838 research outputs found
Prescription Medication Use in Bereavement: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Feasibility Study
Title from PDF of title page, viewed July 21, 2023Dissertation advisor: Joah WilliamsVitaIncludes bibliographical references (pages 75-93)Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Department of Psychology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2023Although many individuals experience a normal grieving process following the death of a loved one, some bereaved individuals will engage in prescription medication use to seek respites from their grief. More concerningly, the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medications given to the recently bereaved are often associated with higher rates of misuse (e.g., benzodiazepines) (Schmitz, 2016). Yet, extant literature has failed to find any significant impact of these medications on alleviating symptoms related to bereavement (Bui et al., 2012; Warner et al., 2001). The purpose of the present study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of conducting real-time data collection on grief reactions and prescription medication use through an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and to examine grief-related antecedents, such as separation/traumatic distress, driving prescription medication use, as well as craving intensity/frequency for medication. Twenty participants completed three brief assessments per day for 14 consecutive days. The EMA paradigm was deemed feasible within this population with participants completing 85.8% of the 42 assessments. Similarly, participants reported overall positive experiences completing the study with reports they would participate in similar future studies. Prescription medication use was neither associated with separation or traumatic distress. However, significant associations were found between separation and traumatic distress for craving intensity, while traumatic distress appeared to be the only driving factor for craving frequency. These findings suggest that grief reactions may cue cravings for prescription drugs among recently bereaved persons who seek these drugs during acute bereavement. Implications for research and practice are discussed.Review of the literature -- Research methods -- Results -- Discussio
Magnonic Weyl states in Cu2OSeO3
The multiferroic ferrimagnet CuOSeO with a chiral crystal structure
attracted a lot of recent attention due to the emergence of magnetic skyrmion
order in this material. Here, the topological properties of its magnon
excitations are systematically investigated by linear spin-wave theory and
inelastic neutron scattering. When considering Heisenberg exchange interactions
only, two degenerate Weyl magnon nodes with topological charges 2 are
observed at high-symmetry points. Each Weyl point splits into two as the
symmetry of the system is further reduced by including into consideration the
nearest-neighbor Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction, crucial for obtaining an
accurate fit to the experimental spin-wave spectrum. The predicted topological
properties are verified by surface state and Chern number analysis.
Additionally, we predict that a measurable thermal Hall conductivity can be
associated with the emergence of the Weyl points, the position of which can be
tuned by changing the crystal symmetry of the material
Translational evidence for two distinct patterns of neuroaxonal injury in sepsis: a longitudinal, prospective translational study
Background
Brain homeostasis deteriorates in sepsis, giving rise to a mostly reversible sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Some survivors experience chronic cognitive dysfunction thought to be caused by permanent brain injury. In this study, we investigated neuroaxonal pathology in sepsis.
Methods
We conducted a longitudinal, prospective translational study involving (1) experimental sepsis in an animal model; (2) postmortem studies of brain from patients with sepsis; and (3) a prospective, longitudinal human sepsis cohort study at university laboratory and intensive care units (ICUs). Thirteen ICU patients with septic shock, five ICU patients who died as a result of sepsis, fourteen fluid-resuscitated Wistar rats with fecal peritonitis, eleven sham-operated rats, and three human and four rat control subjects were included. Immunohistologic and protein biomarker analysis were performed on rat brain tissue at baseline and 24, 48, and 72 h after sepsis induction and in sham-treated rats. Immunohistochemistry was performed on human brain tissue from sepsis nonsurvivors and in control patients without sepsis. The clinical diagnostics of SAE comprised longitudinal clinical data collection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalographic assessments. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (version 9.4; SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Because of non-Gaussian distribution, the nonparametric Wilcoxon test general linear models and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used.
Results
In postmortem rat and human brain samples, neurofilament phosphoform, β-amyloid precursor protein, β-tubulin, and H&E stains distinguished scattered ischemic lesions from diffuse neuroaxonal injury in septic animals, which were absent in controls. These two patterns of neuroaxonal damage were consistently found in septic but not control human postmortem brains. In experimental sepsis, the time from sepsis onset correlated with tissue neurofilament levels (R = 0.53, p = 0.045) but not glial fibrillary acidic protein. Of 13 patients with sepsis who had clinical features of SAE, MRI detected diffuse axonal injury in 9 and ischemia in 3 patients.
Conclusions
Ischemic and diffuse neuroaxonal injury to the brain in experimental sepsis, human postmortem brains, and in vivo MRI suggest these two distinct lesion types to be relevant. Future studies should be focused on body fluid biomarkers to detect and monitor brain injury in sepsis. The relationship of neurofilament levels with time from sepsis onset may be of prognostic value
Measurement of shower development and its Moli\`ere radius with a four-plane LumiCal test set-up
A prototype of a luminometer, designed for a future e+e- collider detector,
and consisting at present of a four-plane module, was tested in the CERN PS
accelerator T9 beam. The objective of this beam test was to demonstrate a
multi-plane tungsten/silicon operation, to study the development of the
electromagnetic shower and to compare it with MC simulations. The Moli\`ere
radius has been determined to be 24.0 +/- 0.6 (stat.) +/- 1.5 (syst.) mm using
a parametrization of the shower shape. Very good agreement was found between
data and a detailed Geant4 simulation.Comment: Paper published in Eur. Phys. J., includes 25 figures and 3 Table
Performance of fully instrumented detector planes of the forward calorimeter of a Linear Collider detector
Detector-plane prototypes of the very forward calorimetry of a future
detector at an e+e- collider have been built and their performance was measured
in an electron beam. The detector plane comprises silicon or GaAs pad sensors,
dedicated front-end and ADC ASICs, and an FPGA for data concentration.
Measurements of the signal-to-noise ratio and the response as a function of the
position of the sensor are presented. A deconvolution method is successfully
applied, and a comparison of the measured shower shape as a function of the
absorber depth with a Monte-Carlo simulation is given.Comment: 25 pages, 32 figures, revised version following comments from
referee
Search for Doubly-Charged Higgs Boson Production at HERA
A search for the single production of doubly-charged Higgs bosons H^{\pm \pm}
in ep collisions is presented. The signal is searched for via the Higgs decays
into a high mass pair of same charge leptons, one of them being an electron.
The analysis uses up to 118 pb^{-1} of ep data collected by the H1 experiment
at HERA. No evidence for doubly-charged Higgs production is observed and mass
dependent upper limits are derived on the Yukawa couplings h_{el} of the Higgs
boson to an electron-lepton pair. Assuming that the doubly-charged Higgs only
decays into an electron and a muon via a coupling of electromagnetic strength
h_{e \mu} = \sqrt{4 \pi \alpha_{em}} = 0.3, a lower limit of 141 GeV on the
H^{\pm\pm} mass is obtained at the 95% confidence level. For a doubly-charged
Higgs decaying only into an electron and a tau and a coupling h_{e\tau} = 0.3,
masses below 112 GeV are ruled out.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Forward pi^0 Production and Associated Transverse Energy Flow in Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA
Deep-inelastic positron-proton interactions at low values of Bjorken-x down
to x \approx 4.10^-5 which give rise to high transverse momentum pi^0 mesons
are studied with the H1 experiment at HERA. The inclusive cross section for
pi^0 mesons produced at small angles with respect to the proton remnant (the
forward region) is presented as a function of the transverse momentum and
energy of the pi^0 and of the four-momentum transfer Q^2 and Bjorken-x.
Measurements are also presented of the transverse energy flow in events
containing a forward pi^0 meson. Hadronic final state calculations based on QCD
models implementing different parton evolution schemes are confronted with the
data.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures and 3 table
Navigating Open Science as Early Career Feminist Researchers
Open science aims to improve the rigor, robustness, and reproducibility of psychological research. Despite resistance from some academics, the open science movement has been championed by some early career researchers, who have proposed innovative new tools and methods to promote and employ open research principles. Feminist early career researchers have much to contribute to this emerging way of doing research. However, they face unique barriers, which may prohibit their full engagement with the open science movement. We, ten feminist early career researchers in psychology, from a diverse range of academic and personal backgrounds, explore open science through a feminist lens, to consider how voice and power may be negotiated in unique ways for early career researchers. Taking a critical and intersectional approach, we discuss how feminist early career research may be complemented or challenged by shifts towards open science. We also propose how early career researchers can act as grassroots changemakers within the context of academic precarity. We identify ways in which open science can benefit from feminist epistemology and end with envisaging a future for feminist early career researchers who wish to engage with open science practices in their own research
Deep-Inelastic Inclusive ep Scattering at Low x and a Determination of alpha_s
A precise measurement of the inclusive deep-inelastic e^+p scattering cross
section is reported in the kinematic range 1.5<= Q^2 <=150 GeV^2 and
3*10^(-5)<= x <=0.2. The data were recorded with the H1 detector at HERA in
1996 and 1997, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20 pb^(-1). The
double differential cross section, from which the proton structure function
F_2(x,Q^2) and the longitudinal structure function F_L(x,Q^2) are extracted, is
measured with typically 1% statistical and 3% systematic uncertainties. The
measured partial derivative (dF_2(x,Q^2)/dln Q^2)_x is observed to rise
continuously towards small x for fixed Q^2. The cross section data are combined
with published H1 measurements at high Q^2 for a next-to-leading order DGLAP
QCD analysis.The H1 data determine the gluon momentum distribution in the range
3*10^(-4)<= x <=0.1 to within an experimental accuracy of about 3% for Q^2 =20
GeV^2. A fit of the H1 measurements and the mu p data of the BCDMS
collaboration allows the strong coupling constant alpha_s and the gluon
distribution to be simultaneously determined. A value of alpha
_s(M_Z^2)=0.1150+-0.0017 (exp) +0.0009-0.0005 (model) is obtained in NLO, with
an additional theoretical uncertainty of about +-0.005, mainly due to the
uncertainty of the renormalisation scale.Comment: 68 pages, 24 figures and 18 table
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