El fútbol, en tanto práctica psicosocial, como posibilidad de intervención en pos de la (re) construcción de desarrollo comunitario. / Soccer, while psychosocial practice, as the possibility of intervention towards the (re) construction of community ...

El presente artículo discute acerca de las posibilidades que el fútbol, en tanto práctica psicosocial, tendría de convertirse en proceso de intervención comunitaria, el cual, considerado como acción social organizada, contribuya al desarrollo de la comunidad. La idea es (re) pensar, desde el marco donde hoy se insertan los procesos de intervención, el deporte colectivo como un satisfactor, en palabras de Max Neef et al. (1986), de tipo sinérgico. Este trabajo se basa en los resultados de una investigación en el marco del proceso de licenciatura de la Escuela de Psicología de la Universidad Central de Chile, de la revisión y análisis de las sistematizaciones y evaluaciones internas realizadas al Programa Escuelas Preventivas de Fútbol del Ministerio del interior del gobierno de Chile, División de Seguridad Pública, durante el periodo correspondiente al año 2008 y de la articulación y discusión teórica en el marco de una mirada transdisciplinar acerca del trabajo comunitario. The following article talks about the possibilities of soccer, as a psychosocial practice, could have to become a community intervention process, which could contribute to a community development. The idea is to reconsider, from the context where today intervention processes are inserted, the collective sport as a satisfactor, in the words of Max Neef et al (1986), synergic. This work is based on the results of an investigation under the process to choose the degree of psychologist at the School of Psychology at the Central University of Chile, the review and analysis of the systematization and internal evaluations conducted to Preventive Schools Program Soccer from Ministry of the Interior of the government of Chile , Division of Public Security, during the relevant period to 2008 and of the joint and theoretical discussion in the context of a transdisciplinary look for community work

Variations in seasonal solar insolation are associated with a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with circadian disruption and a high risk of suicidal behavior. In a previous exploratory study of patients with bipolar I disorder, we found that a history of suicide attempts was associated with differences between winter and summer levels of solar insolation. The purpose of this study was to confirm this finding using international data from 42% more collection sites and 25% more countries. Methods: Data analyzed were from 71 prior and new collection sites in 40 countries at a wide range of latitudes. The analysis included 4876 patients with bipolar I disorder, 45% more data than previously analyzed. Of the patients, 1496 (30.7%) had a history of suicide attempt. Solar insolation data, the amount of the sun’s electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, was obtained for each onset location (479 locations in 64 countries). Results: This analysis confirmed the results of the exploratory study with the same best model and slightly better statistical significance. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempts and the ratio of mean winter insolation to mean summer insolation (mean winter insolation/mean summer insolation). This ratio is largest near the equator which has little change in solar insolation over the year, and smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. Other variables in the model associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts were a history of alcohol or substance abuse, female gender, and younger birth cohort. The winter/summer insolation ratio was also replaced with the ratio of minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation to accommodate insolation patterns in the tropics, and nearly identical results were found. All estimated coefficients were significant at p < 0.01. Conclusion: A large change in solar insolation, both between winter and summer and between the minimum and maximum monthly values, may increase the risk of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder. With frequent circadian rhythm dysfunction and suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder, greater understanding of the optimal roles of daylight and electric lighting in circadian entrainment is needed

Estudio Descriptivo Explicativo de la relación Madre e Hijo en el Síndrome de Autismo Infantil

Tesis (Licenciado en Psicología)La siguiente investigación nace a partir de un interés personal de poder conocer y desarrollar un poco más la temática que rodea al tema del autismo. La investigación busca indagar sobre las distintas directrices que circundan el vínculo madre e hijo en el síndrome de autismo. A partir de esto se buscó desarrollar los conceptos propios de la patología y de esta área en especial, realizando así una completa revisión teórica, de los temas afines con la investigación. Tomando esto en consideración, para el estudio es importante dejar en claro en qué consiste esta patología, cual es su sintomatología, y además cuáles son las incidencias de ésta en la vida del niño y su familia. En este punto nace el tema principal de este trabajo la cual se centra en describir y explorar gran parte de los aspectos que rodean al vinculo madre e hijo. Para esto se trabajó con una muestra de 16 sujetos y sus madres, utilizando distintos tipos de instrumentos para la recolección de información, obteniendo así importantes datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, que contribuyen y confirman las investigaciones realizadas hasta el momento. La hipótesis que moviliza la investigación, busca evidenciar, si el vínculo entre la madre y el hijo, va ha tener incidencias en el desarrollo del menor. Una vez terminada la investigación se- obtuvieron conclusiones importantes frente a· la temática estudiada, además los datos cobran una relevancia adicional, al llevarlos a la realidad chilena, ya que se descubrió que los factores socioculturales tienen una _gran influencia en el tema

TM6SF2 rs58542926 Polymorphism is not Associated With Risk of Steatosis or Fibrosis in Chilean Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C

Background: The polymorphism rs58542926 C > T (E167K) in the gene of transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) has been identified as a determinant of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Only limited data have been published on this subject in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphism on the risk of liver steatosis and fibrosis in Chilean patients with CHC infection. Methods: A total of 153 biopsied CHC patients were genotyped for TM6SF2 rs58542926 using PCR-RFLP methodology. The risk of fatty liver was assessed by comparing absence (< 5 %) with presence ( 5 %) of steatosis. The association with fibrosis was evaluated according to METAVIR score, by comparing patients in stage F0, F1, or F2 with patients in stage F3 or F4. Results: TM6SF2 rs58542926 genotype CC was found in 138 (90.2%) patients, whereas genotypes CT was found in 15 (9.8 %). No association was observed between rs58542926 genotype and risk of steatosis (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.17 - 2.22, P = 0.459) or fibrosis (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.29 - 3.87, P = 0.923). Conclusions: TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphism is not associated with the risk of liver steatosis or fibrosis in Chilean patients with CHC

Association of a distinctive strain of Epstein-Barr virus with gastric cancer

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to gastric carcinoma (GC) with worldwide geographical variations attributable to types and variants of EBV. Here, we compare EBV strains between EBVaGC and healthy donors in Latin America, a high frequency area for EBVaGC. Tumor samples from 73 EBVaGC cases and throat washings from 329 healthy adults were examined for types 1 and 2 EBV and polymorphism at BamHI-F and BamHI-W1/11 boundary regions and XhoI restriction site in LMP1 gene. Type 1 and prototype F of BamHI-F polymorphism accounted 59 (81%) and 69 (95%) of EBVaGC cases and 257 (78%) and 267 (81%) of healthy donors, respectively. Types I and "i" of BamHI W1/11 polymorphism accounted 2 (3%) and 62 (85%) of EBVaGC and 85 (26%) and 170 (52%) of healthy donors, respectively (p < 0.001). XhoI+ and - polymorphism accounted 60 (82%) and 4 (5%) of EBVaGC and 142 (43%) and 92 (28%) of healthy donors, respectively (p < 0.001). Cosegregation analysis demonstrated that most of the 62 type "i" EBVaGC cases harbor Xhol+ strain (81%). However, among 143 type "i" healthy adults, both XhoI polymorphism were present in relatively similar frequencies (XhoI+ 58% and XhoI- 42%) (OR 9.0; 95% CI 1.2-69). Our findings are against to the proposed hypothesis that EBV strains are geographically but not disease-restricted. We conclude that most of the FBVaGC cases harbor a distinctive EBV strain (type "i"/XhoI +), but in healthy donors, this strain was as common as other strains. This finding is contrary to the proposed hypothesis that EBV strains are geographically but not disease-restricted and identified a healthy population group that share the same strain that predominate in EBVaGC cases

Upregulation of PIR gene expression induced by human papillomavirus E6 and E7 in epithelial oral and cervical cells

The hallmark of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-related carcinogenesis is E6 and E7 oncogene overexpression. The aim of this work was to characterize epithelial oral and cervical cancer cells that express HR-HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Transcriptomic assay using DNA microarrays revealed that PIR gene expression was detected in oral cells in an HR-HPV E6/E7dependent manner. In addition, PIR was overexpressed in HPV-positive SiHa and Ca Ski cells, whereas it was undetectable in HPV-negative C33A cells. The PIR expression was dependent on functional HR-HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins even though the E7 oncoprotein had higher activity to induce PIR overexpression in comparison with E6. In addition, using an siRNA for PIR silencing in oral cells ectopically expressing HR-HPV E6/E7, there was a significant increase in E-cadherin transcripts and a decrease in Vimentin, Slug, Zeb and Snail transcripts, suggesting that HR-HPV-induced PIR overexpression is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, migration of PIR-silenced cells was significantly decreased. Finally, using inhibitors of some specific pathways, it was found that EGFR/ERK and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways are important for E7-mediated PIR overexpression. It can be concluded that PIR gene expression is highly dependent on the expression of HR-HPV oncoproteins and is important for EMT regulation.Fondecyt 1161219 1130292 1160889 CONICYT-FONDAP-1513001

The EGFR/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways abrogation do not affect basal pirin levels in OKF6-Tert2 from Upregulation of PIR gene expression induced by human papillomavirus E6 and E7 in epithelial oral and cervical cells

(a) OKF6-Tert2 cells stably transfected with pLXSN vector were incubated with inhibitors AG1478 (EGFR tyrosine kinase), UO126 (MEK1/MEK2) and LY294002 (phosphoinositide 3-kinase). Pirin protein levels were evaluated by Western blot