Investigation of various metamaterial structures using multilevel fast multipole algorithm

We consider accurate simulations of metamaterial (MM) structures consisting of split- ring-resonators (SRRs) and thin wires (TWs). We employ electric-field integral equation (EFIE) to formulate the scattering problems involving these complicated structures. Accurate modelling of MMs translates into very large computational problems, which can be solved with the aid of advanced acceleration techniques, such as the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). We investigate various multilayer structures of SRRs as well as composite metamaterials (CMMs) constructed by the arrangements of SRR and TW arrays. In addition, we consider various disordering scenarios, where the unit cells are not placed perfectly and they are misaligned. This way, we investigate the electromagnetic properties of MMs when the arrays are defected. In this paper, we briefly report the accurate solutions of various real-life MM problems and present power transmission properties of these important structures

Classification of raisin grains variety using some machine learning methods

One of the agricultural crops with considerable nutritional and financial worth is raisins. Every year, the world produces and consumes millions of tons of raisins. In this work, machine learning was used to categorize two different raisin kinds that are grown in our nation. Machine learning techniques Decision Trees and Random Forest were used to classify the 2-class data set with 7 different attributes that were acquired as a ready-made data set. With 020 Random Forest and Decision Trees, classification accuracy was 85.44% and 85.22%, respectively, in the analyses that were conducted

Trifurcation of the left common carotid artery

BACKGROUND: Trifurcation of the common carotid artery is an unusual variation. CASE REPORT: We report a case of left common carotid artery trifurcation in a 74-year-old man. The left common carotid artery divided into the internal carotid, external carotid and facial arteries. Herein, the anatomy of the carotid arteries and the Doppler sonography and CT angiography findings of the left common carotid artery trifurcation were described with images. CONCLUSIONS: The variations of the carotid arteries should be known to avoid and reduce the complications during the invasive procedures

Childhood sarcoidosis in the middle Anatolia of Turkey

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to describe the clinical and radiological features, diagnostic methods, laboratory findings, organ involvement, and treatment strategies of 22 patients who followed up with late-onset childhood sarcoidosis and compare them with the literature. Material and Method: This retrospective multicenter study reviewed the medical records of 22 children with sarcoidosis who applied to the Pediatric pulmonology department of Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine and Necmettin Erbakan Faculty of Medicine in 2012 and 2022. Results: The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 13.1/year (interquartile range [IQR]1:6.3-[IQR]3:15.7). The most common first presenting symptom was cough 40.9% (n = 9), weight loss 31.8% (n = 7), and dyspnea 22.7% (n = 5). There were elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; 59%), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; 54.5%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; 54.5%), and immunoglobulin G (IgG; 54.5%). Twenty patients (90%) received systemic steroid treatment. Eighteen (81.8%) of these patients responded positively to treatment. Two patients had a recurrence. Conclusion: The incidence of sarcoidosis in children in Turkey is currently unknown. However, a regional average of 2.2 cases per year has been documented for the first time. Contrary to previous studies, a significant prevalence of consanguineous marriage was observed in our study. While constitutional symptoms were most common in other studies, the cough was the most common symptom in our study. To our knowledge, this is one of the Turkish studies with the highest number of sarcoidosis in children and one of the few European studies on sarcoidosis in children

Diagnostic value of diffusion weighted MRI and ADC in differential diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma of the liver

Aims: To investigate the use of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the diagnosis of hemangioma. Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 72 patients with liver masses larger than 1 cm (72 focal lesions). DWI examination with a b value of 600 s/mm2 was carried out for all patients. After DWI examination, an ADC map was created and ADC values were measured for 72 liver masses and normal liver tissue (control group). The average ADC values of normal liver tissue and focal liver lesions, the “cut-off ” ADC values, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the ADC map in diagnosing hemangioma, benign and malignant lesions were researched. Results: Of the 72 liver masses, 51 were benign and 21 were malignant. Benign lesions comprised 38 hemangiomas and 13 simple cysts. Malignant lesions comprised 9 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 12 metastases. The highest ADC values were measured for cysts (3.782±0.53×10-3 mm2/s) and hemangiomas (2.705±0.63×10-3 mm2/s). The average ADC value of hemangiomas was significantly higher than malignant lesions and the normal control group (p<0.001). The average ADC value of cysts were significantly higher when compared to hemangiomas and normal control group (p<0.001). To distinguish hemangiomas from malignant liver lesions, the “cut-off ” ADC value of 1.800×10-3 mm2/s had a sensitivity of 97.4% and a specificity of 90.9%. To distinguish hemangioma from normal liver parenchyma the “cut-off ” value of 1.858×10-3 mm2/s had a sensitivity of 97.4% and a specificity of 95.7%. To distinguish benign liver lesions from malignant liver lesions the “cut-off ” value of 1.800×10-3 mm2/s had a sensitivity of 96.1% and a specificity of 90.0%. Conclusion: DWI and quantitative measurement of ADC values can be used in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liver lesions and also in the diagnosis and differentiation of hemangiomas. When dynamic examination cannot distinguish cases with vascular metastasis and lesions from hemangioma, DWI and ADC values can be useful in the primary diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The technique does not require contrast material, so it can safely be used in patients with renal failure. © 2016, Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved

Diagnostic value of diffusion weighted MRI and ADC in differential diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma of the liver.

WOS: 000378847700030PubMed: 27358636Aims: To investigate the use of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the diagnosis of hemangioma. Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 72 patients with liver masses larger than 1 cm (72 focal lesions). DWI examination with a b value of 600 s/mm(2) was carried out for all patients. After DWI examination, an ADC map was created and ADC values were measured for 72 liver masses and normal liver tissue (control group). The average ADC values of normal liver tissue and focal liver lesions, the "cut-off " ADC values, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the ADC map in diagnosing hemangioma, benign and malignant lesions were researched. Results: Of the 72 liver masses, 51 were benign and 21 were malignant. Benign lesions comprised 38 hemangiomas and 13 simple cysts. Malignant lesions comprised 9 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 12 metastases. The highest ADC values were measured for cysts (3.782 +/- 0.53x10(-3) mm(2)/s) and hemangiomas (2.705 +/- 0.63x10(-3) mm(2)/s). The average ADC value of hemangiomas was significantly higher than malignant lesions and the normal control group (p<0.001). The average ADC value of cysts were significantly higher when compared to hemangiomas and normal control group (p<0.001). To distinguish hemangiomas from malignant liver lesions, the "cut-off " ADC value of 1.800x10-3 mm(2)/s had a sensitivity of 97.4% and a specificity of 90.9%. To distinguish hemangioma from normal liver parenchyma the " cut-off " value of 1.858x10(-3) mm(2)/s had a sensitivity of 97.4% and a specificity of 95.7%. To distinguish benign liver lesions from malignant liver lesions the " cut-off " value of 1.800x10-(3) mm(2)/s had a sensitivity of 96.1% and a specificity of 90.0%. Conclusion: DWI and quantitative measurement of ADC values can be used in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liver lesions and also in the diagnosis and differentiation of hemangiomas. When dynamic examination cannot distinguish cases with vascular metastasis and lesions from hemangioma, DWI and ADC values can be useful in the primary diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The technique does not require contrast material, so it can safely be used in patients with renal failur

Effect of Vitamin D Treatment on Glycemic Control, Diastolic Functions, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

WOS: 000473267000005Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 25(OH)D3 levels on glycemic control, diastolic functions, and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: Patients admitted to the endocrinology department, with the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were under follow-up for at least six months and also had 25(OH)D3 deficiency [25(OH)D3 levels <20 ng/mL] were included in this study. D3 supplement (50.000 IU) was administered to the patients every month up to six months. Carotid intima-media thickness was measured using the B-mode ultrasonography. Diastolic function was evaluated using the tissue doppler imaging by measuring tissue e wave/tissue a wave (e'/a') and annular E wave/tissue e wave (E/e') ratios. All the evaluations were made at baseline and at six months after vitamin D3 supplementation. Results: A total of 45 (27 females, 18 males; mean age: 56.2 +/- 7.8 years) patients were included in this study. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.5 +/- 6.8 (ranging from 7.0 to 9.0 years) years. It was found that even after D3 supplementation, fasting plasma glucose and Hemoglobin A1C levels did not change, yet, the carotid intimamedia thickness reduced (788 +/- 100 mu m vs. 745 +/- 116.8 mu m; p=0.009). Diastolic function parameters e'/a' (0.79 +/- 0.21 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.26; p=0.03) and E/e' (7.27 +/- 1.81 vs. 6.52 +/- 1.65; p=0.048) also improved significantly after the therapy. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation, in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, who are also having vitamin D deficiency, seems to be beneficial in reducing the thickness of carotid intima-media, which is a well-known cardiovascular risk predictor, and in improving diastolic functions by vitamin D repletion. Further prospective well-designed studies with a larger patient population are needed to lead a firm conclusion in this regard