178 research outputs found
Interventions To Improve Patients' Compliance With Therapies Aimed At Lowering Glycated Hemoglobin (hba1c) In Type 1 Diabetes: Systematic Review And Meta-analyses Of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials Of Psychological, Telecare, And Educational Interventions
Brazilian records on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes show treatment efficacy. Poor patient adherence to therapeutic proposals influences these results and can be associated with social, psychological, and economic aspects, besides others factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of psychological, telecare, and educational interventions to improve treatment compliance among patients with type 1 diabetes. Compliance was assessed indirectly using reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as the principal outcome measure. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were performed using Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus databases up to April 2015. The following medical subject headings were used: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Patient Compliance or Adherence, Hemoglobin A, glycated, and Randomized Controlled Trial. The principal outcome was change in HbA1c between baseline and follow-up. Where appropriate, trials were combined in meta-analysis using fixed effects models. Results: From 191 articles initially identified, 57 were full text reviewed, and 19 articles met the inclusion criteria providing data from 1782 patients (49.4 % males, age 18 years). The RCTs (2 to 24 months in duration) were divided into four groups according to type of intervention: psychology (seven studies; 818 patients), telecare (six studies; 494 patients); education (five studies; 349 patients), and psychoeducation (one study; 153 patients). All studies reported some type of adherence measurement of the interventions. Decrease in HbA1c was observed after psychology (MD -0.310; 95 % CI, -0.599 to -0.0210, P = 0.035) but not after telecare (MD -0.124 %; 95 % CI, -0.268, 0.020; P = 0.090) or educational (MD -0.001; 95 % CI, -0.202, 0.200; P = 0.990) interventions. Conclusion: Psychological approaches to improve adherence to diabetes care treatment modestly reduced HbA1c in patients with type 1 diabetes; telecare and education interventions did not change glycemic control. However, the limited number of studies included as well as their methodological quality should be taken into account. © 2016 Viana et al.17
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Uso Da Ferramenta Pentaho Bi‐Server: Analisando A Violência Contra Mulher, No Estado Do Rio Grande Do Sul
Multidimensional Rovella-like attractors
We present a multidimensional flow exhibiting a Rovella-like attractor: a
transitive invariant set with a non-Lorenz-like singularity accumulated by
regular orbits and a multidimensional non-uniformly expanding invariant
direction. Moreover, this attractor has a physical measure with full support
but persists along certain0909.1033 submanifolds of the space of vector fields.
As in the 3-dimensional Rovella-like attractor, this example is not robust. The
construction introduces a class of multidimensional dynamics, whose suspension
provides the Rovella-like attractor, which are partially hyperbolic, and whose
quotient over stable leaves is a multidimensional endomorphism to which
Benedicks-Carleson type arguments are applied to prove non-uniform expansion.Comment: 45 pages, 14 figures; improved introduction with more citations to
other relevant related works. To appear in Journal of Differential Equation
Statistical mechanics of the random K-SAT model
The Random K-Satisfiability Problem, consisting in verifying the existence of
an assignment of N Boolean variables that satisfy a set of M=alpha N random
logical clauses containing K variables each, is studied using the replica
symmetric framework of diluted disordered systems. We present an exact
iterative scheme for the replica symmetric functional order parameter together
for the different cases of interest K=2, K>= 3 and K>>1. The calculation of the
number of solutions, which allowed us [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3881 (1996)] to
predict a first order jump at the threshold where the Boolean expressions
become unsatisfiable with probability one, is thoroughly displayed. In the case
K=2, the (rigorously known) critical value (alpha=1) of the number of clauses
per Boolean variable is recovered while for K>=3 we show that the system
exhibits a replica symmetry breaking transition. The annealed approximation is
proven to be exact for large K.Comment: 34 pages + 1 table + 8 fig., submitted to Phys. Rev. E, new section
added and references update
CMB-Cluster Lensing
Clusters of galaxies are powerful cosmological probes, particularly if their
masses can be determined. One possibility for mass determination is to study
the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on small angular scales and observe
deviations from a pure gradient due to lensing of massive clusters. I show
that, neglecting contamination, this technique has the power to determine
cluster masses very accurately, in agreement with estimates by Seljak and
Zaldarriaga (1999). However, the intrinsic small scale structure of the CMB
significantly degrades this power. The resulting mass constraints are useless
unless one imposes a prior on the concentration parameter c. With even a modest
prior on c, an ambitious CMB experiment (0.5' resolution and 1 microK per
pixel) could determine masses of high redshift (z>0.5) clusters with ~ 30%
accuracy.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figure
Colossal dielectric constants in transition-metal oxides
Many transition-metal oxides show very large ("colossal") magnitudes of the
dielectric constant and thus have immense potential for applications in modern
microelectronics and for the development of new capacitance-based
energy-storage devices. In the present work, we thoroughly discuss the
mechanisms that can lead to colossal values of the dielectric constant,
especially emphasising effects generated by external and internal interfaces,
including electronic phase separation. In addition, we provide a detailed
overview and discussion of the dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 and related
systems, which is today's most investigated material with colossal dielectric
constant. Also a variety of further transition-metal oxides with large
dielectric constants are treated in detail, among them the system La2-xSrxNiO4
where electronic phase separation may play a role in the generation of a
colossal dielectric constant.Comment: 31 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. for publication in
the Special Topics volume "Cooperative Phenomena in Solids: Metal-Insulator
Transitions and Ordering of Microscopic Degrees of Freedom
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