Pengaruh Penggunaan Antibiotik Eritromisin Dengan Terapi Calcium-channel Blocker Terhadap Gagal Ginjal Akut

Calsium-Channel Blocker (CCB) seperti amlodipin, felodipin, nifedipin, diltiazem, dan verapamil dimetabolisme oleh enzim CYP3A4. Kadar CCB dalam darah dapat meningkat ke level yang berbahaya jika enzim tersebut dihambat. Eritromisin (antibiotik makrolida) merupakan inhibitor CYP3A4, penggunaan bersamaan CCB dan makrolida diasosiasikan dengan peningkatan risiko rawat inap akibat gagal ginjal akut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang ditimbulkan oleh penggunaan CCB dan eritromisin terhadap fungsi ginjal pada pasien rawat inap poliklinik penyakit dalam RS Dr. Moewardi. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan pendekatan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Data diperoleh dari hasil observasi catatan rekam medik pasien selama menjalani perawatan di rumah sakit (rawat inap). Hasil dari 4 pasien diketahui masing-masing pasien mengalami peningkatan kadar kreatinin dan ureum dengan rata-rata kenaikan kreatinin 34,8% dan ureum 36,6%. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan adanya interaksi makrolida dan CCB yang mengakibatkan kenaikan kadar CCB dalam darah sehingga menyebabkan hipotensi. Keadaan hipotensi dapat menyebabkan hipoperfusi ginjal yang berpotensi terjadinya gagal ginjal akut, dimana ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar ureum dan kreatinin

Teaching Writing Recount Text Through Personal Journal Writing

This research was conducted to find out whether Personal Journal Writing is effective and how effective it is in teaching writing recount text. This research was conducted to the tenth grade students of SMAN 3 Pontianak in Academic Year 2014/2015. In this research, a quasi experimental design was used by the writer. The samples were class XD as the experimental group and the control group was class XE. In this research, the result of t-test computation was 4.57 with degree of freedom is 65 and t-table is 2.00. It showed that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) that teaching writing recount text through personal journal writing is effective is accepted and the effectiveness was strong. In conclusion, personal journal writing can be a good alternative in teaching writing recount text on the tenth grade students of SMAN 3 Pontianak and in other schools which have similar characteristics to SMA Negeri 3 Pontianak

Viscoelastic gels of guar and xanthan gum mixtures provide long-term stabilization of iron micro- and nanoparticles

Iron micro- and nanoparticles used for groundwater remediation and medical applications are prone to fast aggregation and sedimentation. Diluted single biopolymer water solutions of guar gum (GG) or xanthan gum (XG) can stabilize these particles for few hours providing steric repulsion and by increasing the viscosity of the suspension. The goal of the study is to demonstrate that amending GG solutions with small amounts of XG (XG/GG weight ratio 1:19; 3 g/L of total biopolymer concentration) can significantly improve the capability of the biopolymer to stabilize highly concentrated iron micro- and nanoparticle suspensions. The synergistic effect between GG and XG generates a viscoelastic gel that can maintain 20 g/L iron particles suspended for over 24 h. This is attributed to (i) an increase in the static viscosity, (ii) a combined polymer structure the yield stress of which contrasts the downward stress exerted by the iron particles, and (iii) the adsorption of the polymers to the iron surface having an anchoring effect on the particles. The XG/GG viscoelastic gel is characterized by a marked shear thinning behavior. This property, coupled with the low biopolymer concentration, determines small viscosity values at high shear rates, facilitating the injection in porous media. Furthermore, the thermosensitivity of the soft elastic polymeric network promotes higher stability and longer storage times at low temperatures and rapid decrease of viscosity at higher temperatures. This feature can be exploited in order to improve the flowability and the delivery of the suspensions to the target as well as to effectively tune and control the release of the iron particle

AKTIVITAS FIBRINOLITIK PADA MAKANAN FERMENTASI BERBASIS KACANG (BEAN) DI KAWASAN ASIA SEBAGAI PANGAN FUNGSIONAL ANTI-ATHEROTROMBOSIS

Atherotrombosis merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada penderita penyakit kardiovaskular. Sekitar 80% kematian pada penderita penyakit jantung di dunia terjadi sebagai akibat dari stroke dimana sekitar 90% dari stroke disebabkan oleh trombosis. Di Indonesia, stroke itu sendiri ternyata menjadi penyebab kematian utama berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007 yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk me-review faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas fibrinolitik pada makanan fermentasi berbasis kacang (bean) yang berasal dari kawasan Asia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa review dari 843 jurnal yang dipublikasi selama 10 tahun terakhir. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, makanan fermentasi berbasis bean yang berasal dari Asia memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan pangan fungsional dalam mendegradasi gumpalan darah pada pasien atherothrombosis. Efektivitas kinerja komponen aktif yang berperan sebagai pro-fibrinolitik pada bahan pangan tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh berat molekul, pH, suhu, inhibitor and activator dimana terdapat kecenderungan bahwa jenis mikroorganisme memberikan pengaruh dominan terhadap karakteristik enzim fibrinolitik. Perkembangan penelitian hingga saat ini masih perlu untuk terus dilanjutkan, salah satu enzim fibrinolitik yang telah memberkan bukti kuat yaitu enzim nattokinase yang terkandung pada Natto, makanan khas Jepang. Sementara, komponen bioaktif lainnya masih perlu dilanjutkan hingga tahap human study untuk dapat memberikan bukti yang kuat

Brain serotonin 4 receptor binding is inversely associated with verbal memory recall

BACKGROUND: We have previously identified an inverse relationship between cerebral serotonin 4 receptor (5‐HT (4)R) binding and nonaffective episodic memory in healthy individuals. Here, we investigate in a novel sample if the association is related to affective components of memory, by examining the association between cerebral 5‐HT (4)R binding and affective verbal memory recall. METHODS: Twenty‐four healthy volunteers were scanned with the 5‐HT (4)R radioligand [(11)C]SB207145 and positron emission tomography, and were tested with the Verbal Affective Memory Test‐24. The association between 5‐HT (4)R binding and affective verbal memory was evaluated using a linear latent variable structural equation model. RESULTS: We observed a significant inverse association across all regions between 5‐HT (4)R binding and affective verbal memory performances for positive (p = 5.5 × 10(−4)) and neutral (p = .004) word recall, and an inverse but nonsignificant association for negative (p = .07) word recall. Differences in the associations with 5‐HT (4)R binding between word categories (i.e., positive, negative, and neutral) did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Our findings replicate our previous observation of a negative association between 5‐HT (4)R binding and memory performance in an independent cohort and provide novel evidence linking 5‐HT (4)R binding, as a biomarker for synaptic 5‐HT levels, to the mnestic processing of positive and neutral word stimuli in healthy humans

Isolation and characterization of acetylated LM-pectins extracted from okra pods

Pectin was isolated by aqueous extraction at pH 6.0 or 2.0 from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) pods. An isolation protocol was designed to extract pectin and to study the influence of the extraction pH on their composition and physicochemical properties. The extracted pectin was assessed using sugar compositional analysis (neutral sugars, galacturonic acid, acetyl and methyl contents). FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and dilute solution viscometry were also used to determine the macromolecular characteristics of isolated pectin. The extraction protocols resulted in the isolation of pectin of high purity as evidenced by their high total carbohydrate (70.0–81.8%) and low protein (4.3–6.3%) contents. Samples contained between 46 and 56% galacturonic acid, had broad molecular weight distributions, a low degree of methylation (40.0 and 24.6%) and high degree of acetylation (52.2 and 37.6%). Neutral sugar analysis showed that the pectin extracted at pH 6.0 contained more neutral sugars, particularly, galactose (21.7–25.7 mol%), rhamnose (10.1–13.2 mol%) and arabinose (7.1–7.3 mol%) than that extracted at pH 2.0 indicating variations in fine structure. In addition, molecular parameters of the isolated pectins, such as intrinsic viscosity (2.8–4.4 dL g−1), critical concentration (0.15–0.45 dL g−1) and coil overlap parameter (0.66–1.51), showed that extraction conditions resulted in pectin with different chain morphology. The yield and physico-chemical characteristics of the extracted pectin from okra pods were influenced by the extraction conditions