Classic Concepts in Anthropology

The late anthropologist Valerio Valeri (1944–98) was best known for his substantial writings on societies of Polynesia and eastern Indonesia. This volume, however, presents a lesser-known side of Valeri’s genius through a dazzlingly erudite set of comparative essays on core topics in the history of anthropological theory. Offering masterly discussions of anthropological thought about ritual, fetishism, cosmogonic myth, belief, caste, kingship, mourning, play, feasting, ceremony, and cultural relativism, Classic Concepts in Anthropology, presented here with a critical foreword by Rupert Stasch and Giovanni da Col, will be an eye-opening, essential resource for students and researchers not only in anthropology but throughout the humanities

Classic Concepts in Anthropology

The late anthropologist Valerio Valeri (1944–98) was best known for his substantial writings on societies of Polynesia and eastern Indonesia. This volume, however, presents a lesser-known side of Valeri’s genius through a dazzlingly erudite set of comparative essays on core topics in the history of anthropological theory. Offering masterly discussions of anthropological thought about ritual, fetishism, cosmogonic myth, belief, caste, kingship, mourning, play, feasting, ceremony, and cultural relativism, Classic Concepts in Anthropology, presented here with a critical foreword by Rupert Stasch and Giovanni da Col, will be an eye-opening, essential resource for students and researchers not only in anthropology but throughout the humanities

As Ilhas Salomão Descobertas pelos Europeus: Do Contrato Social ao Utilitarismo

Valerio Valeri (1944-1998), professor de Antropologia da Universidade de Chicago desde 1976 até sua morte prematura, foi professor visitante em Canberra (1985), Princeton (1990-91), Oslo (1992), Pisa (1994) e Santa Monica (1995-96). Graduou-se na prestigiosa Scuola Normale de Pisa, em 1968, com uma tese sobre C. Lévi-Strauss, com quem estudou em Paris na década seguinte, época em que também participou do restrito seminário de L. Dumont. Dono de erudição impressionante, Valeri contribuiu significativamente para a etnografia de dois continentes, Indonésia e Polinésia. Publicou em 1985, pela University of Chicago Press, Kingship and Sacrifice: Ritual and Society in Ancient Hawaii, trabalho de cunho mais histórico; e em 2000, postumamente, The Forest of Taboos: Morality, Hunting and Identity among the Huaulu, pela University of Winsconsin Press, fruto de 36 meses de trabalho de campo nas Molucas, entre 1971 e 1990. Valeri publicou extensa série de artigos em inglês, francês e italiano. Uma primeira coletânea desses artigos, Fragments of Forests and Libraries, está sendo editada por Janet Hoskins, da Universidade da Califórnia. A ela CAMPOS agradece a autorização para a publicação em português deste artigo, antes mesmo do lançamento do livro, previsto para meados de 2001. O artigo Le Isole Salomone Scoperte dagli Europei: dal Contratto Sociale allUtilitarismo foi originalmente publicado na revista Filosofia, da Universidade de Turim em 1971 (n.s., vol XXVI, pp.165-197). Além de ilustrar o início da carreira deste antropólogo ainda pouco conhecido no Brasil, a escolha deste texto se deve à atualidade do tema um tratamento antropológico da história colonial que, em boa medida, influenciou e prenuncia mesmo trabalhos posteriores e mais conhecidos de M. Sahlins, de quem Valeri foi colega e aluno

A fuzzy stochastic multi-criteria model for the selection of urban pervious pavements

Multi-criteria decision making methods (MCDM) have been widely used throughout the last years to assist project contractors in selection processes related to the construction field. Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are an especially suitable discipline to implement these techniques, since they involve important impacts on each branch of sustainability: economy, environment and society. Considering that pervious pavements constitute an efficient solution to manage urban stormwater runoff as a source control system, this paper presents a multi-criteria approach based on the Integrated Value Model for Sustainable Assessments (MIVES) method to facilitate their proper selection. Given the lack of accurate information to shape the behavior of the alternatives regarding some of the criteria defining the decision-making environment, a series of variables are modeled by executing stochastic simulations based on the Monte Carlo methods. Additionally, a group of ten experts from various sectors related to water management was requested to provide their opinions about the importance of the set of selected criteria, according to the comparison levels of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). These judgments are converted into triangular fuzzy numbers, in order to capture the vagueness that human attitude entails when making judgments. A case of study in which the three major types of pervious pavements (porous asphalt, porous concrete and interlocking concrete pavers) are evaluated is presented to demonstrate the potential of the model

Selection of Additives and Fibers for Improving the Mechanical and Safety Properties of Porous Concrete Pavements through Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis

Despite the number of environmental advantages that porous concrete (PC) pavements can provide, they are mainly used in light-traffic roads, parking lots and sidewalks due to their low mechanical strength. This research focuses on the common additives employed in PC pavements, according to a literature review, with the aim of increasing their mechanical strength while maintaining an acceptable infiltration capacity. The results demonstrated that the combination of superplasticizers and air-entraining additives can provide indirect tensile strength values over 2.50 MPa, with an infiltration capacity over 0.40 cm/s. In addition, polypropylene fibers were seen to provide very good safety properties, preserving some structural integrity in the case of failure. All mixtures studied obtained outstanding skid resistance results under both dry and wet condition

Laboratory Assessment of the Infiltration Capacity Reduction in Clogged Porous Mixture Surfaces

Permeable pavements have been used widely across the world to manage urban stormwater. The hydrological behaviour of permeable surfaces is a complex process affected by many factors, such as rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, pavement geometrical conditions, and clogging level of the permeable surface, amongst others. This laboratory study was carried out to assess the influence of clogging level and rainfall intensity on the infiltration capacity of porous mixture surfaces used in Permeable Pavement Systems (PPS). Porous Concrete (PC) and Porous Asphalt (PA) mixtures with different air void contents (15%, 20%, and 25%) were subject to different clogging scenarios by using varying sediment loads (0, 500, and 1000 g/m2). Permeability experiments were carried out for each clogging scenario through a new rainfall simulator specially developed, tailored, and calibrated for the laboratory simulation of a wide range of rainfall events. Permeability measurements were taken under all different scenarios as a result of the combination of the different rainfall events (50, 100, and 150 mm/h) simulated over the specimens of porous mixtures and the sediment loads applied to them. The results showed that the PC mixtures tested perform better than the PA ones in terms of infiltration capacity, showing less potential for clogging and being more easily cleaned by the wash-off produced by the simulated rainfall events

Laboratory Study on the Stormwater Retention and Runoff Attenuation Capacity of Four Permeable Pavements

Hydrological behavior of pervious pavements during rainfall events is a complex process that is affected by many factors such as surface type, aggregates nature, layer thickness, rainfall height, rainfall intensity and the preceding dry period. In order to determine the influence of construction materials on the runoff attenuation capacity of pervious pavements sixteen laboratory models were created with four different cross sections obtained by combining two pervious surfaces and two subbase aggregate materials. Successive rainfall simulations were applied over the laboratory models measuring lag times, retained rainfalls, times to peak and peak outflows were registered for the simulated rainfalls. The results obtained were grouped depending on the materials used and statistically analysed in order to compare their stormwater retention and runoff attenuation capacities. Both surface type and sub-base aggregate characteristics were proven to influence the attenuation capacity of pervious pavements. While sub-base aggregate materials highly influence the hydrological performance during the first rainfall simulations, the permeable surface affects the hydrological behavior during the final rainfall events and the retention capacity variation over time

Exploratory study of porous asphalt mixtures with additions of reclaimed tetra pak material

The use of cellulose fibers (CF) has become a common technique for reducing draindown problems in porous asphalt (PA) mixtures, helping to increase the bitumen content and providing thicker binder films. In this research, a laboratory study was conducted to assess the suitability of using recycled Tetra Brick Aseptic (TBA) containers as an environmentally friendly substitute for virgin cellulose fibers used in PA pavements. The results obtained showed that recycled TBA material was a suitable addition for PA mixtures, providing similar, or sometimes greater, improvements than commercial CF.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the research project BIA2012-32463 with funds from the State General Budget (PGE) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The authors wish to thank the GCS, and GITECO research groups of the University of Cantabria. Valerio C. Andrés-Valeri would also like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the Predoctoral Fellowship BES-2013-062604, for funding his research activity at the University of Cantabria

Proposal of a New Porous Concrete Dosage Methodology for Pavements

Although porous concrete pavement design methods are mainly focused on maintaining high permeability rates in order to improve their ability to manage stormwater runoff, the mixture strength is paramount for its durability and service life. This paper proposes a new mixture design method for porous concrete, named PCD (porous concrete design), derived from the ACI 522R-10 and ACI 211.3R-02 standards. The aim is to improve mechanical strength in porous concrete mixtures, while ensuring enough permeability for its use in urban roads. With PCD methodology it is possible to obtain mechanical strengths 30% higher than those produced with ACI methodologies, while maintaining permeability rates close to 2 cm/s, lower than those obtained with ACI methods but still enough to manage extreme storm events. Finally, with the analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) multi-criteria decision-making methodology and also bearing in mind safety variables, the best porous concrete mixtures are the ones produced with PCD methodology.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Union (ERDF) through the project SUPRIS.SUReS (Ref. BIA2015-65240-C2-1-R)

Relationship between urban runoff pollutant and catchment characteristics

A lot of research has been done to determine levels of contamination in runoff from urban and rural catchment areas. Some authors compare their results with other authors, or look for relationships between the variations of pollutant concentration and the catchment characteristics but they seldom focus on determining the statistical significance of their results. This paper presents a review of 37 papers selected from a total of 169 papers consulted about runoff water quality throughout the world (America, Asia and Europe). The results presented in these 37 papers have been reviewed and statistically analyzed in order to evaluate the influence of catchment area characteristics (location, catchment area size, average daily traffic and type of land use) on the stormwater runoff pollution. It has been concluded that for the cases studied, most of the results about the polluting agents studied are comparable and no important element of the catchment characteristics had significant influence on the pollutants’ concentration