AS EXCLUDENTES DE RESPONSABILIDADE PREVISTAS NO TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNACIONAL

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo abordar de maneira pormenorizada as excludentes de responsabilidade previstas no Estatuto de Roma. Para tanto, foram analisados diversos teóricos de Direito Internacional Penal, buscando-se sempre identificar o entendimento de cada um deles sobre as excludentes aqui abordadas. Após o estudo, foi possível concluir que, no que pese os diferentes matizes teóricos dos estudiosos, a doutrina internacional penal se mostra em relativa harmonia, apresentando problemas e críticas semelhantes. Foi possível notar, ainda, a pouca aplicabilidade concreta dessas excludentes ao longo da história do Direito Internacional Penal, ponto esse muito criticado pela doutrina como um todo

Ionic liquids as entrainers for terpenes fractionation and other relevant separation problems

This work discusses the potential of two phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs), [P6,6,6,14]Cl and [P6,6,6,14][(C8H17)2PO2], and one methylimidazolium-based IL, [C4mim][OAc], as entrainers in the fractionation of terpene mixtures, in the desulfurization and denitrification of fuel oils, and in the separation of aromatics from aliphatic hydrocarbons. To this aim, the activity coefficients at infinite dilution of 45 solutes were obtained by gas-chromatography in the temperature range (333.15–458.15) K. Selectivities and capacities were calculated showing that [P6,6,6,14]Cl is adequate for the fractionation of (−)-menthone/L-(−)-menthol mixture, being also a suitable option for the deterpenation of citrus essential oil, and the removal of thiophene and pyridine from aliphatic hydrocarbons. To complement the experimental measurements COSMO-RS model was tested, demonstrating good potential to screen separation agents and give insights for several important separation problems, including the removal of contaminants from fuels and the isolation, fractionation and purification of terpenes mixtures.This work was developed within the scope of the project CICECOAveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020, and CIMO-Mountain Research Center, UIDB/00690/2020, both financed by national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/MCTES. Sérgio M. Vilas-Boas also thanks FCT for the Ph.D. grant (SFRH/BD/138149/2018).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparison of two computational methods for solvent screening in countercurrent and centrifugal partition chromatography

Countercurrent and centrifugal partition chromatography are techniques applied in the separation and isolation of compounds from natural extracts. One of the key design parameters of these processes is the selection of the biphasic solvent system that provides for the adequate partitioning of the solutes. To address this challenging task, the fully predictive Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) and the semi-predictive Non-Random Two-Liquid Segment Activity Coefficient (NRTL-SAC) model were applied to estimate the partition coefficients ( K ) of four model phenolic compounds (vanillin, ferulic acid, ( S )-hesperetin and quercetin) in different solvent systems. Complementing the experimental data collected in the literature, partition coefficients of each solute in binary, or quaternary, solvent sys- tems were measured at 298.2 K. Higher deviations from the experimental data were obtained using the predictive COSMO-RS model, with an average RMSD (root-mean-square deviation) in log( K ) of 1.17 of all four solutes (61 data points), providing a satisfactory quantitative description only for the systems containing vanillin (RSMD = 0.57). For the NRTL-SAC model, the molecular parameters of the solutes were initially calculated by correlating a set of K and solubility ( x , in mole fraction) data (16 partition coefficients and 44 solubility data points), for which average RMSD values of 0.07 and 0.41 were obtained in log( K ) and log( x ) , respectively. The predictions of the remaining log( K ) data (45 partition coefficients) resulted in an average RMSD of 0.43, suggesting that the NRTL-SAC model was a more reliable quantitative solvent screening tool. Depending on the amount of available solubility and partition data, both models can be valuable alternatives in the preliminary stages of solvent screening destined to select the optimal mobile and stationary phases for a given separation.This work was developed within the scope of the project All- Nat - POCI-01–0145-FEDER-030463 (PTDC/EQU-EPQ/30463/2017), funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020 –Prog. Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI), and by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT/MCTES). Support was also provided by CIMO-Mountain Research Center, UIDB/00690/2020 and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020, both financed by national funds through FCT/MCTES. S. M. Vilas-Boas thanks FCT and the European Social Fund (ESF) for his Ph.D. grant (SFRH/BD/138149/2018). I. W. Cordova and H. Almeida also thank project AllNat - POCI-01–0145-FEDER-030463 for their contracts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mutação do Gene p53 induzindo predisposição hereditária ao câncer: relato de um caso da síndrome de Li-Fraumeni

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a familiar cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by the appearance of various types of tumors, such as sarcomas, breast carcinomas, brain tumors and leukemia. We present the case of a 37-year-old female who had a strong family history of cancer and herself had a history of six different primary tumors (one colon, one displasic nevus, one ovary and three breast tumors). P53 gene sequencing of her peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed an amino acid change of tryptofan (TGG) to a stop-codon (TAG) in the nucleotide 437 of codon 146 of exon 5 of this gene. Clinical, preventive and ethical implications of this molecular finding are also discussed.A Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni é uma síndrome de predisposição familiar ao câncer, caracterizada pela presença de múltiplos tumores, tais como sarcomas, carcinomas de mama, tumores cerebrais e leucemia. O caso relatado é de uma paciente feminina de 37 anos, que apresenta uma significativa história familiar de câncer, bem como história pessoal de seis diferentes tumores primários (um de cólon, um nevus displásico, um de ovário e três de mama). O seqüenciamento do gene supressor de tumor p53 em seus linfócitos presentes no sangue periférico revelou uma mutação do aminoácido triptofano (TGG) para um códon de parada prematuro (TAG), no nucleotídeo 437 do códon 146 do exon 5 deste gene. As implicações clínicas, preventivas e éticas deste caso são também abordadas

Étude des effets protecteurs de la protéine PAP et de ses mécanismes d'action dans des modèles de colite aiguë

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic, complex and relapsing inflammatory conditions of GIT that has been a global health problem, with an increasing incidence. It includes two main forms, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which are characterized by alternating phases of clinical relapse and remission. One of the molecules that has been studied by our research group in the treatment of IBD is the Pancreatitis Associated Protein I (PAP). PAP has a variety of activities, which includes anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial effects and proliferative, maintaining host-bacterial homeostasis in the mammalian gut. Several new strategies using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for the expression or ability to metabolize molecules capable of reducing inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases have been studied in recent years. Here, we first sought to determine whether PAP delivered at intestinal membrane by recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain, LL-PAP, is able to modulate the microbiota community and reduce the chemically induced intestinal inflammation. After a DiNitro-BenzeneSulfonic-acid (DNBS) challenge, mice treated with LL-PAP showed a decrease in the colitis severity compared to those treated with the control L. lactis strain. This effect was characterized by: protection against weight loss; lower macroscopical and histological scores; and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by lymphocytes in Mesenteric Lymph Node (MLN). Moreover after 5 days of treatment LL-PAP was able to increase the diversity of the microbiota and relative abundance of Eubacterium plexicaudatum, a bacterium producing an anti-inflammatory molecule, the butyrate. This modification of the microbiota could participate to the anti-inflammatory properties of LL-PAP. Then, we compared LL-PAP and a recombinant strain of Lactobacillus casei, LC-PAP, producing PAP in the treatment of acute colitis induced by DNBS. Beyond the comparison between both strains we also compared two different protocols of administration: i) a daily administration; or ii) an administration every 3 days. The analysis of weight loss, macroscopic score and cytokines showed us that Lactococcus lactis should be administered every day to confer protection, while Lactobacillus casei should be administered every 3 days to show a tendency to protect mice. Our data showed the importance of the vector and the timing of the treatment. We also performed the evaluation of the protection induced by a L. lactis strain delivering a plasmid for PAP expression by epithelial cells, LL-PAP cDNA, compared with LL-PAP in a murine model of DNBS acute colitis. We hypothesized that the use of the two different strains could modifiy the PAP concentration at different places. Administration of LL-PAP increases PAP into the lumen whereas the use of LL-PAP cDNA enhances the level of PAP produced by epithelial cells. Our results showed that both groups of recombinant L. lactis showed the same protective effect compared with LL empty group. Nevertheless, PAP-cDNA was able to induce the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and this result may suggest an activation of Treg cells differentiation. Taken altogether, we can infer that the location of PAP delivery may influence its anti-inflammatory properties but not regarding weight loss and macroscopic scores. These results confirmed the choice of the strategy used to deliver the molecule is as important as the choice of the molecule per se.Les Maladies Inflammatoires Chroniques Intestinales (MICI) sont un groupe de maladies inflammatoires chroniques, complexes et récidivantes du Tractus Gastro-Intestinal (TGI). Elles sont un problème de santé mondial ayant une incidence croissante. Elles comprennent deux formes principales, la Maladie de Crohn (MC) et la Rectocolite Hémorragique (RH), caractérisées par des phases alternées de rechute clinique et de rémission. L'une des molécules qui a été étudiée par notre groupe de recherche dans le traitement des MICI est la Pancreatitis-Associated Protein I (PAP). La PAP a différentes activités, qui comprennent des effets anti-apoptotiques, anti-inflammatoires, antibactériens et prolifératifs Elle participe au maintien de l'homéostasie intestinale chez les mammifères. Plusieurs nouvelles stratégies utilisant des bactéries lactiques (BL) pour l'expression de molécules capables de réduire l'inflammation intestinale ont été étudiées ces dernières années dans notre laboratoire. Ici, nous avons d'abord cherché à déterminer si la PAP délivrée au niveau de la membrane intestinale par une souche recombinante de L. lactis, LL-PAP, est capable de moduler la composition du microbiote et de réduire l'inflammation intestinale. Après une inflammation provoquée par l’injection de de Di-Nitro-Benzène-Sulfonique (DNBS), les souris traitées avec la LL-PAP montrent une diminution de la sévérité de la colite par rapport à celles traitées avec la souche témoin L. lactis. Cet effet est caractérisé par: une protection contre la perte de poids; scores macroscopique et histologique plus faibles; et la régulation à la baisse des cytokines pro-inflammatoires sécrétées par les lymphocytes dans le ganglion mésentérique lymphatique. Après 5 jours de traitement, la LL-PAP augmente la diversité du microbiote et l'abondance relative d'Eubacterium plexicaudatum, une bactérie productrice d’une molécule anti-inflammatoire, le butyrate. Cette modification du microbiote pourrait participer à l’effet anti-inflammatoire de LL-PAP. Ensuite, nous avons comparé LL-PAP avec une souche recombinante Lactobacillus casei, LC-PAP, exprimant la PAP dans le traitement de la colite aiguë induite par le DNBS. Au-delà de la comparaison entre les deux souches, nous avons également comparé deux protocoles d'administration différents : i) une administration journalière ; ou ii) une administration tous les 3 jours. L'analyse de la perte de poids, du score macroscopique et des cytokines nous a montré que Lactococcus lactis doit être administrée tous les jours pour conférer une protection, tandis que Lactobacillus casei doit être administrée tous les 3 jours pour montrer une tendance à protéger les souris. Nos données ont donc montré l'importance du vecteur et du timing du traitement. Nous avons également comparé la protection induite par une souche de L. lactis délivrant un plasmide codant pour l'expression de PAP dans les cellules épithéliales, LL-PAP cDNA, avec LL-PAP dans un modèle murin de colite aiguë au DNBS. Nous avons fait l’hypothèse que l’utilisation des deux différentes souches entraine l’augmentation de PAP à deux endroits différents. L’administration de LL-PAP va augmenter la PAP dans la lumière intestinale alors que celle de LL-PAP cDNA l’augmente dans les cellules épithéliales. Nos résultats ont montré que les deux groupes de L. lactis recombinants présentaient le même effet protecteur comparé au groupe LL vide. Néanmoins LL-PAP cDNA est capable d'induire la production de cytokines anti-inflammatoires et ce résultat suggére une activation de la différenciation des cellules Treg. Pris dans leur ensemble, nous pouvons déduire que l'emplacement de l'administration de PAP peut influencer ses propriétés anti-inflammatoires, mais pas les effets sur la perte de poids et les scores macroscopiques. Ces résultats confirment que le choix de la stratégie utilisée pour délivrer la molécule est aussi importante que le choix de la molécule proprement dite

Dance improvisation : a dialogue between the child and the artist teacher

Orientador: Márcia Maria Strazzacappa HernandezDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoResumo: A presente pesquisa versa sobre a improvisação como proposta de iniciação à dança com crianças entre sete e dez anos de idade. Por meio da etnografia, estuda e analisa aulas de dança por mim ministradas na Escola Municipal de Iniciação Artística de São Paulo/SP, usando como recorte o ano de 2011. A partir do conceito de experiência de Jorge Larrosa Bondía, discute sobre procedimentos metodológicos que possibilitem a participação efetiva da criança na elaboração de seu próprio aprendizado em dança. Para o aprofundamento do estudo sobre a improvisação como forma de aprimorar as habilidades físicas e as capacidades sensíveis e criativas da criança, traz como referencial teórico pesquisadores que estudam a fenomenologia (Machado 2010), a educação em dança (Strazzacappa, 2001, 2006) e a improvisação (Gouvêa 2012). As aulas de dança pautadas na improvisação mostraram que é possível proporcionar às crianças um denso conhecimento em dança e a construção de uma experiência estética autoral.Abstract: This research deals with improvisation as proposed initiation to dance with children between seven and ten years old. Through ethnography, studies and analyzes dance classes taught by me at the Municipal School of Art Initiation of São Paulo / SP, using as clipping the year 2011. From the concept of experience Bondia Jorge Larrosa, discusses methodological procedures which enable the effective participation of children in constructing their own learning in dance. To deepen the study of improvisation as a way to enhance the physical abilities and capacities sensitive and creative child brings as theoretical researchers studying phenomenology (Machado 2010), education in dance (Strazzacappa, 2001, 2006) and improvisation (Gouvea 2012). Dance classes in guided improvisation showed that it is possible to give children a dense knowledge in dance and the construction of an aesthetic experience copyright.MestradoEducação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e ArteMestra em Educaçã

AS EXCLUDENTES DE RESPONSABILIDADE PREVISTAS NO TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNACIONAL

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo abordar de maneira pormenorizada as excludentes de responsabilidade previstas no Estatuto de Roma. Para tanto, foram analisados diversos teóricos de Direito Internacional Penal, buscando-se sempre identificar o entendimento de cada um deles sobre as excludentes aqui abordadas. Após o estudo, foi possível concluir que, no que pese os diferentes matizes teóricos dos estudiosos, a doutrina internacional penal se mostra em relativa harmonia, apresentando problemas e críticas semelhantes. Foi possível notar, ainda, a pouca aplicabilidade concreta dessas excludentes ao longo da história do Direito Internacional Penal, ponto esse muito criticado pela doutrina como um todo.</p

Reciclagem de óleos residuais para a produção de sabão no município de Itapetinga-BA

O presente estudo teve como objetivo reciclar óleos residuais como uma alternativa ecologicamente viável para a produção de sabão. As amostras foram coletadas em bares, lanchonetes, pastelarias, hotéis e residências da cidade de Itapetinga-BA e conduzidas ao laboratório para análises físico-químicas. Foram testadas treze metodologias, destas selecionaram-se apenas três, considerando as seguintes características: qualidade tecnológica de textura, aparência e pH adequados. Os sabões processados foram submetidos ao teste de aceitação em nove lavanderias comunitárias municipais utilizando questionários para avaliação, julgando os atributos de consistência, espuma, remoção de sujeira e rendimento. Os resultados obtidos revelaram não haver diferença significativa ao nível de 5% de probabilidade entre a aceitação os sabões processados.  Assim sendo, a reciclagem de óleos e gorduras é viável e sua utilização deve ser estimulada como uma ferramenta para preservação do meio ambiente