Аналіз споживання антагоністів Н2-гістамінових рецепторів в Україні та країнах Європи

H2-receptor antagonists are one of the main antisecretory drugs and have certain advantages in the treatment of the acid related diseases.Aim. To assess the consumption of H2-receptor antagonists in Ukraine and European countries in 2015-2017.Materials and methods. Data from the “Pharmexplorer” information system by Morion company were used to analyze the assortment and the consumption volumes of H2-receptor antagonists in Ukraine. The assessment of the volume, structure and dynamics of the drug consumption of this group in Ukraine was conducted based on the number of the defined daily doses (DDD) of drugs consumed using the ATC / DDD methodology, as well as by the number of the drug packs sold. The level of the drug consumption of H2-receptor antagonists by the indicator “DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day” in the countries of Europe was determined by the statistical data of these countries.Results. In 2015-2017, H2-receptor antagonists were presented in Ukraine in the number of 2 international non-patented names, 26-29 trade names (TN), and they had rather wide range of prices pre a pack. The tendency to decrease in the number of their TN was observed from 2015 to 2017. The consumption of H2-receptor antagonists by the number of the packs sold and the number of DDDs consumed increased in Ukraine over the period under study. Ranitidine took leading positions by these indicators of consumption. Ukraine was ranked second among the European countries (Norway, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) by the level of consumption of H2-receptor antagonists by the indicator “DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day”. Ranitidine was the leader in consumption in all countries studied.Conclusions. The consumption volume of H2-receptor antagonists by the number of the packs sold and the number of DDDs consumed increased in Ukraine in 2015-2017. The level of the drug consumption of this group by the indicator “DDDs / 1000 inhabitants / day” in Ukraine in 2015-2017 did not correspond to the level of consumption of H2-receptor antagonists in European countries.Антагонисты Н2-гистаминовых рецепторов являются одними из основных антисекреторных лекарственных средств и имеют определенные преимущества при лечении кислотозависимых заболеваний.Цель. Оценка потребления антагонистов Н2-гистаминовых рецепторов в 2015-2017 годах в Украине и странах Европы.Материалы и методы. Для анализа ассортимента и объемов потребления антагонистов Н2-гистаминовых рецепторов в Украине использовали данные системы исследования рынка «Pharmexplorer» компании «Морион». Оценку объемов, структуры и динамики потребления препаратов данной группы в Украине проводили по количеству потребленных средних суточных поддерживающих доз (DDD) препаратов с использованием АТС/DDD-методологии и по количеству реализованных упаковок. Уровень потребления антагонистов Н2-гистаминовых рецепторов по показателю «DDDs/1000 жителей /день» в странах Европы определяли по статистическим данным стран.Результаты. Антагонисты Н2-гистаминовых рецепторов были представлены в Украине в 2015-2017 годах в количестве 2 международных непатентованных названий, 26-29 торговых наименований (ТН), имели достаточно широкий диапазон цен за упаковку. С годами наблюдалась тенденция к уменьшению количества их ТН. Объемы потребления антагонистов Н2-гистаминовых рецепторов в Украине по количеству реализованных упаковок и по количеству потребленных DDD с годами увеличились. По указанным показателям потребления ведущие позиции занимал ранитидин. Украина занимала второе место среди стран Европы (Норвегия, Литва, Латвия, Эстония) по уровню потребления антагонистов Н2-гистаминовых рецепторов по показателю «DDDs/1000 жителей /день». Лидер по объемам потребления во всех исследуемых странах – ранитидин.Выводы. Объемы потребления антагонистов Н2-гистаминовых рецепторов в Украине в 2015-2017 годах по количеству реализованных упаковок и по количеству потребленных DDD увеличились. Уровень потребления препаратов данной группы по показателю «DDDs /1000 жителей/день» в Украине в 2015-2017 годах не соответствовал уровню потребления антагонистов Н2-гистаминовых рецепторов в странах Европы.Антагоністи Н2-гістамінових рецепторів є одними з основних антисекреторних лікарських засобів, які мають певні переваги при лікуванні кислотозалежних захворювань. Мета. Оцінка споживання антагоністів Н2-гістамінових рецепторів у 2015-2017 роках в Україні та в країнах Європи.Матеріали та методи. Для аналізу асортименту та обсягів споживання антагоністів Н2-гістамінових рецепторів в Україні використовували дані системи дослідження ринку «Pharmexplorer» компанії «Моріон». Оцінку обсягів, структури та динаміки споживання препаратів даної групи в Україні проводили за кількістю спожитих середніх добових підтримуючих доз (DDD) препаратів з використанням АТС/DDD-методології та за кількістю реалізованих упаковок. Рівень споживання антагоністів Н2-гістамінових рецепторів за показником «DDDs/1000 жителів/день» в країнах Європи визначали за статистичними даними країн.Результати. Антагоністи Н2-гістамінових рецепторів були представлені в Україні у 2015-2017 роках в кількості 2 міжнародних непатентованих назв, 26-29 торгових найменувань (ТН), мали достатньо широкий діапазон цін за упаковку. З роками спостерігалась тенденція до зменшення кількості їх ТН. Обсяги споживання антагоністів Н2-гістамінових рецепторів в Україні за кількістю реалізованих упаковок та за кількістю спожитих DDD з роками збільшились. За зазначеними показниками споживання провідні позиції займав ранітидин. Україна посідала друге місце серед країн Європи (Норвегія, Литва, Латвія, Естонія) за рівнем споживання антагоністів Н2-гістамінових рецепторів за показником «DDDs/1000 жителів/день». Лідер за обсягами споживання в усіх досліджуваних країнах – ранітидин.Висновки. Обсяги споживання антагоністів Н2-гістамінових рецепторів в Україні у 2015-2017 роках за кількістю реалізованих упаковок та за кількістю спожитих DDD збільшились. Рівень споживання препаратів даної групи за показником «DDDs/1000 жителів/день» в Україні у 2015-2017 роках не відповідав рівню споживання антагоністів Н2-гістамінових рецепторів у країнах Європи

Effectiveness of offloading interventions to heal foot ulcers in persons with diabetes: a systematic review

Background Offloading interventions are commonly used in clinical practice to heal foot ulcers. The aim of this updated systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of offloading interventions to heal diabetic foot ulcers. Methods We updated our previous systematic review search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to also include original studies published between July 29, 2014 and August 13, 2018 relating to four offloading intervention categories in populations with diabetic foot ulcers: (a) offloading devices, (b) footwear, (c) other offloading techniques, and (d) surgical offloading techniques. Outcomes included ulcer healing, plantar pressure, ambulatory activity, adherence, adverse events, patient‐reported measures, and cost‐effectiveness. Included controlled studies were assessed for methodological quality and had key data extracted into evidence and risk of bias tables. Included non‐controlled studies were summarised on a narrative basis. Results We identified 41 studies from our updated search for a total of 165 included studies. Six included studies were meta‐analyses, 26 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 13 other controlled studies, and 120 non‐controlled studies. Five meta‐analyses and 12 RCTs provided high‐quality evidence for non‐removable knee‐high offloading devices being more effective than removable offloading devices and therapeutic footwear for healing plantar forefoot and midfoot ulcers. Total contact casts (TCCs) and non‐removable knee‐high walkers were shown to be equally effective. Moderate‐quality evidence exists for removable knee‐high and ankle‐high offloading devices being equally effective in healing, but knee‐high devices have a larger effect on reducing plantar pressure and ambulatory activity. Low‐quality evidence exists for the use of felted foam and surgical offloading to promote healing of plantar forefoot and midfoot ulcers. Very limited evidence exists for the efficacy of any offloading intervention for healing plantar heel ulcers, non‐plantar ulcers, and neuropathic ulcers with infection or ischemia. Conclusion Strong evidence supports the use of non‐removable knee‐high offloading devices (either TCC or non‐removable walker) as the first‐choice offloading intervention for healing plantar neuropathic forefoot and midfoot ulcers. Removable offloading devices, either knee‐high or ankle‐high, are preferred as second choice over other offloading interventions. The evidence bases to support any other offloading intervention is still weak and more high‐quality controlled studies are needed in these areas

Evaluation of External and Internal Threats to Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare of the Population in the Context of Mass Sporting Events

Mass gatherings (MGs) always incur some kind of potential hazard associated with incipiency of emergency situations with sanitary-epidemiological bias (ES). Upcoming Universiade (World Student Games) in Kazan (July, 2013) raises an issue of implementation of a unified system of approaches to the effective provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population, taking due account of peculiarities and specific conditions under which the MG will be conducted. Therewith key objective of this study has been formulated as elaboration of the system based on epidemiological assessment of real and potential threats at the MG. Analyzed have been the data on 37 MGs carried out over the period of 25 years since 1987 up to 2012; investigated is epidemiological situation in 170 participating states. Worked out is a scheme of qualitative determination of potential epidemiological threat on the basis of comprehensive assessment of epidemiological risks in the endemic territories of the troubled regions. Distinguished is a complex of measures for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare when managing the Universiade in Kazan heedful of high potential epidemiological hazard of this event

Asteroseismology of the Beta Cephei star 12 (DD) Lacertae: photometric observations, pulsational frequency analysis and mode identification

We report a multisite photometric campaign for the Beta Cephei star 12 Lacertae. 750 hours of high-quality differential photoelectric Stromgren, Johnson and Geneva time-series photometry were obtained with 9 telescopes during 190 nights. Our frequency analysis results in the detection of 23 sinusoidal signals in the light curves. Eleven of those correspond to independent pulsation modes, and the remainder are combination frequencies. We find some slow aperiodic variability such as that seemingly present in several Beta Cephei stars. We perform mode identification from our colour photometry, derive the spherical degree l for the five strongest modes unambiguously and provide constraints on l for the weaker modes. We find a mixture of modes of 0 <= l <= 4. In particular, we prove that the previously suspected rotationally split triplet within the modes of 12 Lac consists of modes of different l; their equal frequency splitting must thus be accidental. One of the periodic signals we detected in the light curves is argued to be a linearly stable mode excited to visible amplitude by nonlinear mode coupling via a 2:1 resonance. We also find a low-frequency signal in the light variations whose physical nature is unclear; it could be a parent or daughter mode resonantly coupled. The remaining combination frequencies are consistent with simple light-curve distortions. The range of excited pulsation frequencies of 12 Lac may be sufficiently large that it cannot be reproduced by standard models. We suspect that the star has a larger metal abundance in the pulsational driving zone, a hypothesis also capable of explaining the presence of Beta Cephei stars in the LMC.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS, in pres

Breast cancer associated with pregnancy - our experience

Literature survey and local data analisys on breast cancer associated with pregnancy are presented. Risk factors and possible influence of pregnancy on breast cancer treatment results and prognosis are discussed.Представлен литературный обзор, анализ собственных данных по отдаленным результатам лечения рака молочной железы (РМЖ), ассоциированного с беременностью, особенностям лечения РМЖ на фоне беременности. Оценивается влияние факторов риска, беременности на течение и прогноз заболевания

Epidemiological Peculiarities of Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic, 2013-2015 in West Africa Countries

Represented are the results of analysis of the on-going EVD epidemic, 2013-2015 in West Africa countries. Identified have been epidemiological peculiarities, the principal ones of which are: the scale of epidemic transmission; social factors of widespread occurrence; registration of EVD cases in the new territories of the African continent - West Africa (Guinea, Liberia, Sierra-Leone); genetic distinction between Ebola virus and the strains of the same virus, species Zaire ebolavirus, that caused previous outbreaks; prevalence of febrile syndrome over hemorrhagic; high risk of infection with EVD among the healthcare workers. Most probable carriers of Ebola virus may be fruit-bats of the three species - Hypsignathus monstrosus, Myonycteris torquata, and Epomops franqueti. Outlined are the key stages and factors of EVD epidemic development

Assessment of the Potential Epidemic Hazard as Regards International Public Events in Terms of the Currently Important Infectious Diseases

International public events (IPE) present some actual epidemiological problems requiring proper methodological elaboration. In this respect for the first time developed has been the scheme of assessment of their potential epidemic hazard (PEH), based on integrated evaluation of epidemiological risk as regards infectious diseases listed in the IHR (2005). On the cholera model demonstrated is the fact that high priority hazard of public events emerges when those are combined with such elements of epidemiological risk as territory and time of a threat, as well as risk factors and risk contingents. Thus the integral effect of all elements realization is manifested through high probability of infectious disease importation, which is associated with emergency situation, into the public event location and the disturbance of mass gathering progress. Reliability and functionality of the developed scheme is verified on other infections too. PEH assessment procedure allows for timely identification of priority goals, for rating means and capacities, organizational resources, methodological and technological arrays for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare and biological safety when managing public event

Improvement of the Scientifically-Substantiated Model of Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare Provision During Mass Events by the Example of FIFA World Cup-2018 in Russia

In 2018, between June14 and July 15, final matches of the FIFA World Cup-2018 were held in 11 cities of the Russian Federation. That event was the biggest mass event with international participation in the history of Russia. During the period, in the process of sanitary-epidemiological welfare provision, developed earlier scintific-and-practical achievementds for prevention of emergency situations of sanitary-epidemiologoical character were implemented to the fullest extent. Objective of the study – analysis of evolution of the developed in Russia scientifically-substantiated approaches in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare provision of mass events and aggregation of the results of their implementation during preparation and holding of FIFA World-Cup-2018. Utilized were information-analytical materials from the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations by the constituent entities of the Russian Federatuion, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the entities of the Russian Federation, RusRAPI “Microbe” of the Rospotrebnadzor, data from Organizing Committee “Russia-2018”, Federal Turism Agency, information published in periodical press. Scientifically substantiated model of sanitary-epidemiological welfare provision during mass events was developed in the Russian Federation. It includes expert evaluation and quantification of potential epidemic hazard of mass event which allows for targeted prophylactic and anti-epidemic measures with rationalized loads and adequate frequency of repeat. The paper discusses the complex of measures carried out during preparation and holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 by the functional areas: sanitary protection of the territory; epidemiological surveillnace over relevant  anthropozoonotic, natural-focal zoonotic, sapronotic infectious diseaseas; sanitary surveillance over communal facilities, catering facilities, sites of accomodation of the participants and guests; sanitary-hygienic monitoring of ambient environment objects; provision of anti-epidemic preparadeness and readiness of the Rospotrebnadzor authorities and institutions and medical organizations; provision of readiness of laboratory facilities; involvement of additional forces and capacities and interagency cooperation in response to emergency situations of sanitary-epidemiological character

Breast cancer associated with pregnancy

Introduction. The problem of breast cancer associated with pregnancy for a long time attracts close attention. The incidence is relatively increasing, thanks in part to improved detection methods, but also to the growing trend towards late childbearingЦель исследования — оценить влияние беременности на отдаленный прогноз и клиническое течение рака молочной желез