Relationship between kidney ultrasound data and blood creatinine and urea levels in cats with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

The results of studying the influence of structural changes in the kidneys on their filtration in cats with polycystic kidney disease are given. The study was conducted on 10 domestic cats, which were divided into two experimental groups based on the results of creatinine determination according to the IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) classification – 5 animals with moderate renal azotemia (group 1) and 5 animals with severe renal azotemia (group 2). Ultrasound examination of the kidneys of cats in both groups was performed using a Mindray device with a microconvection transducer with a frequency of 7.5–10 MHz in B-mode. Both kidneys were examined in each animal. Scanning was performed in the sagittal plane so that the kidney gate was visible. The length, width of the kidney, and thickness of the cortical layer, as well as the number of cysts and their diameter, were counted. The renal area (RA), cyst area (CA), and the ratio of cyst area to renal area (RA/Cyst) were calculated. According to the results of the study of serum creatinine and urea content, the animals were divided into two groups depending on the level of azotemia. 5 cats with stage III chronic renal failure (CRF), serum creatinine levels were 326.40 ± 23.59 μmol/l, and 5 animals with stage IV chronic renal failure serum creatinine – 887.00 ± 61.81 µmol/l, which is 2.7 times higher (P ≤ 0.001) than the creatinine level in cats with stage III CKD. The urea content in the serum was significantly increased compared to the norm and amounted to 22.82 ± 2.09 mol/l in cats with stage III CKD and 42.45 ± 1.05 mol/l in cats with stage IV CKD, which was 2.2 times higher (P ≤ 0.01) compared to stage III. In animals with polycystic kidney disease and stage IV chronic renal failure according to the results of ultrasound examination an increase in the length of the kidney by 6.5 mm (p≤0.001) and a thickening of the cortical layer by 0.8 mm (P ≤ 0.01) was revealed, compared to animals with polycystic kidney disease and stage III chronic renal failure. There was no correlation between the area of cysts in the kidneys and the level of creatinine in the blood serum of animals. Ultrasound signs of chronic renal failure in cats of stage III are enlargement of the kidney in the length of more than 51 mm and cortical thickness of more than 5.5 mm, of stage IV is an increase in kidney length of more than 59 mm and cortical thickness of more than 6.0 mm. According to the results of ultrasonography, the number of cysts or their area cannot be used to assess the degree of renal functional failure

Модель вимірів параметрів стабілізації висіння гелікоптера відносно точкових об'єктів

Here we explain measuring model of helicopter's hovering stabilization parameters againstpoint object that requires smaller volume of calculation and preserves high speed and accuracy ofstabilization. Also we investigate reduction of number of state vectors and volume of calculation viausage of extended Kalman filter and standard sensorsОбоснована модель измерений параметров стабилизации висения вертолета относительно точечных объектов, которая требует меньшего объема вычислений и сохраняет высокую скорость и точность стабилизации. Исследована возможность сокращения векторов состояния и измерений за счет использования расширенного фильтра Калмана и штатных измерителейОбґрунтовано модель вимірів параметрів стабілізації висіння гелікоптера відносно точкових об’єктів, яка вимагає меншого обсягу обчислень і зберігає високу швидкість і точність стабілізації. Досліджено можливість скорочення векторів стану та вимірювань за рахунок використання розширеного фільтра Калмана та штатних вимірювачі

Аналитическое решение некоректних задач динамическими методами

Апроксимація неперервних диференційних та інтегральних рівнянь скінченними дискретними алгебраїчними системами, локальна лінеаризація систем нелінійних рівнянь за заданою інформацією у разі вирішення обернених задач зводиться до задач розв’язку систем лінійних алгебраїчних рівнянь. Матриці таких систем зазвичай є погано обумовленими, тому задачі розв’язання таких систем є некоректними, оскільки порушується третя умова коректності за Адамаром. Для розв’язання некоректних задач запропоновано динамічний метод регуляризації [1]. З метою зменшення часу роботи алгоритму, що пропонується динамічним методом запропоновано модифікований метод - динамічний метод другого порядку. Розроблено математичний апарат та на його основі запропоновано алгоритм для модифікованого методу, а також показано його ефективність на практичному прикладі.The inverse problems of continuous differential and integral equations approximation with finite discrete algebraic systems and the problems of local linearization of nonlinear equations by the provided information are reduced to solving the linear algebraic systems. Matrices of such systems are usually ill-conditioned due to ill-posed problems according to Hadamard correctness. As a solution to these problems a dynamical method for regularization was proposed [1]. In order to reduce the computation time of the algorithm, a second order modification of the dynamical method is proposed. This paper provides mathematical tools based on this method. A practical example shows its effectiveness.Апроксимация непрерывних дифференциальных и интегральных уравнений конечными дискретними алгебраическими системами, локальная линеаризация нелинейных уравнений по заданой информации при решении обратных задач сводятся к задачам решения систем линейных алгебраических уравнений. Матрицы таких систем обычно плохо обусловлены, поэтому задачи их решения некоректны, поскольку нарушается третье условие коректности по Адамару. Для решений некоретных систем предложен динамический метод регуляризации некоректных задач [1]. С целью уменьшения времени работы алгоритма, который предлагается динамическим методом, предложен модифицированный метод – динамический метод второго порядка. Разработан математический аппарат и на его основании предложен алгоритм для модифицированного метода, а также показана его эффективность на практическом примере

Strength characteristics forging connections bushing plate on the small sample theory

This paper aims to highlight the medical and medial relationships that were established and negotiated through the mass X-ray surveys for tuberculosis in Sweden from the early 1940s to 1970. In particular it focuses on three interrelated aspects. Firstly, it shows how mass miniature radiography was developed through the pairing of old X-ray technology with new photographic technology. Secondly, it demonstrates how the survey campaigns enabled connections between medical and media institutions and professional groups. Thirdly, it discusses how the mass surveys helped to create and mediate relations between doctors and patients, experts and lay people, sick and healthy people, participants and objectors. In conclusion, it argues that these three aspects together are crucial if we wish to understand the mediatisation of the medical sphere as well as the medicalisation of everyday life during the twentieth century

Predictive accuracy of cardiac risk indices for cardiovascular complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery

Objective: To compare predictive accuracy of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score and various cardiac risk indices for perioperative cardiovascular (CV) complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.Materials and methods: We examined 243 patients (148 men and 95 women) aged 45 to 84 (66 [60-71] years) prior to their elective oncological and vascular surgery. We assessed patients using the ASA physical status classification system, Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI), Gupta Myocardial Infarct or Cardiac Arrest (MICA) calculator, and Khoronenko cardiac risk index and analyzed perioperative CV complications.Results: We detected complications in 30 (12.3%) patients, with 3 (1.24%) of them having 2 concomitant CV complications. One death (0.41%) was registered. The MICA risk calculator had the highest predictive value (AUC ROC = 0.753). Risk scores over 0.95% discriminated patients with perioperative CV complications with sensitivity and specificity of 73.3% and 67.45%, respectively.Conclusions: We recommend using the MICA risk calculator to predict perioperative CV complications following elective oncological and vascular surgery

Magnetic-field dependence of low-energy magnons, anisotropic heat conduction, and spontaneous relaxation of magnetic domains in the cubic helimagnet ZnCr2Se4

Anisotropic low-temperature properties of the cubic spinel helimagnet ZnCr2Se4 in the single-domain spin-spiral state are investigated by a combination of neutron scattering, thermal conductivity, ultrasound velocity, and dilatometry measurements. In an applied magnetic field, neutron spectroscopy shows a complex and nonmonotonic evolution of the spin-wave spectrum across the quantum-critical point that separates the spin-spiral phase from the field-polarized ferromagnetic phase at high fields. A tiny spin gap of the pseudo-Goldstone magnon mode, observed at wave vectors that are structurally equivalent but orthogonal to the propagation vector of the spin helix, vanishes at this quantum critical point, restoring the cubic symmetry in the magnetic subsystem. The anisotropy imposed by the spin helix has only a minor influence on the lattice structure and sound velocity but has a much stronger effect on the heat conductivities measured parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic propagation vector. The thermal transport is anisotropic at T < 2 K, highly sensitive to an external magnetic field, and likely results directly from magnonic heat conduction. We also report long-time thermal relaxation phenomena, revealed by capacitive dilatometry, which are due to magnetic domain motion related to the destruction of the single-domain magnetic state, initially stabilized in the sample by the application and removal of magnetic field. Our results can be generalized to a broad class of helimagnetic materials in which a discrete lattice symmetry is spontaneously broken by the magnetic order.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures + Supplemental Materia