Regulación de la natalidad y violencia

Ours is a period marked by violence, and, most important, it is no stranger either to reproduction. In arder to clarify concepts, by violence we mean, formally speaking, any interference or action by an external agent on a situation, structure, phenomenon or process with the object of nullifying it or of changing either its meaning (by deviation) or its intensity (by slowing it down or by accelerating it). In this sense violence is not intrinsically illicit. One must distinguish between violen ce and violation. After a short study of the concepts of law, order and justiee in the fundamental works of the principal Natural Law investigators of the present day, the author arrives at the conclusion that the genuine meaning of the term violation is any attempt against a principie of order, either directly of by undermining any of the other elements of order, be they real or related. The human vocation of dominion over Nature, insofar as Man is a superior being, should not be thought of in absolute terms: it consists in being responsible for the conservation, reproduction, development and perfection of all creatures that tend towards their completeness according to individual ends which integrate themselves progressively towards one general goal. For this mission, which in general terms is called culture, man has a certain autonomy, but not full independence; and the degree of autonomy is much more reduced with respect to his own species than in the case of inferior creatures. Man's capacity and his science can suffer desviations. Insofar as biology is concerned, these presentday desviations are serious and well known. The attempt against the physical and natural order, especially in the animal sphere, is widespread and threatens to obtain firm footing. In this sense, we see that violence is being used, not in its I awfu I (and at times necessary) meaning of correction, of restoration of order, but as its violation. The author has confined his examination of the problem to the question of human population: he discusses three fundamental aspects: prostitution 01 the biological culture, separation 01 erotic appetite and reproduction, conflict between individual rights and social interests. The «scientific» attempts against the reproductive processes, including those previous to gametogenesis as well as the actual fertilization, are classified together under the heading of contraception. Both aspects are studied extensively and the author concludes that they are unlawful according to the Natural Law. The arguments of the proponents of contraception are studied and compared with those of their opponents, and special importance is given to biological and philosophical considerations; the conclusion is that no jurist with proper regard for legal considerations can accept theories that contradict authority and that can well be classified as setting precedents, especially when the matter is undergoing research. The author examines the various present-day aspects of the -sexual revolution » as a key to explaining the many postulates and tendencies as well as the possible collision between individual rights and group interests. The question of continence and Chastity are next examined. The discussion of human reproduction oscillates today between the two poles of «biological» and «scientific» arguments, with considerations regarding the meaning and limitations of these expressions and their consequences and applications. This is followed by a short analysis of the pragmatic attitude adopted by various politicians in their approach to these questions. After sorne short reflections on the limitations of human freedom implied by the present attitude towards the sexual revolution, the author makes a final conclusion in which he refers to self-control

Humanidades Digitales y Sistemas de Representación Geográfica en el estudio de la Historia de la Prensa. Propuesta metodológica desde el análisis temporal de la Gaceta de Roma

Se propone un recorrido histórico a través de las Humanidades Digitales, desde sus primeros pasos en la década de los cincuenta hasta nuestros días, es decir, su pasado, presente y futuro: los hitos y aspectos destacados que han jalonado su evolución, cuyo acontecimiento más importante fue el Manifiesto por las Humanidades Digitales, firmado en París en 2013, y los retos y problemas que deberá afrontar, especialmente en el ámbito hispánico. Analizamos también su convergencia con los Sistemas de Representación Geográfica, y ofrecemos ejemplos de proyectos significativos que han sido desarrollados en los últimos años. La Gaceta de Roma, impresa en Valencia en la imprenta de Felipe Mey, entre 1618 y 1620, será el punto de referencia -en tanto que publicación seriada y transnacional- que permitirá obtener un nuevo marco de interpretación pan-europeo destinado a posibilitar una futura representación cartográfica, digital e interactiva de las redes, flujos, nodos y la diseminación de noticias de la Edad Moderna.We propose a historical tour around Digital Humanities, from its early steps in the fifties decade to our days, that is to say, its past, present and future: the milestones and prominent aspects that have marked its evolution, whose more important event has been the Digital Humanities Manifest, subscribed in Paris in 2013, and the challenges and difficulties it must confront, especially in the hispanic world. We analyze its meeting points with the Geographical Information System, and provide relevant examples able to favor and interpret the origin of the Press in the Early Modern Age. The Rome Gaceta, pressed in Valencia in Felipe Mey's printing press, between 1618 and 1620, is the reference point -as a truly serial and transnational publication- that will allow to obtain a new pan-european interpretation picture in order to make possible a future cartographical and digital representation of networks, flows, nodes and the dissemination of news in Early Modern Age.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Periodism

Análisis de efectos sísmicos ortogonales horizontales en terreno blando

En este artículo se estudia el problema que representa la combinación de los efectos sísmicos en las estructuras causados por la acción simultánea de los dos componentes ortogonales horizontales del movimiento del suelo. Mediante el uso de la teoría de vibraciones aleatorias se desarrollan algunas expresiones analíticas que permiten combinar los efectos sísmicos causados por la acción de ambos componentes ortogonales horizontales del movimiento del suelo con el propósito de estimar la máxima respuesta elástica, bi-direccional de la estructura. La principal hipótesis que se hace en el desarrollo de estas expresiones, se refiere a la representación del espectro de amplitudes de Fourier de ambos componentes del movimiento del suelo mediante funciones tipo delta de Dirac. Por medio del análisis elástico bi-direccional, paso a paso de distintos modelos estructurales, se verifica la precisión del planteamiento de combinación propuesto. El procedimiento desarrollado es aplicable exclusivamente al caso de suelo blando y considera explícitamente el ángulo de incidencia del temblor y el tipo de respuesta que se analiza (ortogonal o colineal)

An Application of Total-Colored Graphs to Describe Mutations in Non-Mendelian Genetics

Any gene mutation during the mitotic cell cycle of a eukaryotic cell can be algebraically represented by an isotopism of the evolution algebra describing the genetic pattern of the inheritance process. We identify any such pattern with a total-colored graph so that any isotopism of the former is uniquely related to an isomorphism of the latter. This enables us to develop some results on graph theory in the context of the molecular processes that occur during the S-phase of a mitotic cell cycle. In particular, each monochromatic subset of edges is identified with a mutation or regulatory mechanism that relates any two statuses of the genotypes of a pair of chromatids.Junta de Andalucía FQM-016Junta de Andalucía FQM-32

Positive and negative transferences in the acquisition of German phonetics by Spanish students

Si bien en cualquier ámbito de la enseñanza de una lengua se puede observar la influencia de las lenguas que previamente se han aprendido, generalmente de la L1 y de la L2, en el caso del aprendizaje de la lengua alemana, que en el contexto español suele constituir la segunda lengua extranjera, la influencia que se observa en lo que respecta a la competencia fonética es generalmente la de la lengua materna. En la comunicación se analiza hasta qué punto actúan las transferencias positiva o negativa de la L1 sobre la lengua alemana cuando se trata del aprendizaje de su fonética.In any language teaching field, the influence of previously learned languages can be observed, generally L1 and L2, in the case of German language learning, which in the Spanish context is usually the second foreign language, the influence observed in terms of phonetic competence is usually that of the mother tongue. This paper analyses the extent to which positive or negative transferences from L1 act on the process of learning German language phonetics

Influence of the stop/start system on CO2 emissions of a diesel vehicle in urban traffic

This paper presents measurements of CO2 emission and efficiency of stop/start technology on a diesel vehicle in urban traffic. Two four-wheel-drive diesel vehicles with on-board exhaust emission and vehicle activity measurement systems were tested in two urban driving circuits representative of downtown Madrid. The vehicles had similar turbocharged and intercooled diesel engines fulfilling the same Euro 4 emissions regulation; but one had an improved engine incorporating stop/start technology. CO2 emission reduction of more than 20% for the car equipped with the stop/start system was obtained. Regardless of the variability in driving style, the grade and type of streets, traffic congestion, and the engine operating temperature, the car equipped with the stop/start system has intrinsically a lower CO2 emission factor

Wind–structure interaction on construction stages for unbalanced segmental brigdes

Behavior due to wind–structure interaction of segmental bridges on construction stages is presented. The paper deals with the analysis of the bridge “Viaducto km 61+000” located near the city of Xalapa, in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. This 470 m long bridge with 17.9 m wide cast in place box girder will carry four lanes of traffic over a deep valley, with piers height from 26 m to 113 m. The superstructure consists of two central spans of 145 m long and two approach spans of 90 m long. The roadway geometry has vertical and horizontal curvatures along the entire length of the bridge. The substructure consists of cast–in–place rectangular hollow piers on bored pile foundations and spread footings. The superstructure is erected by the unbalanced cantilever method using form travelers. Computational fluid dynamics based on the finite element method is used to simulate wind forces acting on the structure, which are coupled to computational structure dynamics on construction stages. Thus, a stabilized fluid flow formulation is presented together with an ALE scheme while geometrically non–linear solid dynamics finite elements are used to simulate the bridge behavior. Both solutions are coupled together using a strong coupling technique to perform an aeroelastic analysis of the bridge. Differences obtained among numerical approach and code requirements are presented

Péndulo de prueba para el estudio dinámico de modelos estructurales

Se presenta y analiza un aparato sencillo para el estudio dinámico de modelos estructurales en laboratorio. El dispositivo consiste de un péndulo de periodo largo (aprox. 5.0 s) formado por una plataforma que cuelga de un techo alto en la cual se coloca un generador de vibración forzada. Cuando un modelo se coloca sobre la plataforma, el movimiento de ésta simula un tipo particular de movimiento sísmico. Este sistema se utilizó para el estudio dinámico de modelos de acero representativos de estructuras torsionalmente desbalanceadas. Las respuestas medidas, tanto de la plataforma como de los modelos se analizan para entender y conocer la capacidad del péndulo de pruebas para simular movimientos sísmicos del terreno de características particulares. Los resultados indican que el péndulo de prueba genera excitaciones propias de movimientos sísmicos de banda angosta. Este aparato de bajo costo puede utilizarse para pruebas dinámicas de modelos representativos de sistemas estructurales y mecánicos

Influence of the stop/start system on CO2 emissions of a diesel vehicle in urban traffic

This paper presents measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and efficiency of stop/start technology on a diesel vehicle in urban traffic. Two four-wheel-drive diesel vehicles with on-board exhaust emission and vehicle activity measurement systems were tested in two urban driving circuits representative of downtown Madrid. The vehicles had similar turbocharged and intercooled diesel engines fulfilling the same Euro 4 emissions regulation; but one had an improved engine incorporating stop/start technology. CO2 emission reduction of more than 20% for the car equipped with the stop/start system was obtained. Regardless of the variability in driving style, the grade and type of streets, traffic congestion, and the engine operating temperature, the car equipped with the stop/start system has intrinsically a lower CO2 emission factor. Document type: Articl