58 research outputs found
Conventional PCR primers for the detection of grapevine pathogens disseminated by propagating material
Polymerase chain reaction driven by sequence specific primers has become the most widely used diagnostic method to detect andidentify plant pathogens. The sensitive and cost-effective pathogen detection is exceptionally important in the production of propagatingmaterial. In this paper we have collected primer sequence data from the literature for the detection of the most important grapevine pathogensdisseminated by propagating stocks by conventional polymerase chain reaction. Basic protocols to obtain template nucleic acids have alsobeen briefly rewieved
Carrier-envelope offset stable, coherently combined ytterbium-doped fiber CPA delivering 1 kW of average power
We present a carrier-envelope offset (CEO) stable ytterbium-doped fiber chirped-pulse amplification system employing the technology of coherent beam combining and delivering more than 1 kW of average power at a pulse repetition rate of 80 MHz. The CEO stability of the system is 220 mrad rms, characterized out-of-loop with an f -to-2f interferometer in a frequency offset range of 10 Hz to 20 MHz. The high-power amplification system boosts the average power of the CEO stable oscillator by five orders of magnitude while increasing the phase noise by only 100 mrad. No evidence of CEO noise deterioration due to coherent beam combining is found. Low-frequency CEO fluctuations at the chirped-pulse amplifier are suppressed by a “slow loop” feedback. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a coherently combined laser system delivering an outstanding average power and high CEO stability at the same time. © 2020 Optical Society of Americ
Primers designed for the detection of grapevine pathogens spreading with propagating material by quantitative real-time PCR
Several grapevine pathogens are disseminated by propagating material as systemic, but latent infections. Their detection andidentification have a basic importance in the production and handling of propagating stocks. Thus several sensitive and reliable diagnosticprotocols mostly based on molecular techniques have been developed. Of these methods quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) has recently gotan emerging importance. Here we collected primer data for the detection and identification of grapevine pathogens which are important inthe production of propagating stocks by q-PCR. Additional novel techniques that use DNA amplification, hybridization and sequencing arealso briefly reviewed
High-power ytterbium-doped fiber laser delivering few-cycle, carrier-envelope phase-stable 100 µJ pulses at 100 kHz
Analysis of the melon (Cucumis melo) small RNAome by high-throughput pyrosequencing
Abstract Background Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a commercially important fruit crop that is cultivated worldwide. The melon research community has recently benefited from the determination of a complete draft genome sequence and the development of associated genomic tools, which have allowed us to focus on small RNAs (sRNAs). These are short, non-coding RNAs 21-24 nucleotides in length with diverse physiological roles. In plants, they regulate gene expression and heterochromatin assembly, and control protection against virus infection. Much remains to be learned about the role of sRNAs in melon. Results We constructed 10 sRNA libraries from two stages of developing ovaries, fruits and photosynthetic cotyledons infected with viruses, and carried out high-throughput pyrosequencing. We catalogued and analysed the melon sRNAs, resulting in the identification of 26 known miRNA families (many conserved with other species), the prediction of 84 melon-specific miRNA candidates, the identification of trans-acting siRNAs, and the identification of chloroplast, mitochondrion and transposon-derived sRNAs. In silico analysis revealed more than 400 potential targets for the conserved and novel miRNAs. Conclusion We have discovered and analysed a large number of conserved and melon-specific sRNAs, including miRNAs and their potential target genes. This provides insight into the composition and function of the melon small RNAome, and paves the way towards an understanding of sRNA-mediated processes that regulate melon fruit development and melon-virus interactions.This work was supported by grants AGL2009-07552/AGR, BIO2006-13107 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain) and MELONOMICS (Fundación Genoma España, Spain).Peer Reviewe
The mineralogical composition of calcium and calcium-magnesium carbonate pedofeatures of calcareous soils in the European prairie ecodivision in Hungary
Abstract
There is little data on the mineralogy of carbonate pedofeatures in the calcareous soils in Hungary which belong to the European prairie ecodivision. The aim of the present study is to enrich these data.
The mineralogical composition of the carbonate pedofeatures from characteristic profiles of the calcareous soils in Hungary was studied by X-ray diffractometry, thermal analysis, SEM combined with microanalysis, and stable isotope determination.
Regarding carbonate minerals only aragonite, calcite (+ magnesian calcite) and dolomite (+proto-dolomite) were identified in carbonate grains, skeletons and pedofeatures.
The values relating, respectively, to stable isotope compositions (C13, O18) of carbonates in chernozems and in salt-affected soils were in the same range as those for recent soils (latter data reported earlier). There were no considerable differences between the values for the carbonate nodules and tubules from the same horizons, nor were there significant variations between the values of the same pedofeatures from different horizons (BC-C) of the same profile. Thus it can be assumed that there were no considerable changes in conditions of formation.
Tendencies were recognized in the changes of (i) carbonate mineral associations, (ii) the MgCO3 content of calcites, (iii) the corrected decomposition temperatures, and (iv) the activation energies of carbonate thermal decompositions among the various substance-regimes of soils.
Differences were found in substance-regimes types of soils rather than in soil types
Relationship between soil properties and potentially toxic element content based on the dataset of the Soil Information and Monitoring System in Hungary
Identification of Salt Stress Biomarkers in Romanian Carpathian Populations of Picea abies (L.) Karst
The Norway spruce (Picea abies), the most important tree species in European forests, is
relatively sensitive to salt and does not grow in natural saline environments. Yet many trees
are actually exposed to salt stress due to the common practice of de-icing of mountain
roads in winter, using large amounts of NaCl. To help develop strategies for an appropriate
use of reproductive seed material on reforestation sites, ensuring better chances of seedling
survival in salt-affected areas, we have studied the responses of young spruce seedlings to
salt treatments. The specific aim of the work was to identify the optimal salt stress biomarkers
in Picea abies, using as experimental material seedlings obtained by germination of
seeds with origin in seven populations from the Romanian Carpathian Mountains. These
responses included general, conserved reactions such as the accumulation of ions and different
osmolytes in the seedlings needles, reduction in photosynthetic pigments levels, or
activation of antioxidant systems. Although changes in the contents of different compounds
involved in these reactions can be associated to the degree of stress affecting the plants,
we propose that the (decreasing) levels of total phenolics or total carotenoids and the
(increasing) levels of Na+ or K+ ions in Picea abies needles, should be considered as the
most reliable and useful biomarkers for salt stress in this species. They all show very high
correlation with the intensity of salt stress, independently of the genetic background of the
seeds parental population, and relatively easy, quantitative assays are available to determine
their concentrations, requiring simple equipment and little amount of plant material.Funding: Sorin Schiop is a PhD student at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. This paper was published under the frame of European Social Found, Human Resources Development Operational Programme 2007-2013, project no. POSDRU/159/1.5/S/132765. Mohamad Al Hassan is a recipient of an Erasmus Mundus pre-doctoral scholarship financed by the European Commission (Welcome Consortium).Schiop, ST.; Al Hassan, M.; Sestras, AF.; Boscaiu Neagu, MT.; Sestras, RE.; Vicente Meana, Ó. (2015). Identification of Salt Stress Biomarkers in Romanian Carpathian Populations of Picea abies (L.) Karst. PLoS ONE. 10(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135419Se013541910
Consequences of climate change for the soil climate in Central Europe and the central plains of the United States
Ubiquitous miR159 repression of MYB33/65 in Arabidopsis rosettes is robust and is not perturbed by a wide range of stresses
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