Search for partial resistance to leaf rust in a collection of ancient Spanish wheats

A collection of 917 accessions of Spanish durum and bread wheat was screened for resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) under field conditions at three locations. Resistance levels ranged from very low to very high, high susceptibility being most frequent. Relative disease severity (referred to the most susceptible accession = 100 %) was lower than 20 % in about 6 % of the accessions in each location. In the collection most of the lines (84 %)displayed a susceptible infection type. A final selection of seven accessions (one of them durum) displaying low severity level in the field and high infection type in a growth chamber was chosen for further studies. High levels of partial resistant with longer latency period and high percentage of early aborted colonies without necrosis were found. They might be used in breeding programmes

Influence of the strong metal support interaction effect (SMSI) of Pt/TiO2 and Pd/TiO2 systems in the photocatalytic biohydrogen production from glucose solution

Two different catalysts consisting of Pt/TiO2 and Pd/TiO 2 were submitted to diverse oxidative and reductive calcination treatments and tested for photocatalytic reforming of glucose water solution (as a model of biomass component) in H2 production. Oxidation and reduction at 850°C resulted in better photocatalysts for hydrogen production than Degussa P-25 and the ones prepared at 500°C, despite the fact that the former consisted in very low surface area (6-8 m2/g) rutile titania specimens. The platinum-containing systems prepared at 850°C give the most effective catalysts. XPS characterization of the systems showed that thermal treatment at 850°C resulted in electron transfer from titania to metal particles through the so-called strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) effect. Furthermore, the greater the SMSI effect, the better the catalytic performance. Improvement in photocatalytic behavior is explained in terms of avoidance of electron-hole recombination through the electron transfer from titania to metal particles

Effects of reduced and conventional tillage on weed communities: Results of a long-term experiment in Southwestern Spain [Efeito do cultivo mínimo e plantio convencional em comunidades de plantas daninhas: Resultados de um experimento de longo prazo no sudoeste da espanha]

An important drawback in adopting minimum tillage (MT) and notillage (NT) techniques is the frequently observed weed shift promoting adapted species and achieving poorer weed control. These changes can be detected best with long-term experiments, and results might differ depending on soil characteristics and the local flora. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effect of reduced tillage on weed seed distribution in the soil profile and to identify possible consequences on weed diversity on a long-term experiment maintained during 24 years in Seville (Spain) with three tillage systems: NT, MT and conventional tillage (CT) including moldboard plow on a vertisol. For this purpose, soil seedbanks at 0-8 cm and 8-16 cm depths were enumerated in autumn 2005 and in-field emerged plants in autumn 2005 and winter 2006. Shannon diversity index (H) and evenness (J’) were calculated for seedbank and aboveground weed communities. Total weed seed density was highest for NT and lowest for CT. Some big-seeded species, such as Chrozophora tinctorea L., showed highest seed density in CT. NT increased the relative density of Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson seeds in the seedbank and the abundance of emerged plants of Malva parviflora L., Anagallis arvensis L. and Picris echioides L. Overall, MT led to a less diverse seedbank in the 0-8 cm depth of soil than CT. The frequent drought-induced deep fractures in the expandable clay soil caused natural tillage, which probably resulted in fewer differences in weed seed and seedling densities among tillage treatments compared to what might be expected in other soil types

Influence of iron aggregation on the catalytic performance of desilicated MFI in the DeNO(x) process

[EN] In the present study, an influence of the iron aggregation in conventional and micro-mesoporous MFI on their catalytic activity in the NO reduction with ammonia (DeNO(x) process) was studied. Modification of MFI zeolite properties was done by the desilication in the presence of NaOH and TPAOH (tertapropylammonium hydroxide). In the next step, the samples were modified with iron by ion-exchange with the use of a conventional solution of Fe cations (FeSO4) and a solution of iron triple-metallic aggregates (oligocations) ([Fe-3(OAc)(6)O(H2O)(3)](+)). Both of the applied modification techniques (desilication and modification with Fe-3 oligocations) increased the catalytic activity of the MFI zeolite in the DeNO(x) process. This increased catalytic activity was connected with changes in sample porosity, Si/Al ratio, topology, as well as aggregation and dispersion of iron species on the catalyst surface, which was investigated by N-2-sorption, XRD, ICP, NMR, HRTEM and UV-vis-DRS techniques.This work was carried out in the frame of project No. 0670/IP3/2016/74 from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education in the years 2016-2019 and in the frame of project No. 2012/05/B/ST5/00269 from the National Science Centre (Poland). U. D. acknowledges to the Spanish Government by the funding (MAT2017-82288-C2-1-P).Rutkowska, M.; Borcuch, A.; Marzec, A.; Kowalczyk, A.; Samojeden, B.; Moreno, J.; Díaz Morales, UM.... (2020). Influence of iron aggregation on the catalytic performance of desilicated MFI in the DeNO(x) process. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 304:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.09.015S1830

Selective ammonia oxidation over ZSM-5 zeolite: Impact of catalyst's support porosity and type of deposited iron species

[EN] In the presented studies an influence of different parameters, such as zeolite sample porosity, form of used iron source ([Fe-3(OAc)(6)O(H2O)(3)](+)oligocations or FeSO4 solutions) and method of iron species deposition (ion-exchange, impregnation), on the catalytic activity in the process of the selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3-SCO) was studied. Conventional and mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites, obtained by desilication and modified with iron species, were analysed with respect to their textural, surface and crystalline properties (N-2-sorption, HRTEM, SEM, XRD) as well as the form of introduced Fe species (UV-vis-DRS). Ion-exchange with [Fe-3(OAc)(6)O (H2O)(3)](+) oligocations and impregnation with these oligocations and FeSO4 solutions were found as the most effective methods of the zeolite samples activation for NH3-SCO.This work was carried out in the frame of project No. 0670/IP3/2016/74 from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education in the years 2016-2019. Part of the work was performed in the frame of project No. 2012/05/B/ST5/00269from the National Science Centre (Poland). U. D. acknowledges to the Spanish Government by the funding (MAT2017-82288-C2-1-P). The authors would like to acknowledge to Clariant Company for the providing of the HMFI zeolite material for the presented research.Borcuch, A.; Rutkowska, M.; Marzec, A.; Kowalczyk, A.; Michalik, M.; Moreno, J.; Díaz Morales, UM.... (2020). Selective ammonia oxidation over ZSM-5 zeolite: Impact of catalyst's support porosity and type of deposited iron species. Catalysis Today. 348:223-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2019.08.054S223229348Weckhuysen, B. M., & Yu, J. (2015). Recent advances in zeolite chemistry and catalysis. Chemical Society Reviews, 44(20), 7022-7024. doi:10.1039/c5cs90100fVerboekend, D., & Pérez-Ramírez, J. (2011). Design of hierarchical zeolite catalysts by desilication. Catalysis Science & Technology, 1(6), 879. doi:10.1039/c1cy00150gRutkowska, M., Pacia, I., Basąg, S., Kowalczyk, A., Piwowarska, Z., Duda, M., … Chmielarz, L. (2017). Catalytic performance of commercial Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite modified by desilication in NH 3 -SCR and NH 3 -SCO processes. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 246, 193-206. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.03.017Góra-Marek, K., Brylewska, K., Tarach, K. A., Rutkowska, M., Jabłońska, M., Choi, M., & Chmielarz, L. (2015). IR studies of Fe modified ZSM-5 zeolites of diverse mesopore topologies in the terms of their catalytic performance in NH3-SCR and NH3-SCO processes. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 179, 589-598. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.05.053Macina, D., Piwowarska, Z., Góra-Marek, K., Tarach, K., Rutkowska, M., Girman, V., … Chmielarz, L. (2016). SBA-15 loaded with iron by various methods as catalyst for DeNOx process. Materials Research Bulletin, 78, 72-82. doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2016.02.026Rutkowska, M., Duda, M., Macina, D., Górecka, S., Dębek, R., Moreno, J. M., … Chmielarz, L. (2019). Mesoporous Beta zeolite functionalisation with FexCry oligocations; catalytic activity in the NH3SCO process. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 278, 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.11.003Miller, J. T., Glusker, E., Peddi, R., Zheng, T., & Regalbuto, J. R. (1998). Catalysis Letters, 51(1/2), 15-22. doi:10.1023/a:1019072631175Kowalczyk, A., Borcuch, A., Michalik, M., Rutkowska, M., Gil, B., Sojka, Z., … Chmielarz, L. (2017). MCM-41 modified with transition metals by template ion-exchange method as catalysts for selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 240, 9-21. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.11.002Chmielarz, L., & Jabłońska, M. (2015). Advances in selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen: a review. RSC Advances, 5(54), 43408-43431. doi:10.1039/c5ra03218kThommes, M., Kaneko, K., Neimark, A. V., Olivier, J. P., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Rouquerol, J., & Sing, K. S. W. (2015). Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 87(9-10), 1051-1069. doi:10.1515/pac-2014-1117Qi, G., & Yang, R. T. (2005). Selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) of ammonia to nitrogen over Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 287(1), 25-33. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2005.03.00

Effect of single layer centrifugation using Androcoll-E-Large on the sperm quality parameters of cooled-stored donkey semen doses

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of single layer centrifugation (SLC) using Androcoll-E-Large on donkey sperm quality parameters after 24 h of cool-storage. Ejaculates were collected from Andalusian donkeys and then cooled at 5°C. SLC was carried out after 24 h of cool-storage using Androcoll-E-Large. In the first experiment, all sperm parameters assessed (total and progressive sperm motility, viability, sperm morphology and sperm kinematics VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR, WOB, ALH and BCF) were statistically compared between semen samples processed or not with Androcoll-E-Large. Significant differences ( P<0.05) were found between SLC-selected and unselected semen samples for all parameters assessed, obtaining better results after SLC. In the second experiment, semen samples were classified in two groups according to their sperm progressive motility (PM) before SLC. Then, the increments obtained in semen quality parameters after SLC were compared between groups. No significant differences were found between groups, indicating that SLC improved the sperm quality parameters of entire set of semen samples processed with independence to their original PM. In conclusion, SLC with Androcoll-E-Large can be used in donkeys, increasing the sperm quality of cooled-stored donkey semen doses after 24 h of cool storag

Depuración de aguas residuales urbanas y concentración de metales en fangos digeridos

[ES] La progresiva implantación de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas ha ido estableciendo una experiencia en el conocimiento de la eficacia de tratamiento de los diversos parámetros en plazos largos de funcionamiento. El análisis y comparación de resultados y tecnologías debe pennitir conocer las características de fiabilidad en la operación y el comportamiento frente a los diversos aspectos de la nonnativa legal. Además, el análisis en diferentes épocas del año puede producir distintos resultados o conclusiones. En este trabajo se ha tomado para el análisis una planta de tratamiento convencional, estudiando inicialmente los porcentajes medios de eliminación de diferentes parámetros, en relación asimismo con las necesidades que debe satisfacer. En condiciones de alta carga orgánica, la concentración de nitrógeno y algún tóxico especial parecen plantear las mayores dificultades. Se ha deseado focalizar la atención en el proceso de concentración de metales que se. produce en las plantas con tratamiento anaerobío de fangos. Por este motivo se Uevó a cabo un estudio de la evolución de metales en la depuración y la concentración de fangos digeridos. El fenómeno resulta de interés para analizar la calidad de las aguas que se obtienen, aunque debe considerarse también la concentración de metales en el destino final que se dé a los fangos tratados.[EN] Progressive introduction 01 town sewage purifying stations has been and advance in determining treatment effectiveness 01 several parameters on a longterm operation basis. Analysis and Comparison 01 results and technologies must result into identifying operational reliability leatures and behaviour concerning severallegal regulation aspects. Besides, analysis in different seasons may lead to different results or conclusions. This survey has lound eligible lor analysis a conventional treatment plant. Original/y, average disposal rates 01 several parameters -related to needs to be met by them·as wel/- have been surveyed. In a high organic load setting, nitrogen concentration and some especial poison seem to leature major problems. It has been surveyed. In a high organic load setting, nitrogen éoncentration and some especial poison seem to leature major problems. It has been in tended to locus attention on metal concentration process in plants subjected to sludge anaerobic treatment. A survey on metal development in purifying and digested sludge concentration Was this performe d. This phenomenon is as interesting as to check quality 01 water obtained, though metal concentration in the end purpose al/ocated to treated sludge must be considered too

Extracellular NK histones promote immune cell anti-tumor activity by inducing cell clusters through binding to CD138 receptor

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are important anti-tumor cells of our innate immune system. Their anti-cancer activity is mediated through interaction of a wide array of activating and inhibitory receptors with their ligands on tumor cells. After activation, NK cells also secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory molecules that contribute to the final immune response by modulating other innate and adaptive immune cells. In this regard, external proteins from NK cell secretome and the mechanisms by which they mediate these responses are poorly defined. Methods: TRANS-stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (TRANS-SILAC) combined with proteomic was undertaken to identify early materials transferred between cord blood-derived NK cells (CB-NK) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Further in vitro and in vivo studies with knock-down of histones and CD138, overexpression of histones and addition of exogenous histones were undertaken to confirm TRANS-SILAC results and to determine functional roles of this material transferred. Results: We describe a novel mechanism by which histones are actively released by NK cells early after contact with MM cells. We show that extracellular histones bind to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan CD138 on the surface of MM cells to promote the creation of immune-tumor cell clusters bringing immune and MM cells into close proximity, and thus facilitating not only NK but also T lymphocyte anti-MM activity. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a novel immunoregulatory role of NK cells against MM cells mediated by histones, and an additional role of NK cells modulating T lymphocytes activity that will open up new avenues to design future immunotherapy clinical strategies

Effects on short term outcome of non-invasive ventilation use in the emergency department to treat patients with acute heart failure: A propensity score-based analysis of the EAHFE Registry

Objective: To assess the effects of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in emergency department (ED) patients with acute heart failure (AHF) on short term outcomes. Methods: Patients from the EAHFE Registry (a multicenter, observational, multipurpose, cohort-designed database including consecutive AHF patients in 41 Spanish EDs) were grouped based on NIV treatment (NIV+ and NIV–groups). Using propensity score (PS) methodology, we identified two subgroups of patients matched by 38 covariates and compared regarding 30-day survival (primary outcome). Interaction was investigated for age, sex, ischemic cardiomyopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AHF precipitated by an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), AHF classified as hypertensive or acute pulmonary edema (APE), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission; mechanical ventilation; in-hospital, 3-day and 7-day mortality; and prolonged hospitalization (>7 days). Results: Of 11, 152 patients from the EAHFE (age (SD): 80 (10) years; 55.5% women), 718 (6.4%) were NIV+ and had a higher 30-day mortality (HR = 2.229; 95%CI = 1.861–2.670) (p 85 years, p < 0.001), AHF associated with ACS (p = 0.045), and SBP < 100 mmHg (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints except for more prolonged hospitalizations in NIV+ patients (OR = 1.445; 95%CI = 1.122–1.862) (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The use of NIV to treat AHF in ED is not associated with improved mortality outcomes and should be cautious in old patients and those with ACS and hypotension