Sentiment Analysis Using XLM-R Transformer and Zero-shot Transfer Learning on Resource-poor Indian Language

Sentiment analysis on social media relies on comprehending the natural language and using a robust machine learning technique that learns multiple layers of representations or features of the data and produces state-of-the-art prediction results. The cultural miscellanies, geographically limited trending topic hash-tags, access to aboriginal language keyboards, and conversational comfort in native language compound the linguistic challenges of sentiment analysis. This research evaluates the performance of cross-lingual contextual word embeddings and zero-shot transfer learning in projecting predictions from resource-rich English to resource-poor Hindi language. The cross-lingual XLM-RoBERTa classification model is trained and fine-tuned using the English language Benchmark SemEval 2017 dataset Task 4 A and subsequently zero-shot transfer learning is used to evaluate the classification model on two Hindi sentence-level sentiment analysis datasets, namely, IITP-Movie and IITP-Product review datasets. The proposed model compares favorably to state-of-the-art approaches and gives an effective solution to sentence-level (tweet-level) analysis of sentiments in a resource-poor scenario. The proposed model compares favorably to state-of-the-art approaches and achieves an average performance accuracy of 60.93 on both the Hindi datasets

Explainable artificial intelligence for sarcasm detection in dialogues

Sarcasm detection in dialogues has been gaining popularity among natural language processing (NLP) researchers with the increased use of conversational threads on social media. Capturing the knowledge of the domain of discourse, context propagation during the course of dialogue, and situational context and tone of the speaker are some important features to train the machine learning models for detecting sarcasm in real time. As situational comedies vibrantly represent human mannerism and behaviour in everyday real-life situations, this research demonstrates the use of an ensemble supervised learning algorithm to detect sarcasm in the benchmark dialogue dataset, MUStARD. The punch-line utterance and its associated context are taken as features to train the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) method. The primary goal is to predict sarcasm in each utterance of the speaker using the chronological nature of a scene. Further, it is vital to prevent model bias and help decision makers understand how to use the models in the right way. Therefore, as a twin goal of this research, we make the learning model used for conversational sarcasm detection interpretable. This is done using two post hoc interpretability approaches, Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), to generate explanations for the output of a trained classifier. The classification results clearly depict the importance of capturing the intersentence context to detect sarcasm in conversational threads. The interpretability methods show the words (features) that influence the decision of the model the most and help the user understand how the model is making the decision for detecting sarcasm in dialogues

Vision-based Semantic Segmentation in Scene Understanding for Autonomous Driving: Recent Achievements, Challenges, and Outlooks

Scene understanding plays a crucial role in autonomous driving by utilizing sensory data for contextual information extraction and decision making. Beyond modeling advances, the enabler for vehicles to become aware of their surroundings is the availability of visual sensory data, which expand the vehicular perception and realizes vehicular contextual awareness in real-world environments. Research directions for scene understanding pursued by related studies include person/vehicle detection and segmentation, their transition analysis, lane change, and turns detection, among many others Unfortunately, these tasks seem insufficient to completely develop fully-autonomous vehicles i.e. achieving level-5 autonomy, travelling just like human-controlled cars. This latter statement is among the conclusions drawn from this review paper: scene understanding for autonomous driving cars using vision sensors still requires significant improvements. With this motivation, this survey defines, analyzes, and reviews the current achievements of the scene understanding research area that mostly rely on computationally complex deep learning models. Furthermore, it covers the generic scene understanding pipeline, investigates the performance reported by the state-of-the-art, informs about the time complexity analysis of avant garde modeling choices, and highlights major triumphs and noted limitations encountered by current research efforts. The survey also includes a comprehensive discussion on the available datasets, and the challenges that, even if lately confronted by researchers, still remain open to date. Finally, our work outlines future research directions to welcome researchers and practitioners to this exciting domain.This work was supported by the European Commission through European Union (EU) and Japan for Artificial Intelligence (AI) under Grant 957339

Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Aged Nickel-based Alloy 625 Weld Metal

The aim of this work was to evaluate the different phases formed during solidification and after thermal aging of the as-welded 625 nickel-based alloy, as well as the influence of microstructural changes on the mechanical properties. The experiments addressed aging temperatures of 650 and 950 A degrees C for 10, 100, and 200 hours. The samples were analyzed by electron microscopy, microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction in order to identify the secondary phases. Mechanical tests such as hardness, microhardness, and Charpy-V impact test were performed. Nondestructive ultrasonic inspection was also conducted to correlate the acquired signals with mechanical and microstructural properties. The results show that the alloy under study experienced microstructural changes when aged at 650 A degrees C. The aging was responsible by the dissolution of the Laves phase formed during the solidification and the appearance of gamma aEuro(3) phase within interdendritic region and fine carbides along the solidification grain boundaries. However, when it was aged at 950 A degrees C, the Laves phase was continuously dissolved and the excess Nb caused the precipitation of the delta-phase (Ni3Nb), which was intensified at 10 hours of aging, with subsequent dissolution for longer periods such as 200 hours. Even when subjected to significant microstructural changes, the mechanical properties, especially toughness, were not sensitive to the dissolution and/or precipitation of the secondary phases

Machine learning for molecular and materials science

Here we summarize recent progress in machine learning for the chemical sciences. We outline machine-learning techniques that are suitable for addressing research questions in this domain, as well as future directions for the field. We envisage a future in which the design, synthesis, characterization and application of molecules and materials is accelerated by artificial intelligence.</p

Efficient supervised optimum-path forest classification for large datasets

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Today data acquisition technologies come up with large datasets with millions of samples for statistical analysis. This creates a tremendous challenge for pattern recognition techniques, which need to be more efficient without losing their effectiveness. We have tried to circumvent the problem by reducing it into the fast computation of an optimum-path forest (OPF) in a graph derived from the training samples. In this forest, each class may be represented by multiple trees rooted at some representative samples. The forest is a classifier that assigns to a new sample the label of its most strongly connected root. The methodology has been successfully used with different graph topologies and learning techniques. In this work, we have focused on one of the supervised approaches, which has offered considerable advantages over Support Vector Machines and Artificial Neural Networks to handle large datasets. We propose (i) a new algorithm that speeds up classification and (ii) a solution to reduce the training set size with negligible effects on the accuracy of classification, therefore further increasing its efficiency. Experimental results show the improvements with respect to our previous approach and advantages over other existing methods, which make the new method a valuable contribution for large dataset analysis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.451512520Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundacao Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (FUNCAP) [35.0053/2011.1]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [2009/16206-1, 2007/52015-0]CNPq [481556/2009-5, 303673/2010-91]Fundacao Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (FUNCAP) [35.0053/2011.1

Computer techniques towards the automatic characterization of graphite particles in metallographic images of industrial materials

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The automatic characterization of particles in metallographic images has been paramount, mainly because of the importance of quantifying such microstructures in order to assess the mechanical properties of materials common used in industry. This automated characterization may avoid problems related with fatigue and possible measurement errors. In this paper, computer techniques are used and assessed towards the accomplishment of this crucial industrial goal in an efficient and robust manner. Hence, the use of the most actively pursued machine learning classification techniques. In particularity, Support Vector Machine, Bayesian and Optimum-Path Forest based classifiers, and also the Otsu's method, which is commonly used in computer imaging to binarize automatically simply images and used here to demonstrated the need for more complex methods, are evaluated in the characterization of graphite particles in metallographic images. The statistical based analysis performed confirmed that these computer techniques are efficient solutions to accomplish the aimed characterization. Additionally, the Optimum-Path Forest based classifier demonstrated an overall superior performance, both in terms of accuracy and speed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.402590597Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundacao Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (FUNCAP), in Brazil through a DCR Grant [35.0053/2011.1]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq [303673/2010-9, 303182/2011-3]FAPESP [2009/16206-1, 2011/14058-5]Fundacao Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (FUNCAP), in Brazil through a DCR Grant [35.0053/2011.1

Cloud-assisted multiview video summarization using CNN and bidirectional LSTM

© 2005-2012 IEEE. The massive amount of video data produced by surveillance networks in industries instigate various challenges in exploring these videos for many applications, such as video summarization (VS), analysis, indexing, and retrieval. The task of multiview video summarization (MVS) is very challenging due to the gigantic size of data, redundancy, overlapping in views, light variations, and interview correlations. To address these challenges, various low-level features and clustering-based soft computing techniques are proposed that cannot fully exploit MVS. In this article, we achieve MVS by integrating deep neural network based soft computing techniques in a two-tier framework. The first online tier performs target-appearance-based shots segmentation and stores them in a lookup table that is transmitted to cloud for further processing. The second tier extracts deep features from each frame of a sequence in the lookup table and pass them to deep bidirectional long short-term memory (DB-LSTM) to acquire probabilities of informativeness and generates a summary. Experimental evaluation on benchmark dataset and industrial surveillance data from YouTube confirms the better performance of our system compared to the state-of-the-art MVS methods

Light-DehazeNet: A Novel Lightweight CNN Architecture for Single Image Dehazing.

Due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, industrial sectors are revolutionizing in automation, reliability, and robustness, thereby significantly increasing quality and productivity. Most of the surveillance and industrial sectors are monitored by visual sensor networks capturing different surrounding environment images. However, during tempestuous weather conditions, the visual quality of the images is reduced due to contaminated suspended atmospheric particles that affect the overall surveillance systems. To tackle these challenges, this article presents a computationally efficient lightweight convolutional neural network referred to as Light-DehazeNet (LD-Net) for the reconstruction of hazy images. Unlike other learning-based approaches, which separately measure the transmission map and the atmospheric light, our proposed LD-Net jointly estimates both the transmission map and the atmospheric light using a transformed atmospheric scattering model. Furthermore, a color visibility restoration method is proposed to evade the color distortion in the dehaze image. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments using synthetic and natural hazy images. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation on different benchmark hazy datasets verify the superiority of the proposed method over other state-of-the-art image dehazing techniques. Moreover, additional experimentation validates the applicability of the proposed method in the object detection tasks. Considering the lightweight architecture with minimal computational cost, the proposed system is encouraged to be incorporated as an integral part of the vision-based monitoring systems to improve the overall performance

Multi-View Summarization and Activity Recognition Meet Edge Computing in IoT Environments

Multiview video summarization (MVS) has not received much attention from the research community due to inter-view correlations and views' overlapping, etc. The majority of previous MVS works are offline, relying on only summary, and require additional communication bandwidth and transmission time, with no focus on foggy environments. We propose an edge intelligence-based MVS and activity recognition framework that combines artificial intelligence with Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In our framework, resource-constrained devices with cameras use a lightweight CNN-based object detection model to segment multiview videos into shots, followed by mutual information computation that helps in a summary generation. Our system does not rely solely on a summary, but encodes and transmits it to a master device using a neural computing stick for inter-view correlations computation and efficient activity recognition, an approach which saves computation resources, communication bandwidth, and transmission time. Experiments show an increase of 0.4 unit in F -measure on an MVS Office dateset and 0.2% and 2% improved accuracy for UCF-50 and YouTube 11 datesets, respectively, with lower storage and transmission times. The processing time is reduced from 1.23 to 0.45 s for a single frame and optimally 0.75 seconds faster MVS. A new dateset is constructed by synthetically adding fog to an MVS dateset to show the adaptability of our system for both certain and uncertain IoT surveillance environments.</p