REGISTROS HISTÓRICOS E REANÁLISES NAS ANOMALIAS DE PRECIPITAÇÃO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL DE 1901 A 1960

 Este trabalho recuperou registros históricos de precipitação e eventos extremos em jornais nos primeiros 60 anos do século XX e comparou com séries de reanálises a fim de investigar quais eventos extremos históricos coincidem em data e intensidade com os extremos das reanálises, no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). A série histórica gerada foi construída a partir de notícias de inundação, enchentes, estiagens e secas nas notícias pesquisadas. As reanálises utilizadas provem da Universidade de Delaware (DLW) e consistem em uma grade de 0,5º x 0,5º disponíveis para o período 1900 - 2008.  As séries anômalas foram dividas em três zonas (Campanha, Litoral e Planalto) para melhor detalhamento do comportamento espacial e analisadas nas fases: El Niño, Neutro e La Niña. Observou-se que as zonas Campanha e Planalto são mais suscetíveis às fases do El Niño – Oscilação Sule a zona Litoral demonstrou menor influência aparente. A análise das séries de anomalias DLW e de todos os aglomerados de notícias encontradas, coincidem com anomalias iguais ou superiores (inferiores) a 50 (-50 mm) mensais. Com exceção de um único evento na década de 1950 que não coincidiu com os episódios extremos de precipitação. Abril de 1959 teve a maior anomalia do período (200 mm, no valor mínimo para as três zonas) e a menor ocorreu em outubro de 1924 (-85 mm, no valor mínimo entre as três zonas). Conclui-se que esta comparação e os registros históricos possibilitaram determinar a ocorrência dos eventos extremos de precipitação e também identificar o número de dias chuvosos de cada episódio. A fase neutra demonstrou anomalias positivas (negativas) nos mesmos níveis das anomalias de El Niño e La Niña a partir de 1930, indicando que outros fatores e modos de variabilidade também devem influenciar na precipitação do RS

A LINEAR STUDY OF HIGH-DRAG STATES AND FLOW STAGNATION PRODUCED BY MOUNTAIN WAVES

A linear model of gravity waves generated by stratified airflow over mountains is developed. The model provides simple, closed-form formulas for the surface drag in a situation where conditions for wave resonance exist. The wind is constant near the surface and decreases linearly above. The drag normalized by its value in the absence of shear is found to depend on two parameters: the height of the interface where the shear is discontinuous and the Richardson number, Ri, in the region above. This drag attains maxima when the height of the interface induces constructive interference between the upward and downward propagating reflected waves, and minima when there is destructive interference. The amplitude of the drag modulation becomes larger for lower Ri. It is also shown that, for Ri<2.25, the locations where wave breaking is first predicted to occur in flow over a 2D ridge become displaced horizontally and vertically by an amount depending on Ri

Espacialização de Inundações na Foz do Rio Jacuí por NDWI e Reclass em Episódios de El Niño

Este trabalho visa espacializar as áreas de inundação da foz do rio Jacuí durante a ocorrência de dois eventos extremos de precipitação, em episódios de El Niño (setembro de 1987 e setembro de 2009) por meio de duas técnicas de delimitação de alvos no software IDRISI Selva 17: NDWI e Reclass. Foi observado que as enchentes não estão diretamente relacionadas a eventos de El Niño e, apesar do fenômeno influenciar na precipitação do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), os fatores locais como a topografia e o próprio regime de precipitação originam estas anomalias. Por fim, foi feita uma comparação dos dois eventos, onde se observa que a enchente de 2009 alagou uma área maior que a de 1987, sendo 435 e 368 km², respectivamente. A provável razão do aumento da área alagada foi o crescimento do cultivo de arroz nas regiões situadas na jusante do Jacuí, que diminui as áreas úmidas, removendo as barreiras de contenção do rio. O estudo foi feito através de imagens Landsat 5 – TM. Os mapas foram elaborados nos softwares ArcGis 10.2 e IDRISI Selva. Também foi observada neste trabalho a relação das cheias com as plantações que contornam a margem do Jacuí, arroz em sua grande maioria.This work aims spatialise the flood areas of the Jacuí river mouth during the occurence of two extreme precipitation events, in two El Niño episodes: september 1987 and september 2009 using two target delimitation techniques in IDRISI 17 SELVA: NDWI and Reclass. After that, the results were adjusted in ArcGis 10.2 layout. It was found that the floods are not directly related to El Niño events and that despite this phenomenon influence the precipitation of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), local factors such as topography and the actual precipitation system provides these anomalies. Finally, it was made a comparison of the two events, where it is perceived that the flood 2009 covers a larger area (435 km²) than the flood of 1987 (368 Km²). The probable reason for this increase in the flooded area is due to the increase in the used area for agriculture, which removes the wetlands, removing the barrier that contains the river

Association between acoustic speech features and non-severe levels of anxiety and depression symptoms across lifespan

Background Several studies have investigated the acoustic effects of diagnosed anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression are not characteristics of the typical aging process, but minimal or mild symptoms can appear and evolve with age. However, the knowledge about the association between speech and anxiety or depression is scarce for minimal/mild symptoms, typical of healthy aging. As longevity and aging are still a new phenomenon worldwide, posing also several clinical challenges, it is important to improve our understanding of non-severe mood symptoms’ impact on acoustic features across lifetime. The purpose of this study was to determine if variations in acoustic measures of voice are associated with non-severe anxiety or depression symptoms in adult population across lifetime. Methods Two different speech tasks (reading vowels in disyllabic words and describing a picture) were produced by 112 individuals aged 35-97. To assess anxiety and depression symptoms, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) was used. The association between the segmental and suprasegmental acoustic parameters and HADS scores were analyzed using the linear multiple regression technique. Results The number of participants with presence of anxiety or depression symptoms is low (>7: 26.8% and 10.7%, respectively) and non-severe (HADS-A: 5.4 ± 2.9 and HADS-D: 4.2 ± 2.7, respectively). Adults with higher anxiety symptoms did not present significant relationships associated with the acoustic parameters studied. Adults with increased depressive symptoms presented higher vowel duration, longer total pause duration and short total speech duration. Finally, age presented a positive and significant effect only for depressive symptoms, showing that older participants tend to have more depressive symptoms. Conclusions Non-severe depression symptoms can be related to some acoustic parameters and age. Depression symptoms can be explained by acoustic parameters even among individuals without severe symptom levels.publishe

Effect of a 1000m kayak sprint on redox status, muscle damage and inflammation markers in elite male kayakers

[resumo][abstract

A LINEAR STUDY OF HIGH-DRAG STATES AND FLOW STAGNATION PRODUCED BY MOUNTAIN WAVES

A linear model of gravity waves generated by stratified airflow over mountains is developed. The model provides simple, closed-form formulas for the surface drag in a situation where conditions for wave resonance exist. The wind is constant near the surface and decreases linearly above. The drag normalized by its value in the absence of shear is found to depend on two parameters: the height of the interface where the shear is discontinuous and the Richardson number, Ri, in the region above. This drag attains maxima when the height of the interface induces constructive interference between the upward and downward propagating reflected waves, and minima when there is destructive interference. The amplitude of the drag modulation becomes larger for lower Ri. It is also shown that, for Ri<2.25, the locations where wave breaking is first predicted to occur in flow over a 2D ridge become displaced horizontally and vertically by an amount depending on Ri

VARIABILIDADE DE PRECIPITAÇÃO E TEMPERATURA MÉDIA SUPERFICIAL DO AR NO NORTE DA REGIÃO DE AISÉN – CHILE, NO PERÍODO DE 1950-2017

Este artigo investiga a variabilidade de temperatura e precipitação na região do Monte Melimoyu (44º5’S-72º51’O), entre 1950 e 2017 e a possível influência do ENOS e do SAM pela proximidade com o oceano Pacífico. Foram utilizados dados de reanálise da universidade de Delaware, índice ONI 3.4 do ENOS (NOAA) e o índice SAM, de Marshall (2003). Dados de precipitação das estações meteorológicas de La Junta (43°58'S-72°25'W) e de Puerto Aysén Ad. (43°58'S-72°25'W) foram analisados e comparados com as séries de reanálise. Testes de correlação cruzada foram aplicados aos dados de precipitação e temperatura com os índices de variação do ENOS e do SAM, no software Matlab 2012R para avaliar a existência de defasagens nas anomalias de precipitação e temperatura influenciadas por estas duas oscilações. A séria histórica de precipitação mostrou uma média de 2239 mm e uma tendência contínua de diminuição em -6 mm por ano, já a temperatura média superficial do ar foi de 9,87°C no período de 1950 e 2017, e uma tendência contínua de aumento em 0,04ºC por ano. Os picos de anomalia positivas de precipitação do início do período e de temperatura do final do período de análise estão relacionadas a fase positiva do SAM. Contudo, os testes com os dados do ENOS e SAM não mostram correlação direta com a variação negativa de precipitação e do aumento de temperatura na região, onde o fator de localização e as características morfológicas podem ser os maiores influenciadores no clima local

Impact of deficit irrigation on grapevine cv. ‘Touriga Nacional’ during three seasons in Douro region: an agronomical and metabolomics approach

The introduction of irrigation in vineyards of the Mediterranean basin is a matter of debate, in particular in those of the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR), due to the limited number of available studies. Here, we aimed to perform a robust analysis in three consecutive vintages (2018, 2019, and 2020) on the impact of deficit irrigation on the yield, berry quality traits, and metabolome of cv. ‘Touriga Nacional’. Results showed that in the peaks of extreme drought, irrigation at 30% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (R30) was able to prevent a decay of up to 0.4 MPa of leaf predawn water potential (ΨPd), but irrigation at 70% ETc (R70) did not translate into additional protection against drought stress. Following three seasons of irrigation, the yield was significantly improved in vines irrigated at R30, whereas irrigation at R70 positively affected the yield only in the 2020 season. Berry quality traits at harvest were not significantly changed by irrigation, except for Total Soluble Solids (TSS) in 2018. A UPLC–MS-based targeted metabolomic analysis identified eight classes of compounds, amino acids, phenolic acids, stilbenoid DP1, stilbenoid DP2, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, di-OH- and tri-OH anthocyanins, and showed that anthocyanins and phenolic acids did not change significantly with irrigation. The present study showed that deficit irrigation partially mitigated the severe summer water deficit conditions in the DDR but did not significantly change key metabolites.This research was funded by the VISCA project (Vineyards’ Integrated Smart Climate Application), funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 730253. The Région-Centre Val de Loire (France) supported this work under the grant agreement to Project VITI’ACTIF. The work was also supported by the “Contrato-Programa” UIDB/04050/2020 funded by Portuguese national funds through the FCT I.P. The work was also supported by FCT, CCDR-N (Norte Portugal Regional Coordination and Development Commission) and European Funds (FEDER/POCI/COMPETE2020) through the project AgriFoodXXI (NORTE01-0145-FEDER-000041) and the research projects BerryPlastid (PTDC/BIA-FBT/28165/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028165), MitiVineDrought (PTDC/BIA-FBT/30341/2017 and POCI-01-0145- FEDER-030341), and GrapeInfectomics (PTDC/ASPHOR/28485/2017). A.T. was supported by a post-doctoral researcher contract/position within the project “BerryPlastid”. This work also benefited from the networking activities within the European COST Action CA 17111 INTEGRAPE, the CoLAB VINES & WINES, and the CoLAB 4FOOD—Collaborative Laboratory for Innovation in the Food Industry

Intense sweeteners in beverages: what is the risk for our children?

[resumo][abstract

A mutilação genital feminina como um problema de saúde pública em Portugal

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