An updated checklist of Chondrichthyes from the southeast Pacific off Peru

7 páginas.-- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International LicenseThe first updated and comprehensive checklist of Chondrichthyes from the southeast Pacific off Peru, based on the revision of scientific literature, is presented. The group of Chondrichthyes in the Peruvian coast is composed of 115 species that include 66 species of sharks, 43 species of batoids, and six species of chimaeras. We present nine new records and one recent discovery obtained from secondary sources. For some species, we also compiled the extensions in the geographic distributionsPeer reviewe

Global phylogeography and evolution of chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus

A global phylogeny for chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV), the most likely aetiological agent of fibropapillomatosis (FP) in sea turtles, was inferred, using dated sequences, through Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis and used to estimate the virus evolutionary rate independent of the evolution of the host, and to resolve the phylogenetic positions of new haplotypes from Puerto Rico and the Gulf of Guinea. Four phylogeographical groups were identified: eastern Pacific, western Atlantic/eastern Caribbean, mid-west Pacific and Atlantic. The latter comprises the Gulf of Guinea and Puerto Rico, suggesting recent virus gene flow between these two regions. One virus haplotype from Florida remained elusive, representing either an independent lineage sharing a common ancestor with all other identified virus variants or an Atlantic representative of the lineage giving rise to the eastern Pacific group. The virus evolutionary rate ranged from 1.62x10(-4) to 2.22x10(-4) substitutions per site per year, which is much faster than what is expected for a herpesvirus. The mean time for the most recent common ancestor of the modern virus variants was estimated at 192.90-429.71 years ago, which, although more recent than previous estimates, still supports an interpretation that the global FP pandemic is not the result of a recent acquisition of a virulence mutation(s). The phylogeographical pattern obtained seems partially to reflect sea turtle movements, whereas altered environments appear to be implicated in current FP outbreaks and in the modern evolutionary history of CFPHV.DNER-PR; US NMFS (NMFS-NOAA) [NA08NMF4720436]; US-Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Sociedad Chelonia; WIDECAST; US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA); Lisbon Oceanarium, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Animal Health of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Technical University of Lisbon (FMV/TUL)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development and evolution of dentition pattern and tooth order in the Skates and Rays (Batoidea; Chondrichthyes)

Shark and ray (elasmobranch) dentitions are well known for their multiple generations of teeth, with isolated teeth being common in the fossil record. However, how the diverse dentitions characteristic of elasmobranchs form is still poorly understood. Data on the development and maintenance of the dental patterning in this major vertebrate group will allow comparisons to other morphologically diverse taxa, including the bony fishes, in order to identify shared pattern characters for the vertebrate dentition as a whole. Data is especially lacking from the Batoidea (skates and rays), hence our objective is to compile data on embryonic and adult batoid tooth development contributing to ordering of the dentition, from cleared and stained specimens and micro-CT scans, with 3D rendered models. We selected species (adult and embryonic) spanning phylogenetically significant batoid clades, such that our observations may raise questions about relationships within the batoids, particularly with respect to current molecular-based analyses. We include developmental data from embryos of recent model organisms Leucoraja erinacea and Raja clavata to evaluate the earliest establishment of the dentition. Characters of the batoid dentition investigated include alternate addition of teeth as offset successional tooth rows (versus single separate files), presence of a symphyseal initiator region (symphyseal tooth present, or absent, but with two parasymphyseal teeth) and a restriction to tooth addition along each jaw reducing the number of tooth families, relative to addition of successor teeth within each family. Our ultimate aim is to understand the shared characters of the batoids, and whether or not these dental characters are shared more broadly within elasmobranchs, by comparing these to dentitions in shark outgroups. These developmental morphological analyses will provide a solid basis to better understand dental evolution in these important vertebrate groups as well as the general plesiomorphic vertebrate dental condition

Assessing the potential for postcopulatory sexual selection in elasmobranchs

This review highlights the potential role that post-copulatory sexual selection plays in elasmobranch reproductive systems and the utility of this group to further understanding of evolutionary responses to the post-copulatory processes of sperm competition and cryptic female choice. The growing genetic evidence for female multiple mating (polyandry) in elasmobranchs is summarized. While polyandry appears to be common in this group, rates of multiple paternity are highly variable between species suggesting that there is large variance in the strength of post-copulatory sexual selection among elasmobranchs. Possible adaptations of traits important for post-copulatory sexual selection are then considered. Particular emphasis is devoted to explore the potential for sperm competition and cryptic female choice to influence the evolution of testes size, sperm morphology, genital morphology and sperm storage organs. Finally, it is argued that future work should take advantage of the wealth of information on these reproductive traits already available in elasmobranchs to gain a better understanding of how post-copulatory sexual selection operates in this group

Juan José Sanguineti, La Filosofía del Cosmo in Tommaso d'Aquino, Edizioni Ares, Milán, 1986, 264 pp

Resumen: A la ya significativa obra del padre Sanguineti se agrega este nuevo traba » que, por su temática y tratamiento de la misma se destaca dentro del contexto de su valiosa producción; donde resaltan otros trabajos tan importantes como La Filosofía d'e la Ciencia según santo Tomás de Aquino (Eunsa, Pamplona, 1977) o el ya clásico de Filosofía de la Naturaleza (Colección de manuales de iniciación filosófica, Eunsa, 1983) de amplia difusión en nuestro medio. Se trata, como su nombre lo indica, de un estudio dedicado a la Filosofía, del cosmos en Santo Tomás de Aquino. A este respecto, la obra es un importante y serio intento por llevar a cabo una síntesis de los elementos metafísicos- cosmológicos diseminados en las distintas obras del Aquinate, dejando de lado los de carácter físico-cosmológico que el mismo tomó de la concepción física del universo vigente en su tiempo y que hoy, por supuesto, no interesan como nociones científicas sino más bien históricas. Para este cometido Saguineti centra su especulación en el análisis metafísico del problema del orden en el doctor Angélico, utilizando en el plano metodológico, innumerable cantidad de textos extraídos de la obra del mismo. La intención de nuestro autor es pues la de desarrollar una verdadera metafísica del orden cósmico en base a la "philosophia perennis". No entran, por el contrario, en consideración temas clásicos como la finitud o infinitud del universo o la estructura material del mismo, temas estos correspondientes más bien a la filosofía de la naturaleza

Macrobenthic fauna from an upwelling coastal area of Peru (Warm Temperate South-eastern Pacific province -Humboldtian ecoregion)

A total of 162 species and subspecies of marine macroinvertebrates were recorded in the submerged soft and hard substrates around the PERU LNG marine terminal and surrounding area, in the central coast of Peru, 167 km south of Lima, Peru. The collection of specimens was carried out from June 2011 to June 2015 as part of the research studies conducted by the Biodiversity Monitoring and Assessment Program (BMAP) around the marine terminal. The area is part of the Humboldt Current Large Marine Ecosystem, one of the most important upwelling systems in the world. We identified specimens belonging to 83 families and seven phyla. The list was assembled from the taxonomic identifications made by the BMAP. We identified species and subspecies belonging to phyla Annelida, Arthropoda, Brachiopoda, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Bryozoa and Mollusca. Phyla Annelida (60 spp.), Arthropoda (47 spp.)and Mollusca (45 spp.) exhibited the largest number of species

Approach to assess infrared thermal imaging of almond trees under water-stress conditions

Introduction. Optimising agricultural water use implies the combination of physiological, technological and engineering techniques, especially those for continuously monitoring the water status of plants subjected to deficit irrigation. A methodology to estimate water stress of young almond trees from thermal images was developed based on assessing the physiological status of almond crops under limited water-supply conditions. Materials and methods. Two irrigation treatments were tested during the maximum evapotranspirative demand period (214th to the 243rd day of the year) in an experimental almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Webb, cv. Guara] orchard: a low-frequency deficit irrigation (LFDI) treatment, irrigated according to the plant-water status, and a fully irrigated treatment (C100) at 100% of crop evapotranspiration. Daily canopy temperature at midday (TC) was measured with an infrared camera, together with standard measurements of stem-water potential (ΨStem) and stomatal conductance (gS). The time course of these parameters and their relationships were analysed. Results and discussion. The time course of the parameters studied showed highly significant correlations among the differentials of canopy-air temperature (ΔT), ΨStem and gS. The methodological protocol for analysing thermal images allowed a time saving in processing information and additionally offered the possibility of estimating the ΨStem and gS values. Conclusion. Our results confirm that infrared thermography is a suitable technique for assessing the crop-water status and can be used as an important step towards automated plant-water stress management in almond orchards