The hardiness of adolescents in various social groups

Hardiness is considered as one of the adaptation resources of personality to stressful situations, responsible for the mental health preservation. Adolescents as an age group is one of most susceptible to stress factors, so conducting research on the development of hardiness in adolescents becomes necessary. Due to difference in social conditions under which development of hardiness of adolescents takes place, the purpose of our research was to study the hardiness of adolescents included in different social groups: first group – athletes, students of sports schools, second – students of specialized schools for intellectually gifted individuals, third– students of regular schools. In total, 239 adolescents of 14–16 years old participated. The study revealed significant differences in the development of hardiness among all three groups of adolescents. The general and specific patterns of the development of hardiness components of adolescents in different social groups were identified. The article describes the main types of manifestation of hardiness and its components under different social conditions of activity and development in modern adolescents. © 2019 Malkin, Rogaleva, Kim and Khon

Variations in the Duration of the Navigation Period along the Northern Sea Route in the 21st Century Based on Simulations with an Ensemble of Climatic Models: Bayesian Estimates

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. As global warming continues in the 21st century, one can expect a significant increase in the duration of the navigation period along the Northern Sea Route. In this study we found that, according to the representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios of the anthropogenic impact, the expected duration of the navigation period along the Northern Sea Route in the middle of the 21st century would be two to three months and three to six months by the end of the century

Geomorphological processes and landforms of glacier forelands in the upper Aktru River basin (Gornyi Altai), Russia : evidence for rapid recent retreat and paraglacial adjustment

The glaciers in the Aktru River basin of Gornyi Altai, Russia currently represent some of the fastest receding glaciers in the world. Formation of the morainic complexes closest to the contemporary glaciers in the Aktru River basin took place during the 17th - 18th centuries with recession commencing at the end of the 18th century. Coupled with this glacial retreat, earth surface processes and vegetation succession are responding to shape the glacier forelands. This article presents the first geomorphological maps for the upper reaches of the Aktru River basin and focuses on the geomorphological landforms that occur in the rapidly changing glacier forelands. Geomorphological mapping is difficult in steep mountainous regions and, thus, mapping was completed using satellite imagery, field mapping and observations coupled with highresolution aerial photography obtained from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Critical steps of the procedure used to process UAV imagery and difficulties encountered in this mountainous terrain are noted. The acquired spatial data enable the mapping and classification of small-scale transient geomorphological features such as talus, glacial and glaciofluvial landforms. Their dynamics provide insights into supraglacial and subglacial processes of the glaciers of the Aktru River basin and subsequent paraglacial adjustment. The presented highresolution spatial data, which can also be obtained at high temporal resolutions in the future, can act as a reference frame for geomorphologists and ecologists studying the temporal evolution of glacier forelands of the Aktru River basin during paraglacial adjustment and subsequent colonisation and stabilisation by biota.Incentive Funding for Rated Researchers Programme from the National Research Foundation South Africa, the BRICS Network University International Thematic Groups Seed-Funding and the Tomsk State University Competitive Improvement Programme.https://www.springer.com/journal/116292021-04-11hj2020Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorolog

Last interglacial temperature evolution – a model inter-comparison

Abstract. There is a growing number of proxy-based reconstructions detailing the climatic changes during the Last Interglacial period. This period is of special interest because large parts of the globe were characterized by a warmer-than-present-day climate, making this period an interesting test bed for climate models in the light of projected global warming. However, mainly because synchronizing the different records is difficult, there is no consensus on a global picture of Last Interglacial temperature changes. Here we present the first model inter-comparison of transient simulations covering the Last Interglacial period. By comparing the different simulations we aim at investigating the robustness of the simulated surface air temperature evolution. The model inter-comparison shows a robust Northern Hemisphere July temperature evolution characterized by a maximum between 130–122 ka BP with temperatures 0.4 to 6.8 K above pre-industrial values. This temperature evolution is in line with the changes in June insolation and greenhouse-gas concentrations. For the evolution of July temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere, the picture emerging from the inter-comparison is less clear. However, it does show that including greenhouse-gas concentration changes is critical. The simulations that include this forcing show an early, 128 ka BP July temperature anomaly maximum of 0.5 to 2.6 K. The robustness of simulated January temperatures is large in the Southern Hemisphere and the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. In these latitudes maximum January temperature anomalies of respectively −2.5 to 2 K and 0 to 2 K are simulated for the period after 118 ka BP. The inter-comparison is inconclusive on the evolution of January temperatures in the high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Further investigation of regional anomalous patterns and inter-model differences indicate that in specific regions, feedbacks within the climate system are important for the simulated temperature evolution. Firstly in the Arctic region, changes in the summer sea-ice cover control the evolution of Last Interglacial winter temperatures. Secondly, for the Atlantic region, the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific, possible changes in the characteristics of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation are critical. The third important feedback, having an impact on the temperature evolution of the Northern Hemisphere, is shown to be the presence of remnant continental ice from the preceding glacial period. Another important feedback are changes in the monsoon regime which controls the evolution of temperatures over parts of Africa and India. Finally, the simulations reveal an important land-sea contrast, with temperature changes over the oceans lagging continental temperatures by up to several thousand years. The aforementioned feedback mechanisms tend to be highly model-dependent, indicating that specific proxy-data is needed to constrain future climate simulations and to further enhance our understanding of the evolution of the climate during the Last Interglacial period

Evolution of Eastern Equatorial Pacific Seasonal and Interannual Variability in response to orbital forcing during the Holocene and Eemian from Model Simulations

Characteristics of the seasonal and interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) over last two interglacials, the Holocene and Eemian, are analyzed using transient climate simulations with the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). There is a tendency towards a strengthening of the seasonal as well as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation‐ (ENSO) related variability from the early to the late interglacials. The weaker EEP SST annual cycle during the early interglacials is mainly result of insolation‐forced cooling during its warm phase and dynamically‐induced warming during its cold phase. Enhanced convection over northern South America weakens northeasterlies in the EEP leading to weaker equatorial upwelling, deeper thermocline and subsequent warming in this region. We show that a negative ENSO modulation of the annual cycle operates only on short timescales and does not affect their evolution on orbital time scales where both ENSO and annual cycle show similar tendencies to increase

Медленные деформационные фронты. Модель и особенности распространения

Our study aimed at investigating the origin and development of ‘slow’ movements in a solid body/medium under loading and studying the role of such movements in the occurrence of critical states, i.e. sources of destruction in a stable solid medium. Computerized modeling was conducted to simulate the evolution of the stress-strain state and the formation of slow deformation waves in a loaded medium. We have developed and justified a mathematical model of the loaded elastoplastic medium, which demonstrates the joint generation and propagation of ordinary stress waves (propagating with the velocity of sound) and slow deformation waves of the inelastic nature. The propagation rates of the latter are 5–7 orders of magnitude lower than the velocity of sound. The features of slow deformation wave propagation in the solid media are investigated. In the model, slow deformation waves interact under certain conditions as solitons and penetrate each other. Considering the properties, they are similar to both solitons satisfying the solutions of the non-linear Korteweg – de Vries equation and kinks satisfying the solutions of the sin-Gordon equation. Slow deformation fronts are actively involved into the formation of sources of destruction and provide an effective mechanism for the transfer and redistribution of energy in the loaded medium.Цель работы заключалась в разработке модельных представлений о природе «медленных» движений в нагружаемых твердых телах и средах и в изучении их роли в формировании критических состояний – очагов разрушения в прочной среде. Методика исследований – численное моделирование эволюции напряженно-деформированного состояния и формирования в нагружаемой среде медленных волн деформации. Разработан и обоснован вариант математической модели описания процессов совместной генерации и распространения в нагружаемых упругопластических средах как обычных волн напряжений, распространяющихся со скоростями звука, так и медленных деформационных волн неупругой природы, скорости которых на 5–7 порядков ниже скоростей звука. Исследованы особенности распространения медленных деформационных волн в прочных средах. Показано, что медленные деформационные волны при определенных условиях взаимодействуют как солитоны, проникая друг через друга. Их свойства сходны со свойствами как солитонов, получаемых решениями нелинейного уравнения Кортевега – де-Фриза, так и кинков – решений уравнения sin-Гордона. Показано, что медленные деформационные фронты активно участвуют в формировании очага разрушения, являясь эффективным механизмом переноса и перераспределения энергии в нагружаемой среде

Response of the Hydrological Cycle to Orbital and Greenhouse Gas Forcing

The sensitivity of the hydrological cycle to changes in orbital forcing and atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations is assessed using a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice general circulation model (Kiel Climate Model). An orbitally-induced intensification of the summer monsoon circulation during the Holocene and Eemian drives enhanced water vapor advection into the Northern Hemisphere, thereby enhancing the rate of water vapor changes by about 30% relative to the rate given by the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation, assuming constant relative humidity. Orbitally-induced changes in hemispheric-mean precipitation are fully attributed to inter-hemispheric water vapor exchange in contrast to a GHG forced warming, where enhanced precipitation is caused by increased both the moisture advection and evaporation. When considering the future climate on millennial time scales, both forcings combined are expected to exert a strong effect

Морфофункциональная характеристика ворсинчатого хориона в ранние сроки беременности при наличии урогенитальной инфекции

The morphological structure of the chorion villi in I trimester of pregnancy is studied at ureaplasmas and mycoplasmas infections. Established signs of the accelerated maturing of the villi, strengthened proliferation of trophoblast, increased of stromal and vascular components of chorion have been revealed.Изучено морфологическое строение ворсинчатого хориона в первом триместре беременности при уреа- и микоплазменном инфицировании. Были выявлены признаки ускоренного созревания ворсинчатого дерева, проявляющиеся усиленной пролиферацией трофобластического эпителия, приростом стромального и сосудистого компонентов ворсин

Exact Solution of the strong coupling t-V model with twisted boundary conditions

We present the solution of the one-dimensional t-V model with twisted boundary conditions in the strong coupling limit, t<<V and show that this model can be mapped onto the strong coupling Hubbard chain threaded by a fictitious flux proportional to the total momentum of the charge carriers. The high energy eigenstates are characterized by a factorization of degrees of freedom associated with configurations of soliton and antisoliton domains and degrees of freedom associated with the movement of ``holes'' through these domains. The coexistence of solitons and antisolitons leads to a strange flux dependence of the eigenvalues. We illustrate the use of this solution, deriving the full frequency dependence of the optical conductivity at half-filling and zero temperature.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure; to be published in Physical Review