Nuevas modalidades de participación ciudadana en ciencia: hibridación, satelización y despatrimonialización

I La emergencia de los tecnocidanos 1. Legos, amateurs, nerds y tecnoácratas. 1.1 La construcción social de los públicos de la ciencia 1.2 La demanda social de participación en ciencia 1.3 Tecnoacracia: de los amateurs a los hackers 2. Criptopolíticas: activismo y tecnologías de despliegue 2.1 La ciencia como gestión de datos 2.2 La GPL como motor de Internet 2.3 Bien común y open access II La movilización de los tecnocidanos 3. Movilización de híbridos: nuevos actores y nuevos consensos 3.1 La irrupción de los híbridos 3.2 La política de los casos: tablas y comentarios 4. Satelización de e-sujetos: cálculo distribuido y popular power 4.1. Grid computing y wifi networks: la próxima revolución 4.2 La política de los casos: tablas y comentarios 5. Despatrimonialización de prácticas: open source y open access 5.1 La cultura hacker y el procomún 5.2 La política de los casos: tablas y comentarios III La promesa de los tecnocidanos 6. Las nuevas encrucijadas de la tecnociencia: ciudadanía y participación 6.1 Resumen 6.2 Recomendaciones 6.3 Bibliografía (resumen)La participación ciudadana en ciencia conoce en nuestra época una verdadera edad dorada. Hace apenas unas décadas era inimaginable la creciente influencia que la ciudadanía iba a tener en la marcha de la ciencia. Y, aunque algunos movimientos de activistas contra las nucleares lograron en los 80 situar en la agenda política de muchos gobiernos la resistencia popular al desarrollo de esta fuente de energía, lo cierto es que la presencia hoy de las ONG en la toma de decisiones comienza a ser algo habitual y, en algunos casos, alcanza la condición de estructural. Las sociedades modernas han necesitado explorar formas muy innovadoras de organización social que les permitan afrontar las nuevas encrucijadas a las que nos aboca la llamada sociedad del riesgo. Nadie discute que estamos hablando de asuntos de extrema gravedad, como lo manifiesta la experiencia adquirida durante las anteriores crisis del SIDA, de los alimentos y cultivos transgénicos y de las vacas locas. En su conjunto, los tres casos señalados (entre los muchos que podríamos mencionar) comparten algunos aspectos que aquí queremos subrayar. Quienes desde responsabilidades de gobierno o empresariales lamentaron el desbordamiento del tradicional sistema de expertos por los movimientos de agitación ciudadana, aprendieron que la gestión de estos conflictos tiene que ser menos vertical y más dialogante. Descubrieron también que no es fácil hacer frente a organizaciones que saben aprovechar muy bien las múltiples oportunidades que ofrecen las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC).Fundación Española de Ciencia y Tecnología, FECYT (2004

The Patricia Zn–Pb–Ag epithermal ore deposit: An uncommon type of mineralization in northeastern Chile

The Patricia ore deposit represents an unusual example of economic Zn–Pb–Ag mineralization at the northernmost end of the Late Eocene–Oligocene metallogenic belt in Chile. It is hosted by volcano-sedimentary units, which are typically tuffaceous and andesitic breccias. The ore body consists of a set of subvertical E-W vein systems developed under a sinistral strike-slip regime that included transtensive domains with generalized extensional structures where the ores were deposited. The deposit is divided into two blocks by a set of NNW-ESE-trending reverse faults, which uplifted the eastern block and exhumed thicker and deeper parts of the deposit. At least 200 m of volcano-sedimentary pile hosting the mineralization has been eroded in this block. By contrast, the western block exposes a shallower part of the system where cherts, amorphous silica and jasperoids occur. Three main stages of mineralization have been defined: (1) pre-ore stage is characterized by early quartz, pyrite and arsenopyrite, (2) base-metal and silver stage; characterized by sphalerite (6 to 15 mol% FeS), galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and Ag-bearing minerals (freibergite, polybasite, stephanite, pyrargyrite, freieslebenite and acanthite) and (3) post-ore stage; characterized by late quartz, kutnohorite and minor sulfides (arsenopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, galena, Ag-bearing minerals and Pb-sulfosalts). Whole-ore geochemistry shows two groups of elements that are positively correlated; 1) Ag–Cd–Cu–Pb–Zn related to the base metal sulfides and 2) Au–As–Ge–Sb–W related to arsenopyrite and pyrite. Hydrothermal alteration is pervasive in the outcropping mineralized areas, including silicification and locally, vuggy silica textures. At depth, chloritic and sericitic alteration is developed along vein selvages and is superimposed to the regional propylitic alteration. Fluid inclusions indicate that the base-metal ores were deposited from 250 to 150 °C moderate salinity fluids (1–9 wt.% NaCl). The pre-ore stage is characterized by a saline fluid (6–22 wt.% NaCl) and between 210 and 250 °C whereas the post-ore stage has salinity of 4–8 wt.% and temperature from 175 to 215 °C. Cooling was the mechanism of ore mineral precipitation in the Patricia deposit, although mixing of fluids could have occurred in the pre-ore stage. Mineralogical, geochemical and fluid inclusion evidence is consistent with an intermediate sulfidation (IS) epithermal deposit type. This study highlights the high potential for hidden economic mineralization at depth in the western block and for extension of the ore body both to the south and to deeper levels in the eastern block of the Patricia ore deposit. To a larger extent, the implications of finding such polymetallic epithermal style of mineralization in the northern Chile Precordillera is relevant both to the regional metallogenic perspective and to the exploration potential of the region, where the late Eocene–early Oligocene metallogenic belt apparently disappears.This research was financially supported by the project CGL2010 – 17668 (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain) and the company Herencia Resources Plc.Peer reviewe

Metástasis Vertebrales

La incidencia de las metástasis en columna vertebral está aumentando por el incremento de la población anciana, la mayor esperanza de vida y las mejores en el tratamiento de los pacientes con cáncer. Revi - samos el diagnóstico y tratamiento de estos pacientes.The incidence of spinal metastases is increasing with increasingly older populations, longer life expectancy and improvements in medical treatment of the patients with cancer. So, metastases to the spine repre - sent a challenging problem. We review diagnosis and treatment these patients

Poor glycaemic control in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes attending the public healthcare system a cross-sectional study

Objectives: To describe the clinical profile of Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes attending the public healthcare system and identify factors associated with poor glycaemic control.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: 14 centres in five regions of Brazil, including primary care units and outpatient clinics of University Hospitals.Participants: Patients with type 2 diabetes attending outpatient clinics of public healthcare system.Main outcome measured: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), centrally measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program certified).Results: A total of 5750 patients aged 61 10 years, with 11 8 years of diabetes duration (66% women, 56% nonwhite, body mass index: 28.0 5.3 kg/m(2)) were analysed. Mean HbA1c was 8.6 +/- 2.2%, and median HbA1c was 8.1% (6.9% to 9.9%). HbA1c 8%.Conclusions: the majority of Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes attending the public healthcare system had HbA1c levels above recommended targets. the recognition of Northeast residents and non-white patients as vulnerable populations should guide future policies and actions to prevent and control diabetes.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa (FIPE) of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)Pfizer PharmaceuticalHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Endocrine Div, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Getulio Vargas, Endocrine Div, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilFed Univ Para, BR-66059 Belem, Para, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Endocrine Div, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Endocrine Div, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Aproximación Proteómica al síndrome de apneas-hipopneas del sueño

Comunicaciones a congreso

Comparison of soil quality indexes calculated by network and principal component analysis for carbonated soils under different uses

There is an urgent need to conserve and improve the quality of agricultural soils in the coming decades. Decision tools capable of providing reliable information about soil quality are needed, and soil quality index (SQI) is one of the most used. Principal component analysis (PCA) is the common methodology to calculate it, however in some cases fails to differentiate soil quality properly. Therefore, the aim of this work is to assess a SQI through a different methodology as network analysis (NTA) and compare it with PCA, assuming that soil uses affect soil qualities differently. From soils with different uses (rainfed, olive grove and forest) network analysis and principal component analysis have been used to select a minimum dataset (MDS) to generate SQI from 36 physical, chemical and biological soil variables. Using NTA, geometric mean of the enzyme activities (GMEAN), bulk density (BD) and phosphatase activity (phos) where selected as indicators, while PCA selected total organic carbon (TOC), free Fe oxides (FeF), crystalline Mn oxides (MnX), pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and percentage of coarse sand (CS). Four SQI were calculated from each MDS through linear and non-linear scoring equations and by additive integration and weights. The SQI generated by NTA were more useful than those generated by PCA, as in addition to having fewer indicators they were able to better differentiate the uses in the study. This greater resolution capacity of the NTA would be the consequence of a better selection of indicators using this method than using PCA

Catálogo de terremotos de América del Sur homogéneo en Mw para el periodo pre-1964

On the frame of The South America Risk Assessment (SARA) project, an earthquake catalogue was compiled for South America, in terms of the moment magnitude (Mw), with data from the Centro Regional de Sismología para América del Sur (CERESIS), recent national and international studies, and from the analysis conducted during the project. In particular, it is included the latest versions of catalogue CERESIS-91 prepared by CERESIS and published by the National Council of Science and Technology CONCYTEC of Peru, the determination of parameters by recent studies, including those proposed by the ISC-GEM catalogue, and where available, the national catalogues that meet the criteria of transparency required by the project. The results presented in this work correspond to the pre-1964 time window. The first phase of the study is the development of a critical inventory of all public studies related to earthquakes in South America. Studies for the same event have been associated with each other from the comparison of the time, of the epicentre coordinates and the size of the earthquake (magnitude or maximum seismic intensity). For each event, a set of parameters considered reliable has been preliminarily selected. The main problem of the catalogue is the need to express the values of magnitude in terms of moment magnitude (Mw). Currently, few studies on historical earthquakes provide this value for the study region. For many events, values in terms of Ms and mb are available; although for most cases, because of the time of occurrence of these events, the magnitude values were calculated from macroseismic data. For these earthquakes we have used empirical conversion relationships published in literature for Ms and mb to Mw. There are also events for which only a value of maximum intensity (Imax or Io) is available. For these events, regional relationships Imax to Mw have been determined, using the most reliable and recent data of Mw and Imax values. In a second phase, for some events that have a sufficient number of macroseismic data, the source parameters have (including location, Mw and uncertainties) been determined using the method of Bakun and Wentworth (1997), regionally calibrated, based on what already has been obtained for Ecuador, Venezuela in literature and Colombia in the present project. In this way, the magnitude Mw was evaluated for 2564 earthquakes in South America. The lower threshold is defined in Mw = 5 for the Andean region. For Brazil, a lower threshold was not applied.Published6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremotoN/A or not JC

Pharmacogenetic Profiling in High-Risk Soft Tissue Sarcomas Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on anthracyclines and ifosfamide for high-risk soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities and trunk is a controversial treatment option. There are sub-stantial interindividual differences in clinical outcomes in patients treated with neoadjuvant chem-otherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate, as biomarkers, polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, or drug targets and their association with toxicity and survival in STS patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We analysed variants in genes involved in anthracycline metabolism (ABCB1, ABCC2, NQO1, CBR3, and SLC22A16) and in ifosfamide catabolism (ALDH1A1) in 79 treated patients. Two genes showed significant association after adjusted multivariate analysis: ABCC2 and ALDH1A1. In patients treated with anthracyclines, ABCC2 rs3740066 was associated with risk of febrile neutropenia (p = 0.031), and with decreased overall survival (OS) (p = 0.024). ABCC2 rs2273697 was associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.024). In patients treated with ifosfamide, ALDH1A1 rs3764435 was associated with RFS (p = 0.046). Our pharmacogenetic study shows for the first time that variants in genes regulating the metabolism of neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be helpful to predict toxicity and survival benefit in high-risk STS treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Further validation studies are needed to es-tablish their clinical utility

Updating known distribution models for forecasting climate change impact on endangered species

To plan endangered species conservation and to design adequate management programmes, it is necessary to predict their distributional response to climate change, especially under the current situation of rapid change. However, these predictions are customarily done by relating de novo the distribution of the species with climatic conditions with no regard of previously available knowledge about the factors affecting the species distribution. We propose to take advantage of known species distribution models, but proceeding to update them with the variables yielded by climatic models before projecting them to the future. To exemplify our proposal, the availability of suitable habitat across Spain for the endangered Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciata) was modelled by updating a pre-existing model based on current climate and topography to a combination of different general circulation models and Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. Our results suggested that the main threat for this endangered species would not be climate change, since all forecasting models show that its distribution will be maintained and increased in mainland Spain for all the XXI century. We remark on the importance of linking conservation biology with distribution modelling by updating existing models, frequently available for endangered species, considering all the known factors conditioning the species’ distribution, instead of building new models that are based on climate change variables only.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and FEDER (project CGL2009-11316/BOS

Study of elementary reactions with the hades dielectron spectrometer

Results obtained with the HADES dielectron spectrometer at GSI are discussed, with emphasis on dilepton production in elementary reactions.Díaz Medina, José, [email protected] ; Gil Ortiz, Alejandro, [email protected]