Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias Summit 2022: National Research Priorities for the Investigation of Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias (AD/ADRD) and otherwise classified post-traumatic neurodegeneration (PTND). Targeted research is needed to elucidate the circumstances and mechanisms through which TBI contributes to the initiation, development, and progression of AD/ADRD pathologies including multiple etiology dementia (MED). The National Institutes of Health hosts triennial ADRD summits to inform a national research agenda, and TBI was included for a second time in 2022. A multidisciplinary expert panel of TBI and dementia researchers was convened to re-evaluate the 2019 research recommendations for understanding TBI as an AD/ADRD risk factor and to assess current progress and research gaps in understanding post-TBI AD/ADRD. Refined and new recommendations were presented during the MED special topic session at the virtual ADRD Summit in March 2022. Final research recommendations incorporating broad stakeholder input are organized into four priority areas as follows: (1) Promote interdisciplinary collaboration and data harmonization to accelerate progress of rigorous, clinically meaningful research; (2) Characterize clinical and biological phenotypes of PTND associated with varied lifetime TBI histories in diverse populations to validate multimodal biomarkers; (3) Establish and enrich infrastructure to support multimodal longitudinal studies of individuals with varied TBI exposure histories and standardized methods including common data elements (CDEs) for ante-mortem and post-mortem clinical and neuropathological characterization; and (4) Support basic and translational research to elucidate mechanistic pathways, development, progression, and clinical manifestations of post-TBI AD/ADRDs. Recommendations conceptualize TBI as a contributor to MED and emphasize the unique opportunity to study AD/ADRD following known exposure, to inform disease mechanisms and treatment targets for shared common AD/ADRD pathways

CHALLENGES OF ELECTRONIC WASTE IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY PLANNING

End-of-life electronics, otherwise known as e-waste, have steadily become a visible threat to the environment with the electronic industry fast becoming the world’s largest manufacturing industry and also, arguably, the industry with the shortest life span products, it is essential that the method of disposing of the resultant e-waste has become an integral part of electronic manufacture and consumption. This study seeks to examine the challenges of electronic waste in Nigeria. The study revealed that even though health hazards are associated with the interaction with e-waste, it is evident that stakeholders in the informal management of e-waste were willing to continue in trade due to the economic benefits it offers. Though there is provision for management of hazardous waste in the national policy guidelines as well as regulations set by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency for the importation of electronic The lack of effective management systems and implementation creates a loophole for the presence of e-waste in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that the creation of a worldwide information sharing system for hazardous chemicals in EEE and WEEE that takes into account the whole supply chain and the promotion of labelling systems to notify users of product dangers, the necessity for recycling, and the mechanisms in place for safe disposal