Ta till vara, utveckla och förnya miljonprogrammets bostadsgårdar

Miljonprogrammet är känt som den största statliga satsningen på bostäder i Sveriges historia. Snart är det 50 år sedan projektet genomfördes, idag är många av miljonprogrammets bostadsområden i behov av upprustning och debatten är mer aktuell än någonsin. Ska bostadsområdena av miljonprogrammet avvecklas eller utvecklas? I denna uppsats redogörs vilka förutsättningar det finns för att ta till vara, utveckla och förnya miljonprogrammets bostadsgårdar. Genom en fallstudie i Kristianstads kommun har problem och lösningar som rör funktioner och den fysiska utemiljön identifierats på bostadsgårdar i områdena Charlottesborg, Gamlegården och Österäng. Uppsatsen visar att det finns olika idéer om hur denna förnyelse ska gå till, en del förespråkar en mycket varsam utveckling medan andra förordar ett betydligt radikalare tillvägagångssätt.The Million Programme is known as the most ambitious housing investment by the government in the history of Sweden. Today nearly fifty years have passed since the project was completed. Many residential areas built during the Million Programme are today currently in need of reparation and the debate about the areas future formation is more relevant than ever. Should these residential areas be removed or developed? This paper outlines the conditions to preserve, develop and renew the residential yards of the Million Programme. Through a case study in the neighborhoods Charlottesborg, Gamlegården and Österäng in the municipality of Kristianstad, problems and solutions about functions and outdoor environment have been identified. The paper presents different ideas about how the renewal should be executed; some which advocate a very careful development and others which ordain a far more radical approach

Gårdsutveckling för att främja det sociala livet

Mellan åren 1965-1974 pågick den största statliga satsningen på bostäder i Sveriges historia, som senare kom att kallas för miljonprogrammet. På mindre än tio år byggdes över en miljon bostäder, än i dag bor en fjärdedel av Sveriges befolkning i områden byggda efter miljonprogrammets ideal. I denna uppsats Gårdsutveckling för att främja det sociala livet redogörs på vilka sätt gårdsutveckling kan främja det sociala livet på bostadsgårdar. Resultatet är platsspecifikt för miljonprogramsområdet Charlottesborg i Kristianstads kommun, genom en fallstudie har det undersökts hur bostadsgårdar kan utformas för att locka till möten och social aktivitet samt vad de boende själva efterfrågar. Tanken är att uppsatsen kan inspirera till hur gårdsutveckling kan främja socialt liv även i andra bostadsområden av miljonprogrammet. Den gemensamma utemiljön är en viktig del i människors vardag, för en del är det en plats för gemenskap, aktiviteter och rekreation medan andra endast passerar gården på vägen till något annat, vad beror det på? I litteraturstudien framgick att det finns många faktorer som kan inverka på det sociala livet såsom: miljonprogrammet i sig och idealet det byggdes efter, fysiska avstånd mellan människor, hur lika vi är våra grannar, sociala strukturer i samhället samt tillit och trygghet. Villkor för utomhusaktivitet; som väderlek, tillgänglighet, form och innehåll samt möjlighet till olika typer av aktiviteter och användningsområden påverkar också hur mycket tid de boende spenderar utomhus. Uppsatsen visar att det finns ett tydligt samband mellan det fysiska rummet och det sociala livet som förekommer där. En attraktiv bostadsnära utemiljö som skapar möjligheter att mötas gynnar även den sociala tilliten, tryggheten och gemenskapen i kvarteret i stort. Möjligen är lösningen att skapa flexibilitet och valmöjligheter för de boende snarare än att förutbestämma sociala mönster.The Million Programme is the common name for the most ambitious housing investment project made by the Swedish government. In less than ten years between 1965 and 1974, over one million residences were built. To this day, a quarter of the Swedish population lives in these areas built with modernist ideals. This paper, Development of residential yards to promote social life, shows how the development of residential yards can promote social life. The study is site specific to the Million Programme residential area of Charlottesborg in the municipality of Kristianstad, but the anticipated result is that the paper can inspire how to develop residential yards to promote social life in Charlottesborg as well as in other neighborhoods. Through a case study, it has been investigated how residential yards can be designed to attract social gathering activities between neighbors. The study has outlined that there are numerous factors that can affect social life: the Million Programme itself and the ideals it was built after, physical distance between people, how similar we are to our neighbors, social structures in society as well as trust and the feeling of safety. The conditions of outdoor activities, for example weather, accessibility, the opportunity of various forms of activities, form and content, are all contributing factors affecting the amount of time residents are spending outside. This paper shows that there is a distinct connection between the physical space and the social life that exists there. If the physical quality improves, so do the conditions for strengthening all forms of social activity and interaction. An attractive outdoor environment that creates opportunities to meet also contributes to the feeling of safety and social trust in the community. Perhaps the best solution is to create flexibility and diversity, rather than predetermine social patterns

A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law

"This volume is an indispensable resource for scholars and students of medieval Scandinavia. This polyglot dictionary draws on the vast and vibrant range of vernacular legal terminology found in medieval Scandinavian texts – terminology which yields valuable insights into the quotidian realities of crime and retribution; the processes, application and execution of laws; and the cultural and societal concerns underlying the development and promulgation of such laws. Legal texts constitute an unparalleled – and often untapped – source of information for those studying the literature, languages and history of medieval and Viking Age Scandinavia. The Lexicon is a welcome contribution to the study of medieval Scandinavia on two counts: firstly, it makes accessible a wealth of vernacular historical documents for an English-speaking audience. Secondly, it presents legal terminologies that span the languages and geographies of medieval Scandinavia, drawing on twenty-five legal texts composed in Old Swedish, Old Icelandic, Old Norwegian, Old Danish, Old Gutnish and Old Faroese. By collating and juxtaposing legal terms, the Lexicon thus offers its readers a fascinating, comprehensive window into the legal milieu of medieval Scandinavia as a unified whole. It is in this respect that A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law differs from the other major lexica that came before it: where relevant, it gathers closely related terms from multiple Nordic languages beneath single headwords within single entries. This approach illuminates the differences (and similarities) in usage of specific lexical items and legal concepts across geographic areas and through time. This dictionary contains over 6000 Nordic headwords, and is laid out as a standard reference work. It is easily navigable, with a clear structure to each entry, providing English equivalents; textual references; phrases in which headwords frequently appear; cross-references to aid readers in locating synonyms or cognate terms within the lexicon; and references to published works. Roughly one quarter of the headwords supply semantic analysis and detailed information on the textual and historical contexts within which a term might appear, which help the reader to engage with the broader legal concepts underlying specific terms. The Lexicon is thus designed to provide its readers not only with succinct single definitions of Norse legal terms, but with a sense of the wider Scandinavian legal landscape and worldview within which these concepts were developed.

Activated Transcription of the Human Neuropeptide Y Gene in Differentiating SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells Is Dependent on Transcription Factors AP-1, AP-2Α, and NGFI

Activated transcription of the human neuropeptide Y gene ( NPY ) was investigated in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at the onset of sympathetic neuronal differentiation induced by 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and serum or by nerve growth factor (NGF). As determined by transient expression, two NGF response elements (REs) were required for transcription induced by NGF in SH-SY5Y cells with stable expression of an exogenous NGF receptor TRK-A gene (SH-SY5Y/trk). TPA treatment in the presence of serum induced NPY transcription in both wild-type SH-SY5Y (SH-SY5Y/wt) and SH-SY5Y/trk cells. A TPA RE (TRE), overlapping the proximal NGF RE, was identified by expression of the v-Jun oncoprotein that enhanced NPY transcription. Suppression of TPA-induced NPY transcription was obtained by expression of a dominant negative Jun protein, selective protein kinase C inhibition, or introduction of a mutated TRE, whereas NGF-induced NPY transcription was inhibited to a lesser degree. The transcription factor AP-2Α was shown to bind cooperatively to the NPY promoter with either AP-1 or NGFI-A to the shared TRE and NGF RE and to the distal NGF RE, respectively. These results show that transcription factors AP-1, AP-2Α, and NGFI-A are involved in activated NPY transcription during the onset of neuronal differentiation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65864/1/j.1471-4159.1998.70051887.x.pd

Green tea powder and Lactobacillus plantarum affect gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and inflammation in high-fat fed C57BL/6J mice

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, ectopic lipid accumulation and low-grade inflammation. A dysfunctional gut microbiota has been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Green tea is rich in polyphenols and has previously been shown to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Lactobacillus plantarum has the ability to metabolize phenolic acids. The health promoting effect of whole green tea powder as a prebiotic compound has not been thoroughly investigated previously. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without a supplement of 4% green tea powder (GT), and offered drinking water supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 (Lp) or the combination of both (Lp + GT) for 22 weeks. Parameters related to obesity, glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis and inflammation were examined. Small intestinal tissue and caecal content were collected for bacterial analysis. RESULTS: Mice in the Lp + GT group had significantly more Lactobacillus and higher diversity of bacteria in the intestine compared to both mice in the control and the GT group. Green tea strongly reduced the body fat content and hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation. The reduction was negatively correlated to the amount of Akkermansia and/or the total amount of bacteria in the small intestine. Markers of inflammation were reduced in the Lp + GT group compared to control. PLS analysis of correlations between the microbiota and the metabolic variables of the individual mice showed that relatively few components of the microbiota had high impact on the correlation model. CONCLUSIONS: Green tea powder in combination with a single strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was able to promote growth of Lactobacillus in the intestine and to attenuate high fat diet-induced inflammation. In addition, a component of the microbiota, Akkermansia, correlated negatively with several metabolic parameters known to be risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes

Exit of pediatric pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood is not associated with cell maturation or alterations in gene expression

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Childhood pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a bone marrow (BM) derived disease, which often disseminates out of the BM cavity, where malignant cells to a variable degree can be found circulating in the peripheral blood (PB). Normal pre-B cells are absolutely dependent on BM stroma for survival and differentiation. It is not known whether transformed pre-B ALL cells retain any of this dependence, which possibly could impact on drug sensitivity or MRD measurements.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Pre-B ALL cells, highly purified by a novel method using surface expression of CD19 and immunoglobulin light chains, from BM and PB show a very high degree of similarity in gene expression patterns, with differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a notable exception. In addition, the cell sorting procedure revealed that in 2 out of five investigated patients, a significant fraction of the malignant cells had matured beyond the pre-B cell stage.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The transition of ALL cells from the BM into the circulation does not demand, or result in, major changes of gene expression pattern. This might indicate an independence of BM stroma on the part of transformed pre-B cells, which contrasts with that of their normal counterparts.</p

The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions for cancer symptom management 2000-2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Evidence for effectiveness of nurse-led interventions for cancer-related symptoms is of variable quality. This study aimed to identify, appraise and evaluate the nature and effectiveness of nurse-led interventions on symptoms for people with cancer. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ten major databases were searched (2000 to 2018, no language restrictions). Two reviewers applied a priori selection criteria; data extraction included design, population, cancer type, and cancer-related symptoms. Interventions and providers were profiled using TIDieR reporting guidelines, and content analysis of components. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias. A meta-analysis was performed using mean and standardised mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Overall certainty was assessed using GRADE. Results From 29193 records, 149 studies (n = 107286 participants) from 22 countries were eligible. Interventions included multiple components; education and psychological approaches dominated. Pooled meta-analyses found evidence of benefit for nurse-led interventions on measures of constipation (MD −4.54, 95% CI −8.08 to −0.99; 645 participants; 6 trials; I2 = 0%; P = 0.01); nausea and vomiting (MD −1.97, 95% CI −3.61 to −0.33; 957 participants; 8 trials; I 2 = 12%; P = 0.02) and fatigue (MD −4.63, 95% CI −7.97 to −1.30; 1208 participants; 11 trials; I2 = 34%; P = 0.007). Psychological morbidity (anxiety, depression, mood) also improved. However, few trials used consistent outcome measures, interventions were poorly defined, and certainty of evidence was low or very low. Conclusion Nurse-led interventions improve specific cancer-related symptoms, including psychological morbidity. Enhanced reporting and collaboration to develop a minimum core dataset would strengthen the quality of evidence

Интернет в жизни белорусских и норвежских студентов

Материалы X Международной научной конференции

DNA Methylation Signatures Predict Cytogenetic Subtype and Outcome in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease composed of clinically relevant subtypes defined by recurrent cytogenetic aberrations. The majority of the aberrations used in risk grouping for treatment decisions are extensively studied, but still a large proportion of pediatric AML patients remain cytogenetically undefined and would therefore benefit from additional molecular investigation. As aberrant epigenetic regulation has been widely observed during leukemogenesis, we hypothesized that DNA methylation signatures could be used to predict molecular subtypes and identify signatures with prognostic impact in AML. To study genome-wide DNA methylation, we analyzed 123 diagnostic and 19 relapse AML samples on Illumina 450k DNA methylation arrays. We designed and validated DNA methylation-based classifiers for AML cytogenetic subtype, resulting in an overall test accuracy of 91%. Furthermore, we identified methylation signatures associated with outcome in t(8;21)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1, normal karyotype, and MLL/KMT2A-rearranged subgroups (p < 0.01). Overall, these results further underscore the clinical value of DNA methylation analysis in AML