Dispersal in the Desert: Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Guinea Baboon (Papio papio) in Mauritania

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Development of a robust HS-SPME-GC-MS method for the analysis of solid food samples. Analysis of volatile compounds in fresh raw beef of differing lipid oxidation degrees

This work presents a headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method for the analysis of solid food samples in extended experiments. The final procedure was used to quantify 30 volatile compounds in fresh beef. The strategy adds robustness to the classic SPME methods for solid samples, by including a control solution that solves several challenges. The control solution contained one representative compound for each studied family of beef, and two internal standards. Response factors were calculated for each family, and were subsequently applied to every compound belonging to the same family. This strategy allowed control of the quantification procedure even when the fibre, column or control solution changed. Repeatability and reproducibility had relative standard deviation values below 17%, except for phenylacetaldehyde, (E)-2-nonenal and (E, Z)-2, 4-decadienal. Although the method described here was applied to animal products, it has also been successfully used to distinguish between samples from different lipid oxidation stabilities

O uso dos modelos na educação: contribuições para o estudo da sexualidade

Este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa sobre o uso dos modelos na educação. Foi analisado um modelo que guarda uma relação subliminar com a temática sexualidade. O estudo foi orientado pela teoria de Gilbert & Boutler para os quais o modelo pode ser a representação de uma ideia, um evento, um processo ou um sistema. Esse pressuposto nos encaminhou para a questão: Quais são os significados atribuídos por estudantes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos aos modelos expressos que guarda uma relação com a temática sexualidade? Para responder a esta questão foi feita uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, que se valeu do uso do questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. Verificou-se que, no processo de compreensão dos significados atribuídos à imagem, há uma dinâmica de articulações entre conhecimento/realidade e a elaboração conceitual que se dá no âmbito do senso comum ou científico

Flour fortification for nutritional and health improvement: A review

Deficiencies of micronutrients, essentially vitamins and minerals, have mainly cause several illnesses, especially in children and women worldwide. Governments and world organizations have focused great efforts to address these shortcomings and improve the health of the populations. This malnutrition can be combated by fortifying basic foods that are consumed daily. Thus, flours, especially wheat, maize and rice, are a popular and common food in the world's populations diet and are gaining considerable attention as a suitable vehicle for micronutrient fortification. There are some studies that show the effectiveness of flour fortification in combating micronutrient deficiencies and several diseases and the flour fortification strategies are directed to meet nutritional and health needs of the populations. The main points discussed in this review are food fortification, with great focus in flour fortification, health benefits, and legislative issues. This review also highlights multifaceted issues related to flour fortification to meet nutritional needs and to improve the health of vulnerable populations.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019), R.V.C. Cardoso grant (SFRH/BD/137436/2018). L. Barros and A. Fernandes also thank the national funding by FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for their contracts. This work is funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds (FEEI) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project Mobilizador ValorNatural®; and to FEEI through the Rural Development Program (PDR2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development of nutraceutical formulations based on the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus

The present work is aimed at developing nutraceutical formulations based on the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus, highlighting the potential of in vitro culture as a tool to improve the production of bioactive compounds, namely phenolic acids and ergosterol. The mycelia of both species were cultured in different solid and liquid media in order to compare the growth rate and yielded biomass. Fruiting bodies, mycelia and culture media were compared regarding the antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects in RAW264.7 cells and cytotoxicity in human tumor cell lines and non-tumor porcine liver cells. P. ostreatus mycelia showed higher contents of ergosterol and phenolic compounds, and stronger antioxidant activity than the corresponding fruiting body. P. ostreatus and A. bisporus did not show anti-inflammatory activity, and P. ostreatus was the only one showing cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines. The results show that these mushrooms provide compounds with antioxidant and cytotoxic capacities, with variations among species.The authors are grateful to the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2013) and for L. Barros and R. C. Calhelha contracts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Time Reduction of the Packing Process

Savana is a company in the footwear sector which is over 27 years old and has more than 150 employees. This company specializes in children’s footwear of sizes ranging from 18 to 40. Each pair is individually packed in a box which is customized for each client. The ideal size of each box depends on the model of the footwear and the position in which it is placed inside the box. These boxes are ordered from an external supplier that has only certain measures available, so boxes of the same size have to be used for footwear of various sizes and models. Due to a frequent introduction of new models in the production environ- ment, the box sizes are initially set manually in an experimental procedure (testing), which is often time consuming. Savana challenged ESGI’s par- ticipants to study their packing process, in order to reduce the variety of box sizes, the empty space inside the boxes and to eliminate the need to perform testing, thereby reducing the time and increasing the e�ciency of the packing process. Furthermore, the footwear ordered by each customer is packed into large boxes, which will henceforth be referred to as containers. With regard to these large boxes, various designs and sizes can be delivered to a single client. The dimensions, weight and forms of these are subject to the customer’s specifications. In this context, Savana intends to determine automatically the sizes of the containers to be sent to each customer and how to arrange the individual boxes for each client’s order. This report tells how to automatize and speed up the overall process. It describes how to automatically assign shoes to boxes, and gives a manner to pack the shoe boxes, in such way that permit to reduce the size of the card box. Savana should be aware that this is not yet a ready to use solution, because more data analysis need to be done, in order to improve and make the method reliable. Furthermore, during implementation it may appear new important challenges

Conservação Pós-colheita De Frutos De Morangueiro Em Diferentes Condições De Armazenamento

Strawberry is a product appreciated by consumers due to the organoleptic characteristics. However, strawberry fruits are highly perishable after harvest, so alternative measures to prolong the shelf life of fruits are necessary. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the fruit postharvest conservation of strawberry cultivars under different storage conditions. Strawberry fruits of eight cultivars (Festival, Campinas, Toyonoka, Dover, Oso Grande, Camarosa, Diamante and Aromas) were grown at “Mape Frutas” farm, in Datas municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Strawberry fruits were stored at cold storage (2.34±0.78°C; 89.93±4.14% RH) and environmental conditions (17.43±2.68°C; 74.11±10.44%). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement with eight strawberry cultivars and five storage times, with three replications. Fruits appearance, disease incidence, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C and firmness were evaluated every 3 days, until 12 days. At room condition, strawberry fruit could be stored for only three days. Fruits kept in cold chamber kept quality until 12 days. Cv. Festival had the best postharvest shelf life in both storage conditions and cvs. Toyonoka and Campinas showed higher incidence of diseases and less fruit firmness when compared to the other cultivars. © 2016, Sociedade de Olericultura do Brasil. All rights reserved.34340541

A case study on surplus mushrooms production: extraction and recovery of vitamin D

The presented case study illustrates the possibility of adding value to the biological surplus remaining from the mushroom cultivation industry. In essence, the unused mushroom parts were submitted to UV-C irradiation, with the purpose of increasing the vitamin D2 content and validat-ing its extraction. Vitamin D2 concentration in three different mushroom species (Agaricus bisporus, A. bisporus Portobello, and Pleurotus ostreatus) was obtained by high-performance liquid chromatogra-phy (HPLC), by means of an ultraviolet (UV) detector. The method was validated using an A. bisporus Portobello sample, and its reproducibility and accuracy were confirmed. Independently of the UV-C irradiation dose, the effect on vitamin D2 concentration was significant, allowing it to increase from less than 4 µg/g dry weight (dw) to more than 100 µg/g dw in all mushroom species. These results are good indicators of the feasibility of industrial surplus mushrooms as sustainable vitamin D2 food sources, besides contributing to strengthen the circularity principals associated to the mushroom production chain.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Lisboa, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020), and R.V.C.C.’s PhD grant (SFRH/BD/137436/2018). The authors are also grateful to “Ponto Agricola” for providing the mushroom materials. A.F., J.C.M.B. and L.B. also thank the national funding by FCT, P.I. through the institutional scientific employment program contract. This work is funded by the ERDF through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project Mobilizador Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNatural®.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effectiveness of gamma and electron beam irradiation as preserving technologies of fresh Agaricus bisporus Portobello: a comparative study

The main objectives of the present work were as follows: (a) to develop an analytical procedure to quantify free sugars on chestnuts based on green-chemistry principles and (b) to evaluate the effect of hot air convective drying (50 °C along 10 hr) on the carbohydrate profile of sliced chestnuts (Longal and Judia varieties). The analytical method allowed the quantification of several sugars in chestnut extracts, with low detection limits and good precision. In fresh, Judia variety had higher sucrose, fructose, and glucose contents than Longal, together with amylose. Nevertheless, when applying hot air convective drying to chestnut slices, a significant increase in fructose contents was observed with time, particularly after 10 hr drying in Longal variety. Nonetheless, a significant increase in glucose content was observed on both varieties, probably related to starch thermal hydrolysis. Practical applications: An environment-friendly methodology for free sugars quantification, based on ethanol/water extraction (green solvents), ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography separation with water as mobile phase, and evaporative light scattering detection, was developed. The method allowed the quantification of raffinose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose in chestnut extracts, with detection limits of 6 μg for sucrose and 0.3 μg for other sugars. Good precision was achieved with intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation below 5%. Regarding chestnuts' drying, hot air convective drying might be applied to chestnut slices but it may induce modifications on the carbohydrate composition of the samples, particularly when long drying periods are applied, requiring some attention because it might induce both visual and sensory changes.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), C2TN (UID/Multi/ 04349/2013), L. Barros and J. Barreira contracts, and A. Fernandes post-doc grant (SFRH/BPD/114753/2016). This work is funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds (FEEI) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project Mobilizador ValorNatural®; and to FEEI through the Rural Development Program (PDR2020), within the scope of Project MicoCoating (PDR2020-101-031472). This work was also developed within the Coordinated Research Project D61024 “Development of New Applications of Machine Generated Food Irradiation Technologies” financed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of calcium silicate on the chemical properties of pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida (Jacq.) P. Kumm

Supplementation of mushroom substrates has been linked to a higher resistance against insect pests, although few studies show the impact of this supplementation on the different agronomical parameters of mushrooms or even their chemical composition. In this work, the variation in the biological and chemical composition of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida (Jacq.) P. Kumm) was analysed after varying the substrate supplementation of calcium silicate (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% (w/w%)) during two harvest flushes. Overall, supplementation did not change the weight, the number of fruiting bodies, biological efficiency, yield ratio, and productivity rate of the mushrooms, although the harvest flushes did show significant differences. Furthermore, slight changes were found in the chemical composition with an increase in vitamin D2 and tocopherols for the mushrooms with higher amounts of calcium silicate. Overall, the substrate supplementation did not seem to induce expressive changes or decrease production yields, and can, therefore, continue to be researched as a potential application to fight agronomical pests.This work is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project Mobilizador Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNatural®; and to European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), through the Rural Development Program (PDR2020), within the scope of Project MicoCoating (PDR2020-101-031472). Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020), and R.V.C. Cardoso’s PhD grant (SFRH/BD/137436/2018). L. Barros and A. Fernandes also thank the national funding by FCT, P.I. through the institutional scientific employment program-contract, and M. Carocho thanks FCT, P.I. through the individual scientific employment program-contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio