La perspectiva de los profesionales en la evaluación de un programa de intervención socioeducativa en familias

RESUMEN: El programa de competencia familiar (PCF, adaptación española del Strengthening Families Program) es evaluado a partir de la perspectiva de los profesionales responsables de la implementación (formadores y coordinadores). Se trata de un programa dirigido a diversos colectivos con dificultades sociales. El programa tiene como objetivos la reducción de los factores de riesgo, el refuerzo de los factores de protección en los hijos e hijas y la mejora de las relaciones paterno-filiales. El objetivo del estudio es recoger la valoración que hacen los profesionales responsables de la implementación del programa sobre los cambios observados en las familias, la idoneidad del programa, y la adecuación del perfil seleccionado de familias. Igualmente, se valoran los recursos personales y profesionales que han facilitado la tarea de los equipos de implementación (coordinadores y formadores) y las dificultades existentes. La evaluación de los formadores y coordinadores aporta información básica para conocer cómo se ha desarrollado la implementación. Para ello hemos sumado a los instrumentos de evaluación ya existentes, la aplicación de un cuestionario que combina preguntas de respuesta abierta y cerrada y nos permite ahondar en el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo del proceso y resultados de implementación. Los principales resultados apuntan transformaciones positivas en las familias, la idoneidad del PCF como instrumento y la mejora en la relación entre los profesionales y las familias. Las evaluaciones de los profesionales son fundamentales para conocer mejor el desarrollo del programa, constituyendo un instrumento de comunicación y legitimación del rol de los formadores y coordinadores

Spontaneous brain activity in healthy aging: an overview through fluctuations and regional homogeneity

Introduction: This study aims to explore whole-brain resting-state spontaneous brain activity using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) strategies to find differences among age groups within a population ranging from middle age to older adults. Methods: The sample comprised 112 healthy persons (M = 68.80, SD = 7.99) aged 48-89 who were split into six age groups (< 60, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, and ≥ 80). Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and ReHo analyses were performed and were compared among the six age groups, and the significant results commonly found across groups were correlated with the gray matter volume of the areas and the age variable. Results: Increased activity was found using fALFF in the superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus when comparing the first group and the fifth. Regarding ReHo analysis, Group 6 showed increased ReHo in the temporal lobe (hippocampus), right and left precuneus, right caudate, and right and left thalamus depending on the age group. Moreover, significant correlations between age and fALFF and ReHo clusters, as well as with their gray matter volume were found, meaning that the higher the age, the higher the regional synchronization, the lower the fALFF activation, and the lower gray matter of the right thalamus. Conclusion: Both techniques have been shown to be valuable and usable tools for disentangling brain changes in activation in a very low interval of years in healthy aging

Co-crystal of Tramadol-Celecoxib in Patients with Moderate to Severe Acute Post-surgical Oral Pain: A Dose-Finding, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active-Controlled, Multicentre, Phase II Trial

Background Co-crystal of tramadol-celecoxib (CTC), containing equimolar quantities of the active pharmaceu- tical ingredients (APIs) tramadol and celecoxib (100 mg CTC = 44 mg rac-tramadol hydrochloride and 56 mg celecoxib), is a novel API-API co-crystal for the treatment of pain. We aimed to establish the effective dose of CTC for treating acute pain following oral surgery. Methods A dose-finding, double-blind, randomised, pla- cebo- and active-controlled, multicentre (nine Spanish hospitals), phase II study (EudraCT number: 2011-002778- 21) was performed in male and female patients aged C 18 years experiencing moderate to severe pain following extraction of two or more impacted third molars requiring bone removal. Eligible patients were randomised via a computer-generated list to receive one of six single-dose treatments (CTC 50, 100, 150, 200 mg; tramadol 100 mg; and placebo). The primary efficacy endpoint was the sum of pain intensity difference (SPID) over 8 h assessed in the per-protocol population. Results Between 10 February 2012 and 13 February 2013, 334 patients were randomised and received study treat- ment: 50 mg (n = 55), 100 mg (n = 53), 150 mg (n = 57), or 200 mg (n = 57) of CTC, 100 mg tramadol (n = 58), or placebo (n = 54). CTC 100, 150, and 200 mg showed significantly higher efficacy compared with placebo and/or tramadol in all measures: SPID (0-8 h) (mean [standard deviation]): - 90 (234), - 139 (227), - 173 (224), 71 (213), and 22 (228), respectively. The proportion of patients experiencing treatment-emergent adverse events was lower in the 50 (12.7% [n = 7]), 100 (11.3% [n = 6]), and 150 (15.8% [n = 9]) mg CTC groups, and similar in the 200 mg (29.8% [n = 17]) CTC group, compared with the tramadol group (29.3% [n = 17]), with nausea, dizzi- ness, and vomiting the most frequent events. Conclusion Significant improvement in the benefit-risk ratio was observed for CTC (doses C 100 mg) over tra- madol and placebo in the treatment of acute pain following oral surgery

COVID-19 lockdown moderately increased oligotrophy at a marine coastal site

8 pages, 4 figures, 2 figures, supplementary figures https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151443.COVID-19 has led to global population lockdowns that have had indirect effects on terrestrial and marine fauna, yet little is known on their effects on marine planktonic communities. We analysed the effect of the spring 2020 lockdown in a marine coastal area in Blanes Bay, NW Mediterranean. We compared a set of 23 oceanographic, microbial and biogeochemical variables sampled right after the strict lockdown in Spain, with data from the previous 15 years after correcting for long-term trends. Our analysis shows a series of changes in the microbial communities which may have been induced by the combination of the decreased nitrogen atmospheric load, the lower wastewater flux and the reduced fishing activity in the area, among other factors. In particular, we detected a slight decrease beyond the long-term trend in chlorophyll a, in the abundance of several microbial groups (phototrophic nanoflagellates and total prokaryotes) and in prokaryotic activity (heterotrophic prokaryotic production and β-glucosidase activity) which, as a whole, resulted in a moderate increase of oligotrophy in Blanes Bay after the lockdown.Data from the specific sampling in 2020 were supported by the MIAU project of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN (RTI2018-101025-B-I00), while previous years were supported by many Spanish and EU projects. Other projects of the MICINN also supported this research: DOGMA (PID2020-112653GB-I00), DIVAS (PID2019-108457RB-I00), and HICCUP (RTI2018-095083-B-I00). We thank Amanda Con and Juan Rodríguez for providing data of the Blanes WWTP. We sincerely thank Irene Forn, Carolina Antequera, Arturo Lucas, Elisabet Laia Sà and Vanessa Balagué for their invaluable laboratory work. The work of the authors was supported by Generalitat de Catalunya Grups de Recerca Consolidats 2017SGR1568 and 2017SGR1011. This study acknowledges institutional support from the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S).Peer reviewe

El Miocè inferior de la conca del Vallès-Penedès : un registre excepcional dels canvis climàtics i faunístics

Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Les tasques de camp es van poder dur a terme gràcies al suport del Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya (projecte 2014/100584) i la National Geographic Society (beca d'exploració ref. 9640-15).Les intervencions paleontològiques recents han mostrat que el registre de vertebrats continentals del Miocè inferior de la conca del Vallès-Penedès és molt més ric i continu del que es pensava. Avui dia es coneixen una vintena de jaciments que han lliurat tant microvertebrats com macrovertebrats. Els nostres estudis biostratigràfics han permès una datació precisa dels diferents jaciments i també dels principals esdeveniments faunístics i climàtics

Impact of a Primary Care Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Bacterial Resistance Control and Ecological Imprint in Urinary Tract Infections

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are a central component in reducing the overprescription of unnecessary antibiotics, with multiple studies showing benefits in the reduction of bacterial resistance. Less commonly, ASPs have been performed in outpatient settings, but there is a lack of available data in these settings. We implemented an ASP in a large regional outpatient setting to assess its feasibility and effectiveness. Over a 5-year post-implementation period, compared to the pre-intervention period, a significant reduction in antibiotic prescription occurred, with a reduction in resistance in E. coli urinary isolates. ASP activities also were found to be cost-effective, with a reduction in medication prescription

Trends in the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections; towards a paradigm shift, Spain, 2007 to 2019

Altres ajuts: Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya ("Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS) 2019-2021"); Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI).Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are frequent healthcare-associated infections and an important cause of death. Aim: To analyse changes in CRBSI epidemiology observed by the Infection Control Catalan Programme (VINCat). Methods: A cohort study including all hospital-acquired CRBSI episodes diagnosed at 55 hospitals (2007-2019) in Catalonia, Spain, was prospectively conducted. CRBSI incidence rates were adjusted per 1,000patientdays. To assess the CRBSI rate trend per year, negative binomial models were used, with the number of events as the dependent variable, and the year as the main independent variable. From each model, the annual rate of CRBSI diagnosed per 1,000patientdays and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results: During the study, 9,290 CRBSI episodes were diagnosed (mean annual incidence rate:0.20episodes/1,000patientdays). Patients' median age was 64.1years; 36.6% (3,403/9,290) were female. In total, 73.7% (n=6,845) of CRBSI occurred in non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, 62.7% (n=5,822) were related to central venous catheter (CVC), 24.1% (n=2,236) to peripheral venous catheters (PVC) and 13.3% (n=1,232) to peripherally-inserted central venous catheters (PICVC). Incidence rate fell over the study period (IRR:0.94;95%CI:0.93-0.96), especially in the ICU (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.89). As a whole, while episodes of CVC CRBSI fell significantly (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.91), peripherally-inserted catheter CRBSI (PVC and PICVC) rose, especially in medical wards (IRR PICVC:1.08;95%CI:1.05-1.11; IRR PVC: 1.03; 95% 1.00-1.05). Conclusions: Over the study, CRBSIs associated with CVC and diagnosed in ICUs decreased while episodes in conventional wards involving peripherally-inserted catheters increased. Hospitals should implement preventive measures in conventional wards

Videodocumental y teaser 360º "Campaña Antártica Española: Ciencia en el Polo Sur"

Proyección en el Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC)Pocas áreas geográficas de nuestro planeta son tan fascinantes y, a su vez, tan desconocidas como las regiones polares. Su gran interés científico reside en el importante y decisivo papel que juegan en la dinámica y el futuro de nuestro planeta, especialmente en el actual contexto de cambio global, ya que las regiones polares son los grandes y principales motores reguladores del clima de la Tierra. Los drásticos cambios que están sufriendo en respuesta al aumento de temperatura, ocasionado por el incremento en la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero como consecuencia de las actividades humanas, están afectando directamente a la dinámica climática, oceanográfica y ambiental, tanto de los propios polos como de latitudes extrapolares. La Plataforma Temática Interdisciplinar (PTI) Polar CSIC presenta el videodocumental y teaser 360º ‘Campaña Antártica Española: Ciencia en el Polo Sur’, una iniciativa que ha contado con la participación del Comité Polar Español (CPE), el Instituto Geociencias Barcelona (GEO3BCN-CSIC) y el Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM-CSIC). La presentación se celebra en el Instituto de Ciencias del Mar del CSIC, en Barcelona, y cuenta con la participación de Sonia Ramos (Comité Polar Español), Fernando Bohoyo (gestor del programa polar en la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Dolors Vaqué (Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, SCAR), Joan Riba (Unidad de Tecnología Marina, UTM) y Pepe Molina (fotógrafo y videoartista)Peer reviewe

EGEO : la estructura geográfica de una base de conocimiento

En la presente contribución se describe la Estructura Geográfica (EGEO) que forma parte del banco de contenidos (BCP) desarrollado en el grupo Planeta. Dicha descripción incide tanto en las bases formales y constructivas del EGEO en sí, como en su interrelación funcional y de diseño con la base de conocimiento en general