Criminal investigation as a basis for strengthening the preparatory investigation in the justice operators of the province of Coronel Portillo 2021

La investigación criminal emplea la Ciencia Criminalística como fuente para la resolución de presuntos hechos delictivos. El objetivo fue determinar la relación que existe entre la Investigación Criminal y la Investigación Preparatoria en los operadores de justicia penal de la provincia de Coronel Portillo. Se empleó una metodología de investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental y básica, escogiendo para tal un diseño correlacional. Su interés se centra en explicar como se relacionan las variables Investigación Criminal y la Investigación Preparatoria. La población escogida fue el número de fiscales de las fiscalías provinciales y adjuntos, de los despachos fiscales de las fiscalías penales, así como los abogados penalistas de la provincia de Coronel Portillo. La cual se la ha identificado en un total 255 personas entre fiscales y abogados con una muestra del 95% que equivale a 204 personas. Los gráficos estadísticos encontrados, muestran que en 51.0% consideran que la investigación preparatoria llevada a cabo con una correcta investigación criminal es fuerte, así como un 50% sostienen que la estrategia criminalística y la estrategia legal son sinónimos. En ese sentido se ha llegado a la conclusión que una buena investigación criminalística fortalece la investigación preparatoria, es decir existe una relación significativa entre la investigación criminal y la investigación preparatoria

ALTERATIONS IN SOIL PROPERTIES INDUCED BY PASSIVE RESTORATION BY Clidemia urceolata DC IN THE ATLANTIC RAINFOREST OF BRAZIL

The passive restoration induced by nuclei of Clidemia urceolata affects the successional dynamics of ecosystems, and these in turn influence the physical and chemical characteristics of soils depleted by disturbed pastures, creating a positive synergy between the soil and the vegetation. This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of the top 30 cm of the soil. This was carried out at the Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Pinheiral Center, in the municipality of Pinheiral, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at five sampling sites with similar soil and physical environments. All the sites were pastures abandoned for different periods: 3 years of passive restoration (Site 1), 8 years (i.e., in an initial stage of colonization by plants; Site 2), 14 years (i.e., in an intermediate stage of colonization by plants; Site 3), 19 years (i.e., in an advanced stage of colonization by plants; Site 4), and 34 years (i.e., covered by fragments of secondary forest; Site 5). The following parameters were measured in the center of each site: a) mechanical resistance of the soil to penetration, b) apparent density, c) total porosity, d) macroporosity, e) microporosity, f) hydraulic conductivity, and g) nutrient content. The greatest contrasts in soil data were registered between 0 and 10 cm of depth, demonstrating the soil restoration done by the vegetation during passive restoration over 34 years. The development of Clidemia urceolata after 14 years is a key determinant of soil recovery, which modified its physical and chemical properties and created conditions for the environment to permit the growth and development of tree species, and the formation of forest fragments in less than 34 years of passive restoration, with no need of any additional efforts for the restoration of the disturbed areas.The passive restoration induced by nuclei of Clidemia urceolata affects the successional dynamics of ecosystems, and these in turn influence the physical and chemical characteristics of soils depleted by disturbed pastures, creating a positive synergy between the soil and the vegetation. This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of the top 30 cm of the soil. This was carried out at the Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Pinheiral Center, in the municipality of Pinheiral, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at five sampling sites with similar soil and physical environments. All the sites were pastures abandoned for different periods: 3 years of passive restoration (Site 1), 8 years (i.e., in an initial stage of colonization by plants; Site 2), 14 years (i.e., in an intermediate stage of colonization by plants; Site 3), 19 years (i.e., in an advanced stage of colonization by plants; Site 4), and 34 years (i.e., covered by fragments of secondary forest; Site 5). The following parameters were measured in the center of each site: a) mechanical resistance of the soil to penetration, b) apparent density, c) total porosity, d) macroporosity, e) microporosity, f) hydraulic conductivity, and g) nutrient content. The greatest contrasts in soil data were registered between 0 and 10 cm of depth, demonstrating the soil restoration done by the vegetation during passive restoration over 34 years. The development of Clidemia urceolata after 14 years is a key determinant of soil recovery, which modified its physical and chemical properties and created conditions for the environment to permit the growth and development of tree species, and the formation of forest fragments in less than 34 years of passive restoration, with no need of any additional efforts for the restoration of the disturbed areas

QUANTIFICATION OF THE HIDDEN RAIN IN SERRA DO MAR, STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO

As florestas de altitude situadas nas microbacias da Serra do Mar, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, apresentam servi\ue7os ambientais que contribuem para os diversos segmentos da sociedade carioca que demandam \ue1gua de qualidade e quantidade, assim como ambientes sustent\ue1veis. A condensa\ue7\ue3o do vapor d\u2019\ue1gua nas copas das \ue1rvores \ue9 um desses servi\ue7os, pois contribui positivamente para o balan\ue7o h\ueddrico. Seu entendimento poder\ue1 auxiliar no equacionamento de solu\ue7\uf5es e planejamento ambiental sustent\ue1vel. Esta percep\ue7\ue3o/ compreens\ue3o motivou o estudo da intercepta\ue7\ue3o horizontal (IH) em \ue1rea montanhosa na regi\ue3o de Nova Friburgo - RJ. Foram coletados e analisados dados de precipita\ue7\ue3o total (PT), precipita\ue7\ue3o pluviom\ue9trica ou externa (P), IH, precipita\ue7\ue3o interna (PI) e intercepta\ue7\ue3o da copa (IC) no per\uedodo compreendido entre dezembro de 2003 e janeiro de 2004, na encosta a barlavento da Serra do Mar, em Nova Friburgo. Os valores de precipita\ue7\ue3o total (PT) e Intercepta\ue7\ue3o Horizontal (IH) corresponderam a 786,23 mm e 68,71 mm, respectivamente. As perdas por IC foram de 25,46% e a PT foi de 125,66% em rela\ue7\ue3o \ue0 P, evidenciando que a IH influenciou no balan\ue7o h\ueddrico da regi\ue3o constituindo-se num importante servi\ue7o ambiental para os ecossistemas e para a popula\ue7\ue3o dependente da bacia estudada.The Montane Forest situated at the watersheds of Serra do Mar, state of Rio de Janeiro, presents environmental services that contribute for diverse segments of society, which demands water in quantity and with quality, as well as sustainable environments. Water vapor condensation at forest canopies is one of these services, as it contributes positively with hydrological water balance. It`s understanding can help the equation of solutions on sustainable environment planning, which motivated the study of horizontal interception (IH) on a Mountainous area in Nova Friburgo region. It was collected and analyzed data from total rainfall (PT), pluviometric rainfall (P), IH, internal precipitation (PI) e canopy interception (IC) during December 2003 to January 2004, at the windward slope of Serra do Mar, in Nova Friburgo. Values for total rainfall (PT) and horizontal interception (IH) corresponded to 786.23 mm and 68,71 mm, respectively. The lost from IC where of 25.46% and PT was 125.66% in relation to P, showing that IH influenced on the regional hydrological balance, constituting an important environmental service for ecosystem and population who depends on the watershed studied

PHYSICAL FACTORS OF THE LANDSCAPE WHICH CONDITION SPONTANEOUS FOREST RESTORATION

Intense and constant anthropic interventions transform extensive forest landscapes into mosaics of disturbed or degraded ecosystems. These ecosystems can restore themselves spontaneously, depending on the attributes offered by the physical environment and their capacity for resilience. This study’s objectives were the identification of plant formations in a conservation unit and the variables of the physical environment which favor the spontaneous restoration processes of the landscape. These variables were divided into classes using ArcGIS 10 and analyzed through the Principal Component Analysis. The concave curvature of the terrain was the physical factor which best contributed to the formation of a secondary forest in medium and advanced stages of succession, indicating that curvature is the determining factor for the spontaneous restoration of the landscape

QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA CHUVA OCULTA NA SERRA DO MAR, ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

The Montane Forest situated at the watersheds of Serra do Mar, state of Rio de Janeiro, presents environmental services that contribute for diverse segments of society, which demands water in quantity and with quality, as well as sustainable environments. Water vapor condensation at forest canopies is one of these services, as it contributes positively with hydrological water balance. It`s understanding can help the equation of solutions on sustainable environment planning, which motivated the study of horizontal interception (IH) on a Mountainous area in Nova Friburgo region. It was collected and analyzed data from total rainfall (PT), pluviometric rainfall (P), IH, internal precipitation (PI) e canopy interception (IC) during December 2003 to January 2004, at the windward slope of Serra do Mar, in Nova Friburgo. Values for total rainfall (PT) and horizontal interception (IH) corresponded to 786.23 mm and 68,71 mm, respectively. The lost from IC where of 25.46% and PT was 125.66% in relation to P, showing that IH influenced on the regional hydrological balance, constituting an important environmental service for ecosystem and population who depends on the watershed studied.As florestas de altitude situadas nas microbacias da Serra do Mar, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, apresentam serviços ambientais que contribuem para os diversos segmentos da sociedade carioca que demandam água de qualidade e quantidade, assim como ambientes sustentáveis. A condensação do vapor d’água nas copas das árvores é um desses serviços, pois contribui positivamente para o balanço hídrico. Seu entendimento poderá auxiliar no equacionamento de soluções e planejamento ambiental sustentável. Esta percepção/compreensão motivou o estudo da interceptação horizontal (IH) em área montanhosa na região de Nova Friburgo - RJ. Foram coletados e analisados dados de precipitação total (PT), precipitação pluviométrica ou externa (P), IH, precipitação interna (PI) e interceptação da copa (IC) no período compreendido entre dezembro de 2003 e janeiro de 2004, na encosta a barlavento da Serra do Mar, em Nova Friburgo. Os valores de precipitação total (PT) e Interceptação Horizontal (IH) corresponderam a 786,23 mm e 68,71 mm, respectivamente. As perdas por IC foram de 25,46% e a PT foi de 125,66% em relação à P, evidenciando que a IH influenciou no balanço hídrico da região constituindo-se num importante serviço ambiental para os ecossistemas e para a população dependente da bacia estudada

Evaluation of regeneration in disturbed ecosystems as indicator of restoration in environments with marked seasonality, Nova Iguaçu (RJ)

 A variação da composição florística e estrutural da regeneração natural (0,10 < altura < 3,0 m; CAP ≤ 15 cm) foi avaliada em áreas perturbadas de fragmento florestal secundário em estágio médio e pastagem, em ambiente Estacional Semidecidual de Nova Iguaçu (RJ). O levantamento florístico foi realizado durante período chuvoso (145 mm) e de estiagem (15 mm) no ano 2008, utilizando-se método fitossociológico de pontos. Os resultados evidenciaram a saída de 8 espécies (37,50% de trepadeiras e 37,50% de arbustivas decíduas) na floresta e 7 espécies (71,43% de herbáceas) na pastagem. A diversidade e o tipo de hábito das espécies regenerantes na floresta sinalizam a adaptação das espécies permanentes ao sistema ecológico com marcado período de estiagem, em que os efeitos climáticos afetam rapidamente as dinâmicas populacionais dos ecossistemas em fase de restauração.Palavras-chave: Sazonalidade; sucessão vegetal; restauração florestal. AbstractEvaluation of regeneration in disturbed ecosystems as indicator of restoration in environments with marked seasonality, Nova Iguaçu (RJ). The variation of the floristic and structural composition of the natural regeneration (0.10 <height <3.0 m; CAP ≤ 15 cm) were evaluated in disturbed area of middle stage secondary forest fragment  and pasture, in Semideciduous Seasonal Environment of Nova Iguaçu (RJ). The floristic survey was done during rain period (145 mm) as well as drought (15 mm) along the year 2008. It was used phytosociology point method. The results evidenced emergency of 8 species (creepers 37.50% and shrub 37.50%) in forest, and 7 species (71.43% herbaceous) in pasture. Diversity and kind of habit of species in regeneration in the forest point to adaptation of permanent species to the ecological system with marked drought period, as the climatic effects quickly affect population dynamics of the ecosystems in restoration phase. Keywords: Seasonality; vegetable succession; forest restoration. The variation of the floristic and structural composition of the natural regeneration (0.10 <height <3.0 m; CAP ≤ 15 cm) were evaluated in disturbed area of middle stage secondary forest fragment and pasture, in Semideciduous Seasonal Environment of Nova Iguaçu (RJ). The floristic survey was done during rain period (145 mm) as well as drought (15 mm) along the year 2008. It was used phytosociology point method. The results evidenced emergency of 8 species (creepers 37.50% and shrub 37.50%) in forest, and 7 species (71.43% herbaceous) in pasture. Diversity and kind of habit of species in regeneration in the forest point to adaptation of permanent species to the ecological system with marked drought period, as the climatic effects quickly affect population dynamics of the ecosystems in restoration phase

Rural and urban disparities in anemia among Peruvian children aged 6-59 months: a multivariate decomposition and spatial analysis

Introduction: Anemia is a global public health issue that affects mainly children aged less than 5 years. In Peru, despite the reduction in the prevalence of anemia between 2010 and 2018, anemia remains a major concern, especially in high-risk zones such as rural areas. Several sociodemographic factors have been associated with anemia in children; however, components contributing to the urban–rural gap have not been previously assessed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the determinants of the difference in anemia prevalence between urban and rural areas, and its spatial distribution in Peruvian children aged 6–59 months. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2019 Peruvian Demographic Health Survey. The study population included 18 846 children aged 6–59 months. A multivariate decomposition analysis for non-linear response model was performed to identify the factors contributing to the gap in the prevalence of anemia across urban and rural areas. Global Moran's I autocorrelation, Ordinary Kriging interpolation and Bernoullibased purely spatial scan statistics were employed to assess the spatial pattern of anemia. Results: Nationwide, the prevalence of anemia in Peru was 29.47% (95%CI 28.63–30.33). In rural areas, it was 38.25%, and in urban areas 26.39%. The decomposition analysis revealed that 88.61% of the difference in the prevalence of anemia between urban and rural areas was attributed to the difference in the respondents’ characteristics. Wealth index, mother's education, mother's employment status, number of living children and mother's age were key determinants contributing to the rural–urban gap. Spatial heterogeneity of anemia prevalence in childhood was observed at both inter and intradepartmental level. The SaTScan spatial analysis identified six significant cluster areas with high prevalence of anemia in childhood. Conclusion: A considerable gap of anemia prevalence between urban and rural areas was found. Targeted interventions are necessary to reduce geographic disparities.Revisión por pare

EL EMPLEO DE LA PLATAFORMA EDUVIRTUAL EN EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA APRENDIZAJE DE LA CARRERA INGENIERÍA AGRONOMÍA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y AGROPECUARIAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE HOLGUIN, CUBA

Las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje (PEA) ha ocasionado cambios sustanciales en las formas de organización, la interacción entre los sujetos y, de manera especial, en el modo en que aprenden y construyen el conocimiento. En tal sentido, la Universidad de Holguín cuenta con la plataforma interactiva Eduvirtual (Moodle) con el objetivo de que todas las asignaturas del currículo sean montadas en la misma para favorecer dicho proceso. La presente investigación parte de la determinación a través de un estudio de diagnóstico de las insuficiencias que presentan los profesores de la carrera Ingeniería en Agronomía de la Universidad de Holguín en el empleo de la Plataforma Eduvirtual. Como vía de solución al problema se propone la orientación a dichos profesores hacia un uso óptimo de la plataforma en el PEA, con acciones de orientación encaminadas a lograr un empleo efectivo y óptimo de los recursos y actividades con que cuenta dicha plataforma, tanto de forma sincrónica como asincrónica. Se sustenta en las concepciones teóricas en torno a la orientación educativa en el contexto de la Educación Superior. La aplicación de dichas acciones permitió la superación de los profesores de esta carrera. La pertinencia de estas se corroboró a través de los talleres de reflexió

Fauna de formigas como ferramenta para monitoramento de área de mineração reabilitada na Ilha da Madeira, Itaguaí, RJ.

Ant species richness and diversity may be increased in more complex habitats because they provide more niches and diverse ways of exploiting the environmental resources. Because of the connection between the organisms and habitat characteristics, ants have been used as tools for environmental monitoring of disturbed areas. In this study the structure of the ant community was investigated in plots with different management strategies for the rehabilitation of a mined area at Ilha da Madeira, Itaguaí, RJ, Brazil. A different and richer ant fauna was found in plots with more native tree species than in plots with a low number of tree species or without conservationist management.A riqueza e diversidade de espécies de formigas podem ser maiores em ambientes de complexidade mais elevada devido a uma maior disponibilidade de nichos presentes. Em razão da conexão entre os organismos e as características dos habitats, as formigas têm sido utilizadas como ferramentas no monitoramento ambiental de áreas perturbadas. Neste estudo, foi investigada a estrutura da comunidade de formigas em parcelas utilizadas para reabilitação de uma área de mineração na Ilha da Madeira, Itaguaí, RJ. Encontrou-se uma fauna diferenciada de formigas e maior riqueza de espécies em parcelas nas quais foi utilizado um maior número de espécies arbóreas nativas do que em parcelas com poucas espécies arbóreas ou sem nenhuma intervenção conservacionista

Padrões de precipitação e índices de erosividade para as chuvas de Seropédica e Nova Friburgo, RJ

Desenvolveu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de determinar os diferentes padrões de chuvas erosivas naturais, calcular os índices de erosividade EI30 e KE > 25 e ajustá-los aos dados mensais de precipitação para as regiões de Seropédica e Nova Friburgo, RJ. Com os resultados obtidos conclui-se que o padrão de chuva avançado é o de maior ocorrência para as duas regiões, correspondendo a 61 e 58% do número total das chuvas analisadas seguido, respectivamente, pelos padrões intermediário, com 24 e 24%, e atrasado, com 15 e 18%; os valores médios anuais de EI30 foram de 5.472,5 e de 5.431,2 MJ mm ha-1 h-1, para Seropédica e Nova Friburgo, respectivamente, enquanto os valores médios anuais de K E> 25 foram, respectivamente, de 76,8 e 83,5 MJ ha-1.This work was carried out in order to calculate the different storm patterns, the rainfall erosivity index (EI30 and KE > 25) and adjust them with the monthly precipitation data for Seropedica and Nova Friburgo, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the advanced pattern is the most common in these regions, corresponding to 61% in Seropedica and 58% in Nova Friburgo, of the total number of analyzed storms. The percentages of intermediate and delayed patterns were, respectively, 24 and 15%, for Seropedica and 24 and 18% for Nova Friburgo. The annual mean values of EI30 were 5,472.5 and 5,431.2 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 for Seropedica and Nova Friburgo, respectively. For the KE > 25 index, the annual mean values were 76.8 and 83.5 MJ ha-1 for Seropedica and Nova Friburgo, respectively