A tiny taxonomic thorn: Brevianthus hypocanthidium and Aponardia huerlimannii are one and the same.

Brevianthus hypocanthidium and Aponardia huerlimannii are found to be synonymous and the new combination Brevianthus huerlimannii is made

Photochemistry of a 9-Dithianyl-Pyronin Derivative: A Cornucopia of Reaction Intermediates Lead to Common Photoproducts

Leaving groups attached to themeso-methyl position of many common dyes, such as xanthene, BODIPY, or pyronin derivatives, can be liberated upon irradiation with visible light. However, the course of phototransformations of such photoactivatable systems can be quite complex and the identification of reaction intermediates or even products is often neglected. This paper exemplifies the photochemistry of a 9-dithianyl-pyronin derivative, which undergoes an oxidative transformation at themeso-position to give a 3,6-diamino-9H-xanthen-9-one derivative, formic acid, and carbon monoxide as the main photoproducts. The course of this multi-photon multi-step reaction was studied under various conditions by steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to understand the effects of solvents and molecular oxygen on individual steps. Our analyses have revealed the existence of many intermediates and their interrelationships to provide a complete picture of the transformation, which can bring new inputs to a rational design of new photoactivatable pyronin or xanthene derivatives

Molecular and Morphological Evidence Challenges the Records of the Extant Liverwort Ptilidium pulcherrimum in Eocene Baltic Amber

Preservation of liverworts in amber, a fossilized tree resin, is often exquisite. Twenty-three fossil species of liverworts have been described to date from Eocene (35-50 Ma) Baltic amber. In addition, two inclusions have been assigned to the extant species Ptilidium pulcherrimum (Ptilidiales or Porellales). However, the presence of the boreal P. pulcherrimum in the subtropical or warm-temperate Baltic amber forest challenges the phytogeographical interpretation of the Eocene flora. A re-investigation of one of the fossils believed to be P. pulcherrimum reveals that this specimen in fact represents the first fossil evidence of the genus Tetralophozia, and thus is re-described here as Tetralophozia groehnii sp. nov. A second fossil initially assigned to P. pulcherrimum is apparently lost, and can be reassessed only based on the original description and illustrations. This fossil is morphologically similar to the extant North Pacific endemic Ptilidium californicum, rather than P. pulcherrimum. Divergence time estimates based on chloroplast DNA sequences provide evidence of a Miocene origin of P. pulcherrimum, and thus also argue against the presence of this taxon in the Eocene. Ptilidium californicum originated 25-43 Ma ago. As a result, we cannot rule out that the Eocene fossil belongs to P. californicum. Alternatively, the fossil might represent a stem lineage element of Ptilidium or an early crown group species with morphological similarities to P. californicum

World checklist of hornworts and liverworts

A working checklist of accepted taxa worldwide is vital in achieving the goal of developing an online flora of all known plants by 2020 as part of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. We here present the first-ever worldwide checklist for liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) that includes 7486 species in 398 genera representing 92 families from the two phyla. The checklist has far reaching implications and applications, including providing a valuable tool for taxonomists and systematists, analyzing phytogeographic and diversity patterns, aiding in the assessment of floristic and taxonomic knowledge, and identifying geographical gaps in our understanding of the global liverwort and hornwort flora. The checklist is derived from a working data set centralizing nomenclature, taxonomy and geography on a global scale. Prior to this effort a lack of centralization has been a major impediment for the study and analysis of species richness, conservation and systematic research at both regional and global scales. The success of this checklist, initiated in 2008, has been underpinned by its community approach involving taxonomic specialists working towards a consensus on taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution

The distribution of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae in Europe and Macaronesia -- Update 1-427

Five years have passed since the last checklist with distributional data was published for European liverworts and hornworts. The present list updates the nomenclature, taxonomy and distribution, as well as Red List categories, for the liverworts and hornworts of Europe and Macaronesia.</p

&lt;I&gt;Gymnomitrion adustum&lt;/I&gt; - a liverwort new to Slovakia and Poland found in the Tatra Mts (Western Carpathians)

Gymnomitrion adustum has been erroneously reported from Slovakia and Poland on several occasions. These data were published between 1865 and 1961 for the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) area. Gymnomitrion adustum was mistaken for Gymnomitrion brevissimum and some species of the genus Marsupella, such as M. sprucei, M. funckii and M. condensata. This paper presents the first records of Gymnomitrion adustum in 23 localities in the Tatra Mts (20 from Slovakia and 3 from Poland), as well as characteristics of the diagnostic features of this species. In most of the European countries where G. adustum has been recorded, this liverwort is included in red lists of endangered species; this is a rare species in the Slovakian Tatra Mts, and it is very rare in the Polish Tatra Mts.</p

DNA-based identification of &lt;I&gt;Herbertus&lt;/I&gt; species on Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean

Based on phylogenetic analyses of nrITS sequences and accompanying morphological investigations, several accessions of Herbertus from the South Atlantic Gough Island were identified as Herbertus runcinatus or Herbertus sendtneri. The Gough Island accession of H. sendtneri incorporated in the molecular study is nested in a tropical American clade of H. sendtneri, and is placed sister to a Bolivian accession. Both species are new to Gough Island.</p

Synchronization of the GPS Coordinates Between Mobile Device and Oracle Database System

Abstract — The article describes an architecture and implementation of module for acquiring a synchronization of GPS data between mobile device and central database system. The process of data exchange is inspired by SAMD algorithm. The article sequentially presents a solution of individual system components. Special attention is paid to the exchange data format. The processing of the exchanged data is also described in detail. The resulting solution was deployed and tested in a real production environment. Index Terms — GPS, SAMD algorithm,synchronization, Oracle Database, web application, Android platform, PL/SQL, XML, Google Maps I