26 research outputs found

    A través del espejo: un viaje dentro del “sí mismo”, de los primates no-humanos a los humanos

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    El estudio del auto-reconocimiento de los primates no-humanos, particularmente simios, ha sido tema de una intensa discusión y controversia. Las tareas de reconocimiento, como son los ejercicios con espejos, con las respectivas  nterpretaciones e implicacionescambiaron la concepción del auto-reconocimiento fuera del “dominio humano”. ¿Se reconocen los primates?, o más profundamente, ¿tienen los primates una concepción de sí mismos?. Estas preguntas todavía están abiertas, y son fundamentales para entrar en el campo cognitivo de todoel orden Primate. En este sentido, se discutirá sobre este tópico principalmente bajo la particular percepción del “sí mismo”1, mientras estudiamos el auto-reconocimiento de los primates nohumanos bajo una concepción bioantropológica, realizada principalmente por primatólogos. Al mismo tiempo, se hace una revisión, en particular de algunos trabajos seleccionados de arqueología cognitiva del Paleolítico Superior. Como normalmente se asume, prácticamente nohay ningún punto en común en los estudios de auto-reconocimiento -particularmente en el caso de los simios- entre y dentro de los subcampos antropológicos. Sin embargo, por este motivo se intenta indagar que existe dentro de esos argumentos y discusiones a fin de llegar a una reflexión sobre los puntos de encuentros y desencuentros sobre el tema. En este sentido, se considera firmemente que es primordial una visión multidisciplinaria de este tipo de tópicos antropológicos fundamentales para llegar a la comprensión de la historia evolutiva de la conducta humana, que en el caso de la conceptualización del auto-reconocimiento, trata el cómo y el por qué nosotros -humanos- buscamos nuestra propia representación

    The ontogeny of the postcranial skeleton in saddle-back tamarins, Leontocebus fuscicollis and callimicos, Callimico goeldii (Callitrichidae, Primates)

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    Ontogenetic studies of callitrichid anatomy are limited to research focused mainly on postcranial skeleton of adults. The goal of this study is to compare the ontogeny of postcranial skeletal development in Goeldi’s monkeys (i.e., callimico; Callimico goeldii) with the corresponding data on saddle-back tamarins (Leontocebus fuscicollis). The intermembral, humerofemoral, brachial, crural, and ulna-radius indices of callimicos and saddle-back tamarins were calculated and compared among different age classes in order to assess the implications for their ecology and behavior. Ontogenetic trajectories, including age at growth cessation, were also calculated. It is shown that for a given hindlimb length, L. fuscicollis has longer forelimbs compared to C. goeldii, maintaining this proportion across all age classes. A relatively elongated forelimb observed in L. fuscicollis may have a mechanical role in reducing the force of impact when landing on large vertical substrates. In contrast, hindlimb length and pattern of hindlimb development (such as derived features of the ankle that enhance stability) in callimicos appear to play a critical role in propulsion during trunk-to-trunk leaping. These differences may affect niche partitioning, foraging strategies, and substrate use

    Postural behavior of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata, A. macconnelli, and A. caraya) during sleep: an assessment across the genus range

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    Sleep is the longest and most continuous behavioral phase in the 24 h cycle of mammals. However, selection of postures, substrates, and tree parts during sleep has not been adequately explored, as well as their evolutionary consequences. The present study investigates postural behavior, substrate, and tree part use during sleep in three howler species (A. palliata, A. macconnelli, and A. caraya) in Nicaragua, French Guiana, and Argentina. All three species were consistent in the use of a crouched ball-like sit-in posture on large, horizontal, unramified, or bifurcated substrates, and in avoiding the periphery of tree crowns. The regularities of these sleeping patterns are very likely functionally associated with protection from potential predators and extreme weather conditions, biomechanical stability, thermoregulation, and enhancement of the digestive process of hard-to-decompose plant material.Fil: Urbani, Bernardo. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas; VenezuelaFil: Youlatos, Dionisios. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; GreciaFil: Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); Argentin

    Explorando al orden primates: la primatología como disciplina bioantropológica

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    ¿Por qué es importante el estudio de la primatología como parte de la antropología biológica? La función de la primatología en la antropología es explorar e investigar los orígenes de los humanos y el origende la naturaleza humana utilizando comparaciones morfológicas y comportamentales con primates vivientes, primates fósiles y los mismos humanos (Rodman, 1999; Silk y Boyd, 2005). De hecho, cuanto más se conoceacerca del comportamiento de los primates, más se comprende que los diferentes comportamientos de alimentación, de desplazamientos y sociales están interrelacionados y posiblemente dependen además dela estructura, composición y estacionalidad de los ambientes donde viven (Kinzey, 1997; Brokman y van Schaik, 2005). Más aún, el estudio de primates no humanos, se basa, además, en la idea de que la selecciónnatural promueve la existencia de organismos similares en ambiente similares; por lo tanto, explorar los patrones diversos de comportamiento y morfología de los primates en relación con el ambiente donde viven,puede ayudarnos a comprender cómo posiblemente la evolución modeló adaptaciones en respuesta a diferentes presiones selectivas.Fil: Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Urbani, Bernardo. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas; VenezuelaFil: Tejedor, Marcelo Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Oklander, Luciana Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

    Mitigating losses: how scientific organisations can help address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early-career researchers

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    Scientific collaborations among nations to address common problems and to build international partnerships as part of science diplomacy is a well-established notion. The international flow of people and ideas has played an important role in the advancement of the ‘Sciences’ and the current pandemic scenario has drawn attention towards the genuine need for a stronger role of science diplomacy, science advice and science communication. In dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, visible interactions across science, policy, science communication to the public and diplomacy worldwide have promptly emerged. These interactions have benefited primarily the disciplines of knowledge that are directly informing the pandemic response, while other scientific fields have been relegated. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientists of all disciplines and from all world regions are discussed here, with a focus on early-career researchers (ECRs), as a vulnerable population in the research system. Young academies and ECR-driven organisations could suggest ECR-powered solutions and actions that could have the potential to mitigate these effects on ECRs working on disciplines not related to the pandemic response. In relation with governments and other scientific organisations, they can have an impact on strengthening and creating fairer scientific systems for ECRs at the national, regional, and global level

    Mitigating losses: how scientific organisations can help address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early-career researchers.

    Get PDF
    Scientific collaborations among nations to address common problems and to build international partnerships as part of science diplomacy is a well-established notion. The international flow of people and ideas has played an important role in the advancement of the 'Sciences' and the current pandemic scenario has drawn attention towards the genuine need for a stronger role of science diplomacy, science advice and science communication. In dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, visible interactions across science, policy, science communication to the public and diplomacy worldwide have promptly emerged. These interactions have benefited primarily the disciplines of knowledge that are directly informing the pandemic response, while other scientific fields have been relegated. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientists of all disciplines and from all world regions are discussed here, with a focus on early-career researchers (ECRs), as a vulnerable population in the research system. Young academies and ECR-driven organisations could suggest ECR-powered solutions and actions that could have the potential to mitigate these effects on ECRs working on disciplines not related to the pandemic response. In relation with governments and other scientific organisations, they can have an impact on strengthening and creating fairer scientific systems for ECRs at the national, regional, and global level

    Historia de la primatología en Venezuela, Parte 1: Siglos XV y XVI

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    Este ensayo proporciona información sobre las relaciones que tratan sobre primates venezolanos en los siglos XV y XVI. La información se contextualiza dependiendo de cada época. Se incluye la primera mención de un primate –y mamífero–, en tierras continentales americanas y venezolanas. Igualmente, se proporcionan ilustraciones tempranas de primates de Venezuela. En las relaciones, se destacan las primigenias descripciones del comportamiento y aspectos de la historia natural de los primates del país, así como de su abundancia y nombres locales. Los monos reportados son, en la medida de lo posible, identificados utilizando la taxonomía actual.The history of Primatology in Venezuela, Part 1: XV and XVI centuriesAbstract. This essay provides information on the historical accounts about Venezuelan primates recorded during the XV and XVI centuries. This information is contextualized for each age. Itincludes the first report of a primate –and mammal-, in the American and Venezuelan terra firme. In addition, the earliest illustrations of Venezuelan primates are provided. The chronicles offer the earliest descriptions on the behavior and natural history of primates from Venezuela, as well as data on abundance and local names. The monkeys mentioned in the historical documents are, whenever possible, identified using current taxonomy.&nbsp

    The Seven Secluded Monkeys of Conrad Gessner

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