Les erreurs médicamenteuses en pédiatrie: quels problèmes pour les soins infirmiers ?

Revue de la littérature faite dans le cadre du travail de Bachelor en soins infirmiers. Cette revue de la littérature porte sur les erreurs médicamenteuses commises par les infirmières en pédiatrie. À travers le document, nous parcourons les différents facteurs induisant en erreur la préparation et l’administration des médicaments aux enfants hospitalisés dans les services de pédiatrie. D’où ma question de recherche : « Quelles pratiques utilisées par les infirmières en pédiatrie engendrent des erreurs lors de la préparation des médicaments et quels moyens peut-on mettre en place pour les minimiser? » Nous analysons au total huit études dont quatre en soins infirmiers, trois du domaine pharmaceutique et une médicale. Cette analyse a été effectuée à l’aide de la théorie de soin de Jean Watson. Tout au long du document, nous essayons de sensibiliser les infirmières aux erreurs potentielles qu’elles peuvent commettre et l’importance qu’à la déclaration des incidents. Nous apportons également des recommandations pour les unités pédiatriques afin de diminuer les risques d’erreurs. Les principales suggèrent la mise en place d’un système informatisé pour la gestion des dossiers patient ainsi que la mise en place d’une salle ayant pour but la préparation des médicaments. Ils invitent également les infirmières à remplir les rapports d’incidents/accidents car c’est seulement ainsi que l’on peut identifier les problèmes

Use of the generalized estimating equation model in longitudinal data analysis

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o método de Equações de Estimações Generalizadas (GEE) para a análise de dados longitudinais, considerada, em muitas ocasiões da área médica, melhor que a análise de variâncias para medidas repetidas. Para um melhor entendimento, apresentamos um exemplo no programa SPSS, versão 18.0.0, mostrando como esta pode ser realizada e interpretada.The objective of the present manuscript was to describe the method of Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for longitudinal data analysis, which is considered to be better than the analysis of variance for repeated measures in many medical situations. For a better understanding, we present an example using the SPSS, version 18.0.0, and showing how GEE can be performed and interpreted

Estudio de la degradación por Radiación UV en tubos comerciales de PVC en la ciudad de Arequipa

La influencia de la radiación ultravioleta en Arequipa es una de las más altas a nivel mundial, la cual genera la degradación de materiales empleados en la construcción y en otras aplicaciones que se encuentran expuestos en forma continua a la radiación solar. Es bien sabido que el contenido de UV- B de la luz solar afecta negativamente en las propiedades mecánicas de los materiales, limitándolos notoriamente, en algunos casos su vida útil. En este trabajo pondremos de manifiesto el efecto de las radiaciones UV. sobre el poli (cloruro de vinilo), extruido en tubos de distintas marcas. La acción del envejecimiento por radiaciones U. V. se ha seguido a lo largo una determinada cantidad de horas, comprobando las alteraciones producidas en la composición del material, características mecánicas. Los resultados que se obtendrán deberán de alguna manera predecir el comportamiento de los materiales de interés.Tesi

Influence of the Shading on Growth Seedlings of Louro Pirarucu (Licaria canella (Meissn.) Kosterm.)

This paper evaluates the shading effect on seedlings of "Louro Pirarucu" (Licaria canella(Meissn) Kosterm. - Lauraceae). The trial was set up in the nursery at Adolph Ducke forest reserve. The seeds were germinated in wooden boxes with washed sand as a substrate. After seed germination, the seedlings were transplanted to black polyethylene bags. Four levels of shading (0%, 30%, 50% and 70%) is analyzed. Shading treatments were obtained with plastic shade clothes of different meshes. The experimental design was the randomized blocks with split-plot. Shading levels were considered plots and period of harvesting as sub-plots. Evaluations of potted seedlings were done after 30, 60 and 90 days for the following parameters: height, leaf area, leaf area ratio, aerial dry weight and root dry weight. The results suggest that: a) potted seedlings grown under 50% of shade presented higher values of aerial weight and root weight than plants under full sunlight radiation; b) height, leaf area and leaf area ratio were not significantly influenced by shading treatments; c) higher values of height and root weight were observed after 90 days.Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito dos níveis de sombreamento no desenvolvimento de mudas de Louro pirarucu (Licaria canella(Meissn.) Kosterm. - Lauraceae), conduziu-se um ensaio em viveiro na Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar em caixas de madeira contendo areia lavada como substrato e posteriormente foi feito o transplante das mudas para sacos plásticos de cor preta. Utitizou-se quatro diferentes níveis de sombreamento. Os níveis de 30%, 50% e 70% de sombreamento foram obtidos por meio de telas de poliolefinas de cor preta e o nível de 0% a céu aberto. Foi empregado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas; os níveis de sombreamento constituíram as parcelas e os períodos de avaliação das mudas as subparcelas. Após 30,60 e 90 dias de permanência no viveiro, as mudas foram avaliadas quanto à altura, área foliar, razão de área foliar, peso de matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. Baseando-se nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluira) as mudas produzidas sob 50% de sombreamento apresentaram maiores valores de peso da parte aérea e do sistema radicular quando comparadas com 0% de sombreamento ; b) a altura, área foliar e razão de área foliar não foram influenciadas significativamente pelos níveis de sombreamento; c) as mudas com maior desenvolvimento em altura e maior peso do sistema radicular foram obtidas com 90 dias

The obstetrical and newborn profile of postpartum women in maternities in São Paulo

Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and obstetric profile of postpartum women in São Paulo, to check the perinatal data and to identify the type of delivery. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 424 postpartum women. Data was collected through structured interviews and medical records. We used descriptive statistics for analysis. Results: There was a predominance of women between 21 and 30 years (60,6%), mulatto (55,2%), high school education (65,8%), without payment (57,3%), with a partner ( 85,4%), primiparous (34,9%) and without previous abortion (78.8%). The vaginal delivery was performed in 58,3% of women. Most newborns were male (52,2%), with appropriate weight and height (89,5% and 80,7%), and na Apgar score between eight and ten in the first minutes of life (> 90,0%). Conclusion: There was a predominance of women with little education and unfavorable financial conditions, factors that hinder access to health services, contributing to increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality

Influence of temperature and substrate on seeds germination of itaubarana (Acosmium nitens (Vog.) Yakovlev) - Leguminosae, Caesalpinoideae

Acosmium nitens (Vog.) Yakovlev (Itaubarana), Leguminosae Caesalpinoideae, is an important timber species, which occurs in "varzea" (annualy flooded) Amazonian forests. This paper deals with germination rates of itaubarana, which were determined for seeds sown under different temperature and substrate conditions. The mean time lenght for germination was also included as measurement parameters. The experiment was carried out using a two-factor design with balanced data considering the effects of constant temperatures (20, 25, 30 e 35°C) and substrates (sand, paper and vermiculite) on the germination rates. Each level was replicated four times, and each replication contained twenty-five seeds. The results showed that seeds did not germinated when they were sown over paper at temperatures of 30 and 35°C. High seed germination rates were observed on the substrate over vermiculite at all temperatures tested, with rates ranging from 87 to 97%. The combination of temperature of 30°C and substrate over vermiculite showed to be adequate for seed germination; under this condition, the highest germination rate (97%) was obtained with a mean time lengh of approximately 5,0 days. For substrate over sand, temperatures of 20, 25 and 30°C provided the highest seed germination rates when compared with a temperature of 35°C. For temperatures of 30 and 35°C, the substrate over vermiculite provided the highest germination rate when compared with the other substrates.Acosmium nitens (Vog.) Yakovlev (Itaubarana), Leguminosae Caesalpinoideae, é uma espécie madeireira e ocorre em áreas inundáveis da Amazônia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a germinação de sementes de itaubarana sob diferentes condições de temperatura e substrato, utilizando-se como parâmetros a porcentagem e o tempo médio de germinação. Realizou-se um experimento, de acordo com o fatorial 4x3, nas temperaturas constantes de 20, 25, 30 e 35°C e utilizando os substratos sobre areia (S.A), sobre papel (S.P) e sobre vermiculita (S.V). O delineamento estatístico empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram que não ocorreu germinação das sementes quando semeadas sobre papel nas temperaturas de 30 e 35°C. Para o substrato vermiculita, em todas as temperaturas testadas, foram observadas altas taxas de germinação das sementes com valores variando de 87 a 97%. A temperatura de 30°C juntamente com o substrato vermiculita mostrou-se mais adequada para a germinação das sementes; nesta condição foi obtida a maior taxa de germinação (97%) com tempo médio de aproximadamente 5,0 dias. Para o substrato sobre areia, as temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30°C proporcionaram maiores porcentagens de germinação das sementes quando comparadas com a temperatura de 35°C. Para as temperaturas de 30 e 35°C, o substrato sobre vermiculita proporcionou maior taxa de germinação quando comparado aos demais substratos

Influência da temperatura e da água sobre a germinação de sementes de Paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke - Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae)

Paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) is a tree species of the Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae botanical family. This species has been used in rehabilitation programs for of degraded areas and it has good acceptance at local timber markets as well. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different water contents in the substrate and temperatures on germination of S. amazonicum. Seeds were immersed in sulfuric acid for 50 minutes in order to break the impermeability of the seed-coat. After this, they were seeded over Germitest paper rolls wetted with water contents (mL.g -1 paper) equivalent to 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 times the substrate mass without new water addition, and they were maintained in chambers at constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 35°C. In addition to the germination percentage, the speed of germination index and length of primary roots and hypocotyl of normal seedlings were also evaluated. A completely randomized design was used with a 4x3 factorial. The best germination performance was observed at temperatures of 25, 30 and 35°C combining with water contents of 2.5 and 3 times the paper mass. The germination speed was favored by temperatures of 30 and 35°C as well as by the largest water content, which corresponded to 3 times the paper mass. The best results related to root and hypocotyl development were observed in treatments involving water content 3 times the paper mass at a temperature of 25°C