Role of physical activity and health- related fitness on self-confidence and interpersonal relations in 14-year-old adolescents from secondary school settings: DADOS study

Background: The effect of physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) on self-confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents is uncertain. Aim: To analyzed the associations of PA and PF with self-confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents. Sample: A total of 268 (138 boys) adolescents (13.9 ± 0.3 years) from the DADOS study were included in the analysis. Methods: PA was evaluated using GENEActiv accelerometers and the health-related PF components by the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery. The levels of self-confidence and interpersonal relations were determined by the Behavior Assessment System for Children Level 3. Results: The associations of PA levels and PF components with self-confidence reported positive associations of moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), standing long jump, and 20-m shuttle run (shuttle run test) tests (all p < 0.05), and negative association of 4 × 10-m shuttle run test (4 × 10-m test), but only the 4 × 10-m test remained significant in the adjusted model for the whole sample and only in boys (p ≤ 0.01) when analyzed by sex. Regarding interpersonal relations, positive associations of standing long jump and shuttle run test (all p < 0.05), and negative association of 4 × 10-m test were found in all the adolescents. The shuttle run test was associated with interpersonal relations in boys independently of confounders. PA levels were not associated with interpersonal relations. Conclusion: A higher level of lower-limb muscle strength, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness might improve self-confidence and interpersonal relations in adolescents, but these relationships seem to be influenced by sex, body mass index, and pubertal status. Speed-agility and cardiorespiratory fitness seem to have a stronger impact on boys. MVPA may improve self-confidence in adolescents

Práctica deportiva, condición física y salud en la adolescencia: Proyecto DADOS

Introducción: La condición física (CF) es un potente marcador de salud durante la adolescencia. La participación en actividades deportivas organizadas es la forma más común de actividad física, reportando múltiples beneficios para la salud. La contribución de la práctica deportiva a la CF depende de las características de dicha práctica. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue examinar la asociación entre las especialidades deportivas y la CF en atletas adolescentes. Métodos: 164 atletas (101 chicos) de 13.9±0.3 años, participantes del Proyecto DADOS, fueron incluidos en el análisis. La fuerza muscular se evaluó con las pruebas de fuerza de prensión manual y salto horizontal. La velocidad-agilidad se evaluó mediante el test 4x10m. La resistencia cardiorrespiratoria se evaluó con el test de ida y vuelta de 20m. Los participantes autoreportaron la especialidad deportiva practicada (deportes continuos vs. intermitentes) y el número de sesiones de entrenamiento semanal. Resultados: Los chicos presentaron mayores niveles de CF para todas las variables estudiadas (P<0.05). Análisis adicionales según la especialidad deportiva mostraron que los deportes continuos requerían un mayor número de sesiones de entrenamiento. Los mayores niveles de fuerza muscular y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria fueron observados en los atletas practicantes de deportes continuos (P<0.05). Conclusiones: Los principales hallazgos de nuestro estudio indican que la práctica de deportes continuos conlleva una mayor dedicación y parece reportar mayores niveles de CF respecto a los deportes intermitentes. Futuras investigaciones que traten de explicar los motivos de las diferencias encontradas resultan necesarias para comprender el impacto de la práctica deportiva durante la adolescencia.Introduction: Physical fitness (PF) is a powerful marker of physical and mental health in youth. Participation in organized-sports is the most common form of leisure time physical activity, reporting many health benefits. The contribution of sport practice to PF depends on the specific characteristics of the activity. The aim of our study was to examine the association of sport characteristics with PF in healthy adolescents. Methods: A sample of 164 athletes (101 males) aged 13.9±0.3y from DADOS Study was selected. Muscular strength was measured with the handgrip and the standing long jump tests. Speed-agility was measured with the 4x10m shuttle run test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with the 20m shuttle run test. Sport speciality and weekly sessions were self-reported by participants. Sport specialities were dichotomized as continuous and intermittent sports. Results: Boys showed higher levels of PF than girls for all studied variables, with no differences in the number of organized-sports weekly sessions (all P<0.05). Additional analysis according to sport speciality showed that athletes from continuous sports completed more weekly sessions compared with intermittent sports. Comparisons of sport speciality by gender revealed higher levels of muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness for boys and girls practising continuous sports (e.g. swimming, cycling) compared with intermittent sports (e.g. basketball) (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The main findings of our study indicate that continuous sports are more time demanding than intermittent ones. Moreover, athletes from continuous sports seem to be fitter than adolescents from intermittent sports. Further research is needed to clarify the reason of our results

Epidemiología de las infecciones por parásitos intestinales en el Cantón Nabón, Ecuador

El parasitismo intestinal es considerado como un problema médico social en una sociedad. La Organización Mundial de la Salud la asocia al entorno en el que habita un individuo acompañado de una mala higiene, consumo de alimentos crudos, falta de provisión de agua potable, contaminación fecal, bajo nivel de instrucción, hacinamiento y el inadecuado tratamiento y excreción de los residuos que generalmente involucra la parte gubernamental. La presente investigación se planteó como objetivo determinar la epidemiologia de la parasitosis intestinal en la población del cantón Nabón, Ecuador. La población estuvo constituida por 15.892 personas. A partir de una muestra de 382 habitantes, se evaluaron las siguientes variables:&nbsp; sexo, edad, residencia, etnia, exámenes coproparasitarios, aplicando la técnica de Ritchie, para diagnosticar la presencia de parasitosis intestinal e identificar el tipo de Parasito. Se identificó que existe una prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal de 56,03%, el tipo de parasito intestinal que predomino fueron los protozoarios no se reportaron helmintos, la infección por Entamoeba hystolitica fue la más frecuente con un 48,01%, de las variables sociodemográficas predomino sexo femenino, edad adulta, etnia mestiza y residencia rural. Se concluye que la infección por parásitos intestinales es un problema que afecta a la mas de la mitad de la población estudiada presumiendo como mecanismo de trasmisión factores condiciones relacionados a la contaminación fecal.Intestinal parasitism is considered as a social medical issue in a community. World Health Organization relates it to the environment in which an individual inhabitates followed by a bad hygiene, consumption of raw food, lack of drinking water supply, fecal contamination, low education level, overcrowding and improper handling and excretion of residuals which commonly involves the government. The present research aimed to determine the epidemiology of intestinal parasitosis in the population of the Nabón canton, Ecuador. The universe consisted of 15,892 people. From a sample of 382 inhabitants, the following variables were evaluated: sex, age, residence, ethnicity, coproparasitic examinations, applying the Ritchie technique, to diagnose the presence of intestinal parasitosis and identify the type of Parasite. It was identified that there is a prevalence of Intestinal parasitism 56.03%, the predominant type of intestinal parasite was protozoa, no helminths were reported, Entamoeba hystolitica infection was the most frequent with 48.01%, of sociodemographical variables, female genre, adult age, half-blood ethnic and rural residence ruled. Is concluded that the infection by intestinal parasites is a problem that affects half of the population studied, presuming factors related to fecal contamination as the transmission mechanism

Long-term effects in bone mineral density after different bariatric procedures in patients with type 2 diabetes: outcomes of a randomized clinical trial

There is scant evidence of the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on bone mineral density (BMD). We compared BMD changes in patients with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) 5 years after randomization to metabolic gastric bypass (mRYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and greater curvature plication (GCP). We studied the influence of first year gastrointestinal hormone changes on final bone outcomes. Forty-five patients, averaging 49.4 (7.8) years old and body mass index (BMI) 39.4 (1.9) kg/m(2), were included. BMD at lumbar spine (LS) was lower after mRYGB compared to SG and GCP: 0.89 [0.82;0.94] vs. 1.04 [0.91;1.16] vs. 0.99 [0.89;1.12],p= 0.020. A higher percentage of LS osteopenia was present after mRYGB 78.6% vs. 33.3% vs. 50.0%, respectively. BMD reduction was greater in T2D remitters vs. non-remitters. Weight at fifth year predicted BMD changes at the femoral neck (FN) (adjustedR(2): 0.3218;p= 0.002), and type of surgery (mRYGB) and menopause predicted BMD changes at LS (adjustedR(2): 0.2507;p< 0.015). In conclusion, mRYGB produces higher deleterious effects on bone at LS compared to SG and GCP in the long-term. Women in menopause undergoing mRYGB are at highest risk of bone deterioration. Gastrointestinal hormone changes after surgery do not play a major role in BMD outcomes

Role of adipose tissue GLP-1R expression in metabolic improvement after bariatric surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes

We aimed to explore the relationship between GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression in adipose tissue (AT) and incretin secretion, glucose homeostasis and weight loss, in patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes undergoing bariatric surgery. RNA was extracted from subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) AT biopsies from 40 patients randomized to metabolic gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy or greater curvature plication. Biochemical parameters, fasting plasma insulin, glucagon and area under the curve (AUC) of GLP-1 following a standard meal test were determined before and 1 year after bariatric surgery. GLP-1R expression was higher in VAT than in SAT. GLP-1R expression in VAT correlated with weight (r = -0.453, p = 0.008), waist circumference (r = -0.494, p = 0.004), plasma insulin (r = -0.466, p = 0.007), and systolic blood pressure (BP) (r = -0.410, p = 0.018). At 1 year, GLP-1R expression in VAT was negatively associated with diastolic BP (r = -0.361, p = 0.039) and, following metabolic gastric bypass, with the increase of GLP-1 AUC, (R-2 = 0.46, p = 0.038). Finally, GLP-1R in AT was similar independently of diabetes outcomes and was not associated with weight loss after surgery. Thus, GLP-1R expression in AT is of limited value to predict incretin response and does not play a role in metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery

A specific gut microbiota signature is associated with an enhanced GLP-1 and GLP-2 secretion and improved metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes after metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Objective: To determine changes in incretins, systemic inflammation, intestinal permeability and microbiome modifications 12 months after metabolic RYGB (mRYGB) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their relationship with metabolic improvement. Materials and methods: Prospective single-center non-randomized controlled study, including patients with class II-III obesity and T2D undergoing mRYGB. At baseline and one year after surgery we performed body composition measurements, biochemical analysis, a meal tolerance test (MTT) and lipid test (LT) with determination of the area under the curve (AUC) for insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, GLP-2, and fasting determinations of succinate, zonulin, IL-6 and study of gut microbiota. Results: Thirteen patients aged 52.6 ± 6.5 years, BMI 39.3 ± 1.4 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.62 ± 1.5% were evaluated. After mRYGB, zonulin decreased and an increase in AUC after MTT was observed for GLP-1 (pre 9371 ± 5973 vs post 15788 ± 8021 pM, P<0.05), GLP-2 (pre 732 ± 182 vs post 1190 ± 447 ng/ml, P<0.001) and C- peptide, as well as after LT. Species belonging to Streptococaceae, Akkermansiacea, Rickenellaceae, Sutterellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Veillonellaceae, Enterobacterales_uc, and Fusobacteriaceae families increased after intervention and correlated positively with AUC of GLP-1 and GLP-2, and negatively with glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides and adiposity markers. Clostridium perfringens and Roseburia sp. 40_7 behaved similarly. In contrast, some species belonging to Lachnospiraceae, Erysipelotricaceae, and Rumnicocaceae families decreased and showed opposite correlations. Higher initial C-peptide was the only predictor for T2D remission, which was achieved in 69% of patients. Conclusions: Patients with obesity and T2D submitted to mRYGB show an enhanced incretin response, a reduced gut permeability and a metabolic improvement, associated with a specific microbiota signature

A specific gut microbiota signature is associated with an enhanced GLP-1 and GLP-2 secretion and improved metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes after metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

ObjectiveTo determine changes in incretins, systemic inflammation, intestinal permeability and microbiome modifications 12 months after metabolic RYGB (mRYGB) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their relationship with metabolic improvement.Materials and methodsProspective single-center non-randomized controlled study, including patients with class II-III obesity and T2D undergoing mRYGB. At baseline and one year after surgery we performed body composition measurements, biochemical analysis, a meal tolerance test (MTT) and lipid test (LT) with determination of the area under the curve (AUC) for insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, GLP-2, and fasting determinations of succinate, zonulin, IL-6 and study of gut microbiota.ResultsThirteen patients aged 52.6 ± 6.5 years, BMI 39.3 ± 1.4 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.62 ± 1.5% were evaluated. After mRYGB, zonulin decreased and an increase in AUC after MTT was observed for GLP-1 (pre 9371 ± 5973 vs post 15788 ± 8021 pM, P&lt;0.05), GLP-2 (pre 732 ± 182 vs post 1190 ± 447 ng/ml, P&lt;0.001) and C- peptide, as well as after LT. Species belonging to Streptococaceae, Akkermansiacea, Rickenellaceae, Sutterellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Veillonellaceae, Enterobacterales_uc, and Fusobacteriaceae families increased after intervention and correlated positively with AUC of GLP-1 and GLP-2, and negatively with glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides and adiposity markers. Clostridium perfringens and Roseburia sp. 40_7 behaved similarly. In contrast, some species belonging to Lachnospiraceae, Erysipelotricaceae, and Rumnicocaceae families decreased and showed opposite correlations. Higher initial C-peptide was the only predictor for T2D remission, which was achieved in 69% of patients.ConclusionsPatients with obesity and T2D submitted to mRYGB show an enhanced incretin response, a reduced gut permeability and a metabolic improvement, associated with a specific microbiota signature

Breastfeeding in infancy is not associated with inflammatory status in healthy adolescents

It has been suggested that breast-feeding (BF) may be associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. A low-grade inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, even in apparently healthy children. The objective of this study was to assess the potential modulating effect of BF on the inflammatory status of healthy adolescents. Information on BE (duration) was obtained from parental records in 484 of 1040 healthy European urban adolescents (56.4% females) that had a blood sample obtained as part of the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition and Adolescence study. Blood serum inflammatory markers were measured, including high sensitivity C-reactive protein, complement factors 3 and 4, ceruloplasmin, adhesion molecules (L-selectin and soluble endothelial selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1), cytokines, TGF beta 1, and white blood cells. After univariate analysis, a propensity score, including the potential confounding factors, was computed and used to assess the association between BF and selected inflammatory markers. BE was not significantly associated with any of the selected inflammatory markers after adjustment for gender and propensity score. In our study, BE was not associated with low-grade inflammatory status in healthy adolescents, suggesting that the potential cardiovascular benefits of BF are related to other mechanisms than modulation of inflammation or might become relevant at a later age. Groups at high risk for cardiovascular disease should be a target for further research concerning the effects of BF