A la zaga de lo político. La agenda mediática de la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras

After several failed attempts to implement Agrarian Reform in Colombia and one month after his swearing in ceremony, President Juan Manuel Santos presented Congress the Land Restitution chapter of the Victim´s Law, which seeks to return property of their land to more than four million displaced persons caused by the armed conflict experienced by the country for more than 60 years, which had its origins in the social and land ownership inequality. From the field of political communication, the government is not the only player in the course of the law´s approval, so are the opposition, the victims, and the media. However, the focus of the main Colombian communication outlets seems to emphasize only the historical importance of the law, which is also the focus of the government, and casts aside the criticism of its implementation, the scant participation of the victims in its drafting, and the more than 20 leaders assassinated by illegal agents that oppose restitution.Después de varios intentos fallidos de hacer una Reforma Agraria en Colombia el presidente Juan Manuel Santos, a un mes de posesionado, presentó al Congreso de la República la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras que busca devolver la propiedad de la tierra a más de cuatro millones de desplazados que ha dejado el conflicto armado que vive el país desde hace más de 60 años y que tuvo su origen en la inequidad social y en la tenencia de la tierra. En el curso de la aprobación de la Ley, y desde el campo de la comunicación política, no sólo el gobierno es actor, lo son también los opositores, las víctimas y los medios. Sin embargo, el encuadre de los principales medios de comunicación colombianos parece enfatizar únicamente en la importancia histórica de la Ley que es el mismo enfoque del gobierno y deja de lado las críticas frente a su implementación, la poca participación de las víctimas en la elaboración y los más de 20 líderes asesinados por agentes legales que se oponen a la restitución

Nuances of intimacy. A look into political dimension of Dora Ramírez's Work

El taller del artista ha sido un tema poco explorado por la investigación en Colombia, por lo tanto, este texto busca aproximarse al espacio creativo por excelencia de los artistas plásticos, pero en particular al taller de las artistas mujeres con el fin de problematizar la relación entre lo público y lo privado en la obra de la pintora antioqueña Dora Ramírez nacida en los años veinte del siglo pasado.The artist’s studio has been a little-explored research in Colombia; therefore, this text seeks to approach the creative space par excellence of the artists, but particularly to women artists workshop in order to problematize the relationship between public and private in the work of the Antiochian painter Dora Ramirez born in the twenties of the last century

La presión simbólica de la opinión pública en la prensa. Análisis del caso reelección presidencial en Colombia en el periódico El Tiempo 2004-2005

ResumenEl presente artículo tiene el carácter de un texto descriptivo y analítico producto de la investigación realizada sobre un aspecto de conyuntura política en Colombia: la reelección Presidencial. Se realizó como un análisis de caso que tomó como método el análisis crítico de discurso de Teun A. van Dijk y que partió de los editoriales que el periódico más importante de Colombia publicó sobre este tema.Palabras clave: Análisis crítico del discurso, opinión pública, reelección presidencial, clima de opinión, pluralismo

A la zaga de lo político. La agenda mediática de la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras

After several failed attempts to implement Agrarian Reform in Colombia and one month after his swearing in ceremony, President Juan Manuel Santos presented Congress the Land Restitution chapter of the Victim´s Law, which seeks to return property of theirDespués de varios intentos fallidos de implementar la Reforma Agraria en Colombia y un mes después de su juramento en la ceremonia, el presidente Juan Manuel Santos presentó al Congreso el capítulo de Restitución de Tierras de la Ley de Víctimas, que bus

Los matices de la intimidad: Una mirada a la dimensión política de la obra de Dora Ramírez

The artist’s studio has been a little-explored research in Colombia; therefore, this text seeks to approach the creative space par excellence of the artists, but particularly to women artists workshop in order to problematize the relationship between public and private in the work of the Antiochian painter Dora Ramirez born in the twenties of the last century.El taller del artista ha sido un tema poco explorado por la investigación en Colombia, por lo tanto, este texto busca aproximarse al espacio creativo por excelencia de los artistas plásticos, pero en particular al taller de las artistas mujeres con el fin de problematizar la relación entre lo público y lo privado en la obra de la pintora antioqueña Dora Ramírez nacida en los años veinte del siglo pasado

Futuros arquitectos formadores: didáctica de la Arquitectura en la escuela

La enseñanza de la Arquitectura está reservada a los estudiantes: futuros arquitectos y arquitectas a quienes se les presupone actitud y aptitud para repensar la forma de habitar y de construir. Una vez formados en el manejo de diferentes disciplinas y ejercitados para el dominio de destrezas arquitectónicas, la sociedad pone en sus manos la responsabilidad de conformar nuestra forma de vivir, de relacionarnos, en definitiva, de ser. La educación temprana en conceptos arquitectónicos desarrolla en la persona capacidades que la hacen más creativa, independiente y, sobre todo, más crítica con su entorno construido. Enseñar Arquitectura a los niños y niñas es innovar fomentando un futuro donde todos y todas seamos capaces de replantear nuestra ocupación del territorio desde el conocimiento. En la actualidad, la introducción de la arquitectura en centros educativos es una realidad. Formar a estudiantes de arquitectura para que, durante su vida profesional, enseñen arquitectura a los niños y niñas, no sólo es un nuevo enfoque profesional sino que asegura una oportunidad para que mañana, ciudad y vivienda sean, al menos, diferentes. Este trabajo estudia el método de enseñar arquitectura a niños y niñas con ejemplos prácticos como base para su introducción en las Escuelas de Arquitectura

Pediatric Chagas disease in the non-endemic area of Madrid: A fifteen-year review (2004-2018)

Background: Chagas disease (CD) has become an emerging global health problem in association with the immigration of individuals from endemic areas (in LatinAmerica) to other countries.Spain is the country in Europe with the highest number of CD cases. Concerning pediatric CD, treatment is not only better tolerated by younger children but also has greater cure possibilities. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and epidemiological aspects of CD in a pediatric population diagnosed of 10 hospitals in the Community of Madrid during the 2004-2018 period, as well as the safety and efficacy of CD treatment on this population. Methodology/principal findings: A multicenter, retrospective, descriptive study was conducted. The studied population included all identified children under the age of 18 with a diagnosis of CD. Diagnosis was performed with a positive parasitological test (with subsequent confirmation) or confirmed persistence of positive serology beyond 9 months, for children younger than one year-old, and with two different positive serological tests, for children older than one. Fifty-one children were included (59% male; 50.9% born in Spain). All mothers were from Latin America. The median age at diagnosis was 0.7 months for those under one year of age, and 11.08 years for those older than one year-old. Only one case presented a symptomatic course (hydrops faetalis, haemodynamic instability at birth, ascites, anaemia). For 94% treatment was completed. Considering patients who received benznidazole (47), AE were recorded in 48,9%. Among the 32 patients older than one year-old treated with benznidazole, 18 (56.25%) had adverse events whereas in the 15 under one year, 5(33,3%) did. Eigtheen (78.2%) of the patients with benznidazole AE were older than one year-old(median age 11.4 years). Of the patients treated with nifurtimox (9), AE were reported in 3 cases (33,3%). Cure was confirmed in 80% of the children under one year-old vs 4.3% in those older (p<0.001). Loss to follow- up occurred in 35.3% of patients. Conclusions/significances: Screening programs of CD since birth allow early diagnosis and treatment, with a significantly higher cure rate in children treated before one year of age, with lower incidence of adverse events. The high proportion of patients lost to follow-up in this vulnerable population is of concern.S

Estudios de la flora del departamento del Quindío

La ciencia ha descrito hasta el día de hoy 250.000 especies de plantas (Wheeler 1990), aunque se calcula que deben existir entre 300.000 y 500.000. Cada especie es el producto de una larga historia evolutiva, que en el tiempo, ha llevado a la acumulación de gran cantidad de información, almacenada en su genoma, y que le permite funcionar adecuadamente en un ambiente dado. Esta información ha sido utilizada por los seres humanos para su beneficio como fuente de alimentos, fibra, madera, religión y medicinas (alrededor de unas 10.000 especies han sido empleadas). Sin embargo existe otro número igual de especies de uso potencial que necesitan ser estudiadas, en aspectos de identificación, clasificación y en su historia evolutiva.Introducción 1. Objetivos 2. Marco teórico 3. Estado del arte 4. Metodología 4.1 Área de estudio 4.2 Metodología 5. Resultados área 1 área 2 área 3 área 4 6. Conclusione

Autoantibodies against the immunodominant sCha epitope discriminate the risk of sudden death in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy

In Chagas disease (ChD) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, new biomarkers to predict chronic cardiac pathology are urgently needed. Previous studies in chagasic patients with mild symptomatology showed that antibodies against the immunodominant R3 epitope of sCha, a fragment of the human basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor like 5, correlated with cardiac pathology. To validate sCha as a biomarker and to understand the origin of anti-sCha antibodies, we conducted a multicenter study with several cohorts of chagasic patients with severe cardiac symptomatology. We found that levels of antibodies against sCha discriminated the high risk of sudden death, indicating they could be useful for ChD prognosis. We investigated the origin of the antibodies and performed an alanine scan of the R3 epitope. We identified a minimal epitope MRQLD, and a BLAST search retrieved several T. cruzi antigens. Five of the hits had known or putative functions, of which phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase showed the highest cross-reactivity with sCha, confirming the role of molecular mimicry in the development of anti-sCha antibodies. Altogether, we demonstrate that the development of antibodies against sCha, which originated by molecular mimicry with T. cruzi antigens, could discriminate electrocardiographic alterations associated with a high risk of sudden death.Ministerio de Economía y competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (SAF2015-63868-R (MINECO/FEDER) to N.G., and SAF2016-75988-R (MINECO/FEDER) to M.F.); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (PGC2018-096132-BI00 (MICINN/FEDER) to N.G.); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Banco de Santander Inter-University Cooperation Grant with Latin América (CEAL-AL/2015-12 to N.G.); Red de Investigación de Centros de Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET RD12/0018/0004 to M.F.); and Comunidad de Madrid (S-2010/BMD-2332 to M.F.). CBMSO institutional grants from Fundación Ramón Areces and Banco de Santande

ClinPrior: an algorithm for diagnosis and novel gene discovery by network-based prioritization

BackgroundWhole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have become indispensable tools to solve rare Mendelian genetic conditions. Nevertheless, there is still an urgent need for sensitive, fast algorithms to maximise WES/WGS diagnostic yield in rare disease patients. Most tools devoted to this aim take advantage of patient phenotype information for prioritization of genomic data, although are often limited by incomplete gene-phenotype knowledge stored in biomedical databases and a lack of proper benchmarking on real-world patient cohorts.MethodsWe developed ClinPrior, a novel method for the analysis of WES/WGS data that ranks candidate causal variants based on the patient's standardized phenotypic features (in Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms). The algorithm propagates the data through an interactome network-based prioritization approach. This algorithm was thoroughly benchmarked using a synthetic patient cohort and was subsequently tested on a heterogeneous prospective, real-world series of 135 families affected by hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and/or cerebellar ataxia (CA).ResultsClinPrior successfully identified causative variants achieving a final positive diagnostic yield of 70% in our real-world cohort. This includes 10 novel candidate genes not previously associated with disease, 7 of which were functionally validated within this project. We used the knowledge generated by ClinPrior to create a specific interactome for HSP/CA disorders thus enabling future diagnoses as well as the discovery of novel disease genes.ConclusionsClinPrior is an algorithm that uses standardized phenotype information and interactome data to improve clinical genomic diagnosis. It helps in identifying atypical cases and efficiently predicts novel disease-causing genes. This leads to increasing diagnostic yield, shortening of the diagnostic Odysseys and advancing our understanding of human illnesses