GANs for EVT Based Model Parameter Estimation in Real-time Ultra-Reliable Communication

The Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) paradigm in sixth-generation (6G) systems heavily relies on precise channel modeling, especially when dealing with rare and extreme events within wireless communication channels. This paper explores a novel methodology integrating Extreme Value Theory (EVT) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to achieve the precise channel modeling in real-time. The proposed approach harnesses EVT by employing the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) to model the distribution of extreme events. Subsequently, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are employed to estimate the parameters of the GPD. In contrast to conventional GAN configurations that focus on estimating the overall distribution, the proposed approach involves the incorporation of an additional block within the GAN structure. This specific augmentation is designed with the explicit purpose of directly estimating the parameters of the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD). Through extensive simulations across different sample sizes, the proposed GAN based approach consistently demonstrates superior adaptability, surpassing Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), particularly in scenarios with limited sample sizes

Effect of Edible Coatings (Xanthan gum and Carob gum) on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of French Fries Potatoes

In the present study, French fries potatoes were coated with combination of xanthan gum and carob gum or each of them separately at different concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.5%( w/v) beside the control sample which was considered without coating. Samples were fried at 180  for 6 min. The percentage of hydrocolloids coating, moisture content, oil uptake, textural characteristic (hardness index), frying efficiency, colorimetric characteristics (brightness, redness and yellowness indexes plus color difference) and sensory evaluation (Flavor, aroma, appearance, color and overall acceptance) of potato strips were measured.The results indicated that when the hydrocolloids coating of potato strips applied, the moisture retention capacity increased, oil uptake decreased, frying efficiency increased, brightness index reduced and redness/yellowness index increased. Also by increasing the hydrocolloid initial concentration over 1%, sensory evaluation of the samples decreased. Sensory and physiochemical properties significantly decreased in the control sample (p≥0.05). As a final point, the sample contained 0.25% carob gum and 0.75% xanthan gum was introduced as superior treatment

Correlation between serum vitamin D level and neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia

Background: Considering the significant prevalence of Neonatal Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia (NIH) and its irreversible neurological complications, identifying the factors involved in the prevalence of neonatal jaundice is essential. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the prevalence of NIH in infants admitted to Qods Hospital of Qazvin in Iran in 2015-16. Methods: In this case-control study, 30 term infants with NIH (the case group) were compared with 30 healthy, non- icteric, term infants (the control group) in terms of serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The results were analyzed and compared between the two groups using t-test and the Chi-square test. Results: The mean and standard deviation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 10.76±8.6 ng/dl in the case group and 14.88±11.38 ng/dl in the control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P=0.11). Conclusion: The results suggest the lack of a relationship between vitamin D levels and NIH. However, further prospective studies are needed to conclude that vitamin D has no role in the pathogenesis of NIH. © 2018 The Author(s)

Correlation between serum vitamin D level and neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia

Background: Considering the significant prevalence of Neonatal Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia (NIH) and its irreversible neurological complications, identifying the factors involved in the prevalence of neonatal jaundice is essential. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the prevalence of NIH in infants admitted to Qods Hospital of Qazvin in Iran in 2015-16. Methods: In this case-control study, 30 term infants with NIH (the case group) were compared with 30 healthy, non- icteric, term infants (the control group) in terms of serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The results were analyzed and compared between the two groups using t-test and the Chi-square test. Results: The mean and standard deviation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 10.76±8.6 ng/dl in the case group and 14.88±11.38 ng/dl in the control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P=0.11). Conclusion: The results suggest the lack of a relationship between vitamin D levels and NIH. However, further prospective studies are needed to conclude that vitamin D has no role in the pathogenesis of NIH. © 2018 The Author(s)

Medical Applications and Toxicities of Gallium Compounds

Over the past two to three decades, gallium compounds have gained importance in the fields of medicine and electronics. In clinical medicine, radioactive gallium and stable gallium nitrate are used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in cancer and disorders of calcium and bone metabolism. In addition, gallium compounds have displayed anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity in animal models of human disease while more recent studies have shown that gallium compounds may function as antimicrobial agents against certain pathogens. In a totally different realm, the chemical properties of gallium arsenide have led to its use in the semiconductor industry. Gallium compounds, whether used medically or in the electronics field, have toxicities. Patients receiving gallium nitrate for the treatment of various diseases may benefit from such therapy, but knowledge of the therapeutic index of this drug is necessary to avoid clinical toxicities. Animals exposed to gallium arsenide display toxicities in certain organ systems suggesting that environmental risks may exist for individuals exposed to this compound in the workplace. Although the arsenic moiety of gallium arsenide appears to be mainly responsible for its pulmonary toxicity, gallium may contribute to some of the detrimental effects in other organs. The use of older and newer gallium compounds in clinical medicine may be advanced by a better understanding of their mechanisms of action, drug resistance, pharmacology, and side-effects. This review will discuss the medical applications of gallium and its mechanisms of action, the newer gallium compounds and future directions for development, and the toxicities of gallium compounds in current use

Activity and cellular effects of the investigational gallium drug KP46 in primary culture and cell lines of malignant melanoma

Um eine Basis für mögliche klinische Studien im malignen Melanom zu schaffen, wurde die tumorhemmende Galliumverbindung KP46 (Tris(8-quinolinolato)gallium(III)) auf ihre in-vitro-Aktivität im Vergleich zu bereits etablierten Chemotherapeutika (Cisplatin, Dacarbazine, Fotemustine) untersucht. Der Vergleich erfolgte mittels MTT-Assay in humanen Melanomzelllinien und mittels Human Tumor Cloning Assay an Primärekulturen aus frisch explantierten Melanomen. Weiters wurde der Einfluß von KP46 auf den Zellzyklus mittels FACS-Analyse und die Fähigkeit Apoptose zu induzieren mittels Western Blotting und Fluorezenzmikroskopie untersucht. Die IC50-Werte von KP46 in Melanomzelllinien liegen mit 0,8 3,7 M im niedrigen mikromolaren Bereich, womit gezeigt werden konnte, dass diese Zellen überdurchschnittlich sensitiv gegenüber dem Galliumkomplex sind. Überdies zeigt KP46 in den meisten dieser Zelllinien eine höhere zytotoxische Potenz als Dacarbazin, während die Zytotoxizität von Cisplatin vergleichbar ist. Das Koloniewachstum primär explantierter Melanomzellen wurde durch klinisch relevante KP46-Konzentrationen erfolgreich unterdrückt, wobei eine Verringerung der Koloniezahl von mehr als 50% bei 10/10 Proben mit einer Konzentration von 15 M (Target-Plasmakonzentration) erreicht wurde. Ebenso wurde bei einer KP46-Konzentration von 5 M (höchste im Steady State gemessene Plasmakonzentration) in allen Proben und im Falle von 4/10 Proben schon bei 0.5 M (einem Zehntel der höchsten Plasmakonzentration), eine mehr als 50 prozentige Koloniereduktion beobachtet. Der direkte Vergleich von drei Proben zeigt, dass sich bei 5 M Fotemustin (durchschnittliche höchste Plasmakonzentration) eine 2.5-fach höhere Koloniezahl ergab als unter äquimolarer KP46-Konzentration, während Cisplatin ähnlich effektiv wie KP46 war. In den Melanoma-Zellinien bewirkt KP46 eine störung des Zellzyklus (S-phasen-Arrest).Kaspaseaktivierung und eine Spaltung der Poly-(ADP-ribose)-Polymerase und direkte interaktion mit DNA nicht beobachtet werden.In order to provide a basis for possible clinical studies in malignant melanoma, we investigated the tumor-inhibiting gallium compound KP46 (tris(8-quinolinolato)gallium(III)) for its antimelanoma potency in comparison to established drugs (cisplatin, dacarbazine, fotemustine) by the MTT assay and in primary cultures of freshly explanted melanoma samples by the Human Tumor Cloning Assay. Furthermore, we explored its capacity of perturbing the cell cycle of melanoma cells by FACS analysis, the induction of apoptosis by Western blotting and fluorescence microscopy and its effects on electrophoretic mobility of DNA. The IC50 values obtained with KP46 in melanoma cell lines are in the low micromolar range (0.8-3.7 M), indicating that these cell lines are on average somewhat more sensitive than other cell lines. Moreover, KP46 shows a higher cytotoxic potency than dacarbazine in most of these melanoma cell lines, while the cytotoxicity of cisplatin is comparable. Colony growth of primary explanted melanoma cells was effectively inhibited by clinically relevant concentrations of KP46: Inhibition by  50% was observed in 10/10 specimens at 15 M (target steady-state plasma concentration), 10/10 specimens at 5 M (highest steady-state plasma concentration achieved so far), and 4/10 specimens at 0.5 M KP46 (one tenth of the latter concentration). The effects induced by KP46 in melanoma cell lines involve cell cycle perturbations (S phase arrest), and immunoblot analysis demonstrated caspase activation and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, indicating the induction of apoptosis, whereas no direct interactions with DNA could be observed.written by Seied Mojtaba ValiahdiZsfassung in dt. SpracheWien, Med. Univ., Diss., 2009OeBB(VLID)171416

Field Evaluation of Cereal Combine Harvesters Processing Losses on JD-955 and JD-1165 Combines Equipped with Grain Loss Monitor

Grain loss monitors are installed on combine harvester and make it possible to measure grain loss on different parts of the combine. The instrument permits the operator to adjust a proper ground speed to keep grain loss within an acceptable range. In this study a loss monitoring system was implemented to measure grain losses continuously on straw walker and sieves. Two grain loss monitors (KEE and TeeJet) were installed behind the straw walker and the sieves of JD-955 and JD-1165 combine harvesters. Harvesting performance parameters such as combine total and processing losses were then measured. To evaluate the precision and accuracy of the instruments, the measured and monitored losses were compared and investigated. The results of a two-year research showed that the average processing loss of the combine harvesters with 10-12% grain moisture content and 750 rpm drum speed was 0.82% which is whitin the acceptable range recommended by ASAE Standard No. S343.3. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the measured and monitored values of processing loss