Method of forming a reinforced parchmented nonwoven product, and the product

This specification is generally related to reinforced, parchmented paper, composite, reinforced parchmented paper and methods of manufacture thereof. The reinforced, parchmented paper may be used to form a sausage casing

Method of forming a reinforced parchmented nonwoven product, and the product

This specification is generally related to reinforced, parchmented paper, composite, reinforced parchmented paper and methods of manufacture thereof. The reinforced, parchmented paper may be used to form a sausage casing

Strategies for Developing Sensitive and Automated LC-MS/MS Assays of a Pharmaceutical Compound and Its Metabolite from Whole Blood Matrix

pharmaceutic

Seeing Difference: The Effect of Economic Disparity on Black Attitudes Toward Latinos

Rapid growth in the size of the Latino population has increased the ethnic diversity of urban neighborhoods, transforming the residential experiences of many black Americans. The competition for scarce resources is considered a central force in black-Latino relations and a source of anti-Latino sentiment among blacks. This article examines how the level and the distribution of economic resources within diverse areas affect black attitudes toward Latinos. Drawing on a multilevel dataset of individual racial attitudes and neighborhood characteristics, the analysis reveals that the relative economic status of racial groups is an important influence on black attitudes. In environments where Latinos are economically advantaged relative to their black neighbors, blacks are more likely to harbor negative stereotypes about Latinos, to be reluctant to extend to Latinos the same policy benefits they themselves enjoy, and to view black and Latino economic and political interests as incompatible. While the results suggest that diversity without conflict is possible, they make clear that the prospects for intergroup comity depend on some resolution of blacks' economic insecurities.African and African American StudiesGovernmen

Mapping brain gene coexpression in daytime transcriptomes unveils diurnal molecular networks and deciphers perturbation gene signatures.

Brain tissue transcriptomes may be organized into gene coexpression networks, but their underlying biological drivers remain incompletely understood. Here, we undertook a large-scale transcriptomic study using 508 wild-type mouse striatal tissue samples dissected exclusively in the afternoons to define 38 highly reproducible gene coexpression modules. We found that 13 and 11 modules are enriched in cell-type and molecular complex markers, respectively. Importantly, 18 modules are highly enriched in daily rhythmically expressed genes that peak or trough with distinct temporal kinetics, revealing the underlying biology of striatal diurnal gene networks. Moreover, the diurnal coexpression networks are a dominant feature of daytime transcriptomes in the mouse cortex. We next employed the striatal coexpression modules to decipher the striatal transcriptomic signatures from Huntingtons disease models and heterozygous null mice for 52 genes, uncovering novel functions for Prkcq and Kdm4b in oligodendrocyte differentiation and bipolar disorder-associated Trank1 in regulating anxiety-like behaviors and nocturnal locomotion

Mapping brain gene coexpression in daytime transcriptomes unveils diurnal molecular networks and deciphers perturbation gene signatures.

Brain tissue transcriptomes may be organized into gene coexpression networks, but their underlying biological drivers remain incompletely understood. Here, we undertook a large-scale transcriptomic study using 508 wild-type mouse striatal tissue samples dissected exclusively in the afternoons to define 38 highly reproducible gene coexpression modules. We found that 13 and 11 modules are enriched in cell-type and molecular complex markers, respectively. Importantly, 18 modules are highly enriched in daily rhythmically expressed genes that peak or trough with distinct temporal kinetics, revealing the underlying biology of striatal diurnal gene networks. Moreover, the diurnal coexpression networks are a dominant feature of daytime transcriptomes in the mouse cortex. We next employed the striatal coexpression modules to decipher the striatal transcriptomic signatures from Huntington's disease models and heterozygous null mice for 52 genes, uncovering novel functions for Prkcq and Kdm4b in oligodendrocyte differentiation and bipolar disorder-associated Trank1 in regulating anxiety-like behaviors and nocturnal locomotion

MDM2 promotes p21(waf1/cip1) proteasomal turnover independently of ubiquitylation

The CDK inhibitor p21(waf1/cip1) is degraded by a ubiquitin-independent proteolytic pathway. Here, we show that MDM2 mediates this degradation process. Overexpression of wild-type or ring finger-deleted, but not nuclear localization signal (NLS)-deleted, MDM2 decreased p21(waf1/cip1) levels without ubiquitylating this protein and affecting its mRNA level in p53(–/–) cells. This decrease was reversed by the proteasome inhibitors MG132 and lactacystin, by p19(arf), and by small interfering RNA (siRNA) against MDM2. p21(waf1/cip1) bound to MDM2 in vitro and in cells. The p21(waf1/cip1)-binding-defective mutant of MDM2 was unable to degrade p21(waf1/cip1). MDM2 shortened the half-life of both exogenous and endogenous p21(waf1/cip1) by 50% and led to the degradation of its lysine-free mutant. Consequently, MDM2 suppressed p21(waf1/cip1)-induced cell growth arrest of human p53(–/–) and p53(–/–)/Rb(–/–)cells. These results demonstrate that MDM2 directly inhibits p21(waf1/cip1) function by reducing p21(waf1/cip1) stability in a ubiquitin-independent fashion

Field data and worldwide literature review reveal that alien crayfish mitigate the predation impact of the American bullfrog on native amphibians

Biological invasion studies have focused mostly on the competition and predation impact of invaders on native species; however, introduced species frequently interact with each other and, contrary to the ‘invasional meltdown theory’, such interactions may have non-interactive effects on native fauna. Here, the effects of the interaction between American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and decapod crayfish on native amphibians have been investigated. Introduced American bullfrog populations were studied at two sites in central Italy (Rome, Latium), with their selection based on the presence or absence of the alien Procambarus clarkii. The pattern emerging from the fieldwork was then verified by a worldwide literature review on the trophic niche of the American bullfrog. Both field surveys and global diet analysis showed that the abundance of native amphibians in the American bullfrog diet was reduced when introduced crayfish occurred in both native and non-native ranges. Thus, an alternative invasion model can be proposed in which the occurrence of one invader (P. clarkii) may reduce the negative effect of an alien predator (L. catesbeianus) on native species. The present findings suggest that the removal of invaders may not always be the best solution for protecting native prey, especially when alien species are interspersed with other introduced species. In such cases, multispecies operations, sequenced appropriately or undertaken simultaneously, would be preferable. Moreover, the identification of mechanisms facilitating the coexistence of native species with invaders can offer important management options