A short review of use of nanotechnology in periodontics

Nanoscience or nanotechnology refers to the development and research of an applied science at the atomic or molecular level. Nanotechnology is developing fast in recent years and like other medical fields it is also set to transform dentistry in a huge way. It is now considered as a multidisciplinary field of scientific research. Different types of nanomaterials, nanoparticles, nanodivices and its applications are of human interest. Nanodentistry can make maintenance of oral health by employing the nanodivices which will allow precise control on various techniques in oral care like oral analgesia, dentine replacement therapy, permanent hypersensitivity cure, periodontal cure and complete orthodontic realignment etc. Nanotechnology and its application in periodontics have improved the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of the periodontal diseases. It utilizes nanomaterials, nanobiotechnology and nanorobots for the treatment and maintenance of periodontal health. The purpose of this paper is to review the phenomenon of nonotechnology as applied to periodontics

CORROSION INHIBITION PROPERTY OF EXPIRED FLUOXYMESTERONE DRUG ON THE ALUMINUM (AL) SURFACE IN 3 % NaCl SOLUTION

Objective: Aluminum (Al) corrosion in the NaCl solution is an example of dissolution in the neutral medium. The ongoing corrosion research efforts to produce the eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors to protect the aluminum metal from the corrosive solution. Methods: Herein, mass loss and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques were conducted to explain the adsorption property of expired Fluoxymesterone drug on the Al surface in the 3 % NaCl solution. Results: All results show that the expired Fluoxymesterone drug molecules generate a stable invisible layer through adsorption mechanism on the electrode surface. The corrosion inhibition behavior mainly depends on the concentration of the expired Fluoxymesterone drug and contact time at 313 K. Conclusion: The corrosion inhibition property is due to adsorption of electron-rich molecules on the Al surface in 3 % NaCl solution

Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterizations of nanosized copper ferrite and barium titanate for antimicrobial applications

Science and technology of nanosized bimetallic oxide nanomaterials records the various properties and applications. Especially biomedical applications are viewed in particular due to its nanosized particle size. The present experimentation is reporting the microwave-assisted synthesis of nanosized bimetallic oxides like copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) by solid state combustion route using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a fuel. The structural and morphological characterizations of the bimetallic oxide nanomaterials are performed out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron micrograph (SEM) tools respectively. These analyses report the crystalline nature of both samples. EDX spectral study is also undertaken to know the existence of different metals in the above-mentioned samples. Bonding nature of the bimetallic oxide samples were readied by Fourier transfer infrared (FT-IR) instrumentation. The study reviewed the varied vibrational modes confirms the phase formation of the samples. UV-Vis and thermal study of these bimetallic oxide samples are also studied extensively to know the thermal and absorption behavior respectively. TGA of both the samples are traced and are showing decomposition at rapid rate. In addition, the maximum absorption peaks due to π - π* transition confirms the sample formation. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared oxide samples was studied for antibacterial and antifungal behavior. Both samples showing considerable activity against various bacteria and fungi

Acute kidney injury in pregnancy-specific disorders

The incidence of acute kidney injury in pregnancy (P-AKI) has declined significantly over the last three decades in developing countries. However, it is still associated with significant fetomaternal mortality and morbidity. The diagnosis of P-AKI is based on the serum creatinine increase. The usual formulas for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are not validated in this population. The incidence of P-AKI with respect to total AKI cases has decreased in the last three decades from 25% in 1980s to 9% in 2000s at our centre. During the first trimester of gestation, AKI develops most often due to septic abortion or hyperemesis gravidarum. Septic abortion related AKI with respect to total AKI decreased from 9% to 5% in our study. Prevention of unwanted pregnancy and avoidance of septic abortion are keys to eliminate abortion associated AKI in early pregnancy. However, we have not seen AKI on account of hyperemesis gravidarum over a period of 33 years at our center. In the third trimester, the differential diagnosis of AKI in association with pregnancy specific conditions namely preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy and thrombotic microangiopathies of pregnancy (P-TMA) is more challenging, because these 3 conditions share several clinical features of thrombotic microangiopathy which makes the diagnosis very difficult on clinical grounds. It is imperative to distinguish these conditions to make appropriate therapeutic decisions. Typically, AFLP and HELLP syndrome improve after delivery of the fetus, whereas plasma exchange is the first-line treatment for pregnancy associated thrombotic microangioathies (P-TMA). We observed that preclampsia/eclampsia is the most common cause of AKI in late third trimester and postpartum periods followed by puerperal sepsis and postpartum hemorrhage. Pregnancy-associated thrombotic microangiopathies (aHUS/TTP) and AFLP are rare causes of AKI during pregnancy in developing countries

Kidney disease in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients: Absence of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy was a characteristic feature

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can cause a broad spectrum of renal diseases. However, there is paucity of Indian data on the patterns of renal lesions in HIV-seropositive patients. The aim of the present study was to delineate the spectrum of renal lesions in HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. In this prospective study, all HIV-positive patients of both genders aged> 18 years were screened for renal disease. Patients with proteinuria of more than 1 g/24 h were subjected to renal biopsy. A total of 293 HIV-positive patients were screened; of these, 136 (46.4%) patients found to have renal involvement. Dipstick-positive proteinuria of 1+ or more was observed in 112 (38.2%) patients, and 16 (14.2%) patients had proteinuria of more than 1 g/24 h. Renal biopsy in 14 cases revealed glomerulonephritis (GN) in 12 (85.7%) (isolated GN in 4 [28.5%] and GN mixed with chronic TIN in 8 [57.1%]) patients. These include mesangioproliferative GN in 5 (35.7%), membranoproliferative GN in 2 (14.2%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in 2 (14.2%), diffuse proliferative GN in 2 (14.2%), and diabetic nephropathy in 1 (7.1%) patients. Chronic interstitial nephritis was noted in 10 (71.42%) (superimposed on GN in 8 [57.1%], isolated in 2 [14.2%]) patients. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis was seen in 3 (24.1%) cases. GN and chronic interstitial nephritis were noted in 85.7% and 71.42% of patients, respectively, mostly superimposed on each other. Mesangioproliferative GN was the most common glomerular lesion, but classical HIV-associated nephropathy was not observed

Estimation of Phytochemicals in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Accessions under Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka, India

The present investigation was carried out for the estimation of phytochemicals in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) accessions at Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, Devihosur, Haveri under northern transition zone of Karnataka. Fifty chilli genotypes collected from different sources were screened for quality components like ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, and phenols. The analysis of variance revealed that the quality components varied significantly among the genotypes. The ascorbic acid content in green chilli and chlorophyll content in leaves varied from 40.73 to 191.15 mg/100 g and 0.26 to 1.80mg/100 g, respectively. Whereas, the phenols in leaves varied between 3.86 to 12.15 mg/100g. The maximum amount of ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, and phenol content were observed in the accessions IC-572470, EC-399572 and Ujwala. respectively, which can be further utilized as potential parenting materials for quality improvement programme in chilli