoking and alcohol consumption. This association is important considering that smoking and drinking alcohol are highly prevalent among the Chilean population.https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0370-41062018005000709&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=e

Practical and ethical challenges of a North-South partnership

INTRODUCTION The Departments of Surgery at the University of North Carolina (UNC) and Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi, formed a partnership of service, training, and research in 2008. We report a case of recurrent pancreatitis leading to pancreatic necrosis treated at KCH. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 42 year-old male presented to KCH with his fourth episode of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. He had tachycardia, guarding, rebound tenderness, and free fluid on abdominal ultrasonography. He underwent laparotomy and had fat saponification with pancreatic necrosis. A large drain was placed, he was given antibiotics, and he recovered. He had normal lipids, no gallstones, and did not consume alcohol. He was encouraged to seek further evaluation with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or computed tomography in South Africa, however this was prohibitively expensive. DISCUSSION This case illustrates the limitations that are often faced by surgeons visiting developing countries. What we consider standard resources and treatment algorithms in managing necrotizing pancreatitis in developed countries (such as serum lipase and percutaneous interventions) were not available. CONCLUSION Visiting surgeons and trainees must be both familiar with local resource limitations and aware of the implications of such limitations on patient care. To support training and promote advances in health care, local surgeons and trainees should understand optimal treatment strategies regardless of their particular resource limitations. North-South partnerships are an excellent means to uphold our professional obligation to humanity, promote health care as a right, and shape the future of health care in developing countries

Selective turn-on fluorescence detection of cyanide in water using hydrophobic CdSe quantum dots

The ability of 2,2'-bipyridine-bound copper(II) ions to quench the photoluminescence of hydrophobic CdSe quantum dots is used to create a novel, selective turn-on fluorescence cyanide sensor

Characterization of Dunaliella salina strains by flow cytometry: a new approach to select carotenoid hyperproducing strains

In the present work the characterization of different strains of Dunaliella salina from established cell culture collections and various isolates from solar saltworks located in the Canary Island, as well as one mutant, was carried out in order to assess the existence of intraspecific differences and to determine the potential productivity of each one. Morphological characteristics such as cellular size and cellular complexity and parameters linked to cellular physiology, such as pigment content or cellular growth rate, were determined by means of traditional techniques as well as flow cytometry. Results showed a high morphological and physiological intraspecific variability among the studied strains. Results suggest that the application of the lipidic dye Nile red allowed the development of a cytometric method faster than the traditional techniques to select carotenoid hyperproducing strains of microalgae

Four millennia of Iberian biomolecular prehistory illustrate the impact of prehistoric migrations at the far end of Eurasia

Population genomic studies of ancient human remains have shown how modern-day European population structure has been shaped by a number of prehistoric migrations. The Neolithization of Europe has been associated with large-scale migrations from Anatolia, which was followed by migrations of herders from the Pontic steppe at the onset of the Bronze Age. Southwestern Europe was one of the last parts of the continent reached by these migrations, and modern-day populations from this region show intriguing similarities to the initial Neolithic migrants. Partly due to climatic conditions that are unfavorable for DNA preservation, regional studies on the Mediterranean remain challenging. Here, we present genome-wide sequence data from 13 individuals combined with stable isotope analysis from the north and south of Iberia covering a four-millennial temporal transect (7, 500–3, 500 BP). Early Iberian farmers and Early Central European farmers exhibit significant genetic differences, suggesting two independent fronts of the Neolithic expansion. The first Neolithic migrants that arrived in Iberia had low levels of genetic diversity, potentially reflecting a small number of individuals; this diversity gradually increased over time from mixing with local hunter-gatherers and potential population expansion. The impact of post-Neolithic migrations on Iberia was much smaller than for the rest of the continent, showing little external influence from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Paleodietary reconstruction shows that these populations have a remarkable degree of dietary homogeneity across space and time, suggesting a strong reliance on terrestrial food resources despite changing culture and genetic make-up

Forecasting maize yield at field scale based on high-resolution satellite imagery

Estimating maize (Zea mays L.) yields at the field level is of great interest to farmers, service dealers, and policy-makers. The main objectives of this study were to: i) provide guidelines on data selection for building yield forecasting models using Sentinel-2 imagery; ii) compare different statistical techniques and vegetation indices (VIs) during model building; and iii) perform spatial and temporal validation to see if empirical models could be applied to other regions or when models' coefficients should be updated. Data analysis was divided into four steps: i) data acquisition and preparation; ii) selection of training data; iii) building of forecasting models; and iv) spatial and temporal validation. Analysis was performed using yield data collected from 19 maize fields located in Brazil (2016 and 2017) and in the United States (2016), and normalized vegetation indices (NDVI, green NDVI and red edge NDVI) derived from Sentinel-2. Main outcomes from this study were: i) data selection impacted yield forecast model and fields with narrow yield variability and/or with skewed data distribution should be avoided; ii) models considering spatial correlation of residuals outperformed Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression; iii) red edge NDVI was most frequently retained into the model compared with the other VIs; and iv) model prediction power was more sensitive to yield data frequency distribution than to the geographical distance or years. Thus, this study provided guidelines to build more accurate maize yield forecasting models, but also established limitations for up-scaling, from farm-level to county, district, and state-scales.Publicado originalmente en: Rai A. Schwalbert, Telmo J.C. Amado, Luciana Nieto, Sebastian Varela, Geomar M. Corassa, Tiago A.N. Horbe, Charles W. Rice, Nahuel R. Peralta, Ignacio A. Ciampitti. Forecasting maize yield at field scale based on high-resolution satellite imagery. Biosystem Engineering. 171: 179–192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2018.04.020Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ