Tärkava majandusega riikidest pärit väikese ja keskmise suurusega ettevõtete ekspordikäitumine Venemaa ja Hiina näitel

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneKäesoleva doktoritöö eesmärk on luua sügavam arusaam väikeste ja keskmise suurusega ettevõtete (VKE-de) ekspordikäitumisest tärkava majandusega riikide kontekstis, kasutades näidetena Venemaad ja Hiinat. Töö põhineb kolmel empiirilisel uurimusel, mis käsitlevad ekspordikäitumise erinevaid aspekte. Artikkel 1 on pilootuuring, mis andis esialgsed tulemused potentsiaalsete tegurite kohta, mis mõjutavad VKE-de (globaalseks sündinud ettevõtted – GSE-d) varajast ja kiiret rahvusvahelistumist tärkava majandusega riikides. Hiina kasutamine uurimuskontekstina võimaldas tuvastada eksportijate (GSE-de ja muud rahvusvahelistujate) olulisi tunnuseid ja avas teemat, tuues esile nende gruppide vahelisi olulisi erinevusi statistilise analüüsi põhjal. Ilmnes kaks suunda edasiseks uurimiseks: analüüsida süvitsi peamisi tegureid, mis võivad põhjustada tärkava majandusega riikidest pärit VKE-de varajast ja kiirele rahvusvahelistumist (Artikkel 2) ja tuua esile institutsionaalse keskkonna mõju VKE-de ekspordikäitumisele (Artikkel 3). Artikkel 2 annab ülevaate kolme Artiklis 1 tuvastatud teguri – teadmised välisriigi kohta, võrgustikud ja valitsuse toetus – mõjust Hiina GSE-de tekkimisele, rakendades logistilist regressiooni. Viimast kahte tegurit analüüsiti ka kui välisturu alaste teadmiste ning vara ja kiiresti rahvusvahelistumise tõenäosuse vahelise seose mõjutajaid. Selgitati nende tegurite sümbioosi ning toodi välja olulised eksportijate vaheliste erinevuste põhjused. Artikkel 3 selgitas välja, mis roll on koduriigi institutsioonidel VKE-de ekspordikäitumises. Venemaa kontekst pakub huvitavat infot, sest selle riigi institutsionaalset keskkonda kirjeldatakse tihti ebasoodsana ja eksportimine on VKE-de jaoks küllaltki keeruline. Esitati tulemusi institutsionaalsete tegurite kohta, mis võivad takistada või toetada VKE-de rahvusvahelistumist. Seega täiendavad kõik kolm artiklit üksteist ja aitavad VKE-de rahvusvahelistumise kompleksset protsessi paremini mõistaThe objective of the thesis is to provide a deeper understanding of the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the context of emerging economies on the example of Russia and China. This thesis is based on three empirical studies that address different aspects of export behavior. Study 1 is a pilot study providing initial evidence on the potential factors that can affect the early and rapid internationalization of SMEs (born globals) from emerging economies. Using China as a research context, it presents some important characteristics of exporters (born globals and non-born globals) and opens the topic by highlighting significant differences between them, using simple statistical analysis. The Study indicates two avenues for further research: to focus on deeper analysis of the key factors that can drive the early and rapid internationalization of SMEs from emerging economies (Study 2) and to highlight the role of the institutional environment for SMEs’ export behavior (Study 3). Study 2 provides insights into the impacts of three factors – foreign knowledge, networks and government support – as identified in Study 1 on the emergence of Chinese born globals by applying logistic analysis. The last two factors are also analyzed as moderators between foreign knowledge and the likelihood of early and rapid internationalization. The symbiosis of these factors is explained and some important reasons for heterogeneity among exporters are outlined. Study 3 reveals the role of home country institutions on SMEs’ export behavior. The context of Russia offers interesting insights into this area as its institutional environment is often characterized as unfavorable and exporting is rather challenging for SMEs. Evidence is provided regarding the institutional factors that can impede or facilitate SMEs’ internationalization. Thus, all Studies are complementary and provide a better understanding of the complex process of SMEs’ internationalization.https://www.ester.ee/record=b5261186~S

Arabic as a scholarly language?

Virtually all Arabists at some point ask themselves whether they should take into account specialized literature in Arabic, whether to take part in conferences held in Arabic countries, and which language they should choose for publishing their work. In this paper, we try to review this question in a broader context of the language of scholarship. By adducing historical and typological parallels, we reflect on the role of language in conducting research and exchanging ideas. The authors of this article are both linguists specialized in Semitic languages; therefore, they concentrate on the problems of their field, although these should be relevant to some extent also for the adjacent fields in the humanities

Catalogue of WEB Data Services on Global Trade

This document is a catalogue of WEB services providing data on global trade. It updates to March 2010 the first edition published in 2007. Each service is described in the catalogue according to a form specifying data fields, geographical coverage, temporal span, search criteria and reporting facilities on data records. The information has been derived from WEB sites, email contacts with service providers, trial runs, and interviews with users. Services listed herein offer data on imports and exports on all types of commodities over the last decade. The use of the data is generic: they can support studies related to trade in diverse domains and applications. Trade data described in this catalogue have a regulatory origin because they stem from declarations made by importers and exporters to customs authorities. The data are collected at national level, processed, and released for public access under formats respecting national provisions on data confidentiality. Trade data are released in transactional or statistical format and may have a national or multi-national scope. Services on trade transactions are run by companies and are accessible after the payment of subscription fees. Services on statistical data (obtained by aggregating transactions) often have a multi-national scope and are provided for free access by international and governmental organizations, and statistical offices, or as pay services by companies. This catalogue has been compiled as part of the activities on nuclear trade information analysis within the action IANUS (Information Analysis for Nuclear Security, action nr. 53104 of JRC IPSC FP7).JRC.DG.G.8-Nuclear securit

The сoncept and types of factual communities in the modern theory of law

The article is devoted to the problems of formation and positioning of the category of factual communities in legal science. The relevance of this phenomenon in law is due to the need for a broader approach to the study of a set of factual circumstances that are the grounds for the emergence, change or termination of legal relations, which undoubtedly contributes to a more effective implementation of the goals of both lawmaking and law enforcement practice. The purpose of this article is to determine the prerequisites for the formation of the legal category under consideration, to identify the main types of factual communities, as well as to understand their functions. Achievement of this goal will make it possible with sufficient certainty to identify the main characteristics of the specified legal category, as well as to determine functional links with related legal concepts. The methodological basis of the article was made by modern achievements in the theory of knowledge. In the process of research, theoretical, general philosophical (dialectical, analysis, synthesis, deduction, systemic method), as well as traditional legal methods (formal-logical, normative-dogmatic and others) were used. In the course of the research, based on the analysis of the relationship of physical objects, phenomena and their groups among themselves, it was concluded that the term factual communities is a logical continuation of the development of the theory of legal facts, reflects the interconnected association of individual legal facts, as well as their actual composition. Such associations can have a different scope, as a result of which their functionality may also differ. The primary factual commonality is the actual composition. Factual systems are larger in volume and more complex in structure

How Does Privatization Work? Evidence from the Russian Shops

We use a survey of 452 Russian shops, most of which were privatized between 1992 and 1993, to measure the importance of alternative channels through which privatization promotes restructuring. Restructuring is measured as capital renovation, change in suppliers, increase in hours that stores stay open, and layoffs. There is strong evidence that the presence of new owners and new managers raises the likelihood of restructuring. In contrast, there is no evidence that equity incentives of old managers promote restructuring. The evidence points to the critical role that new human capital plays in economic transformation.

Professional training of future teachers of preschool education institutions to implement the development of child's abilities

The article deals with the problem of professional training of future teachers of preschool education institutions to implement the development of child abilities in the modern information society. Attention is paid to the impact of childhood education on achieving significant success in various fields of Science and Art in the future. The analysis of the works of scientists allowed us to generalize the interpretation of the categories: "makings", "abilities", "giftedness". The foundation of a creative personality is its creativity, the determinant of which is the activity of the individual as a search and transformative activity that is not stimulated from the outside. The introduction of information and communication technologies affects the education system, causing significant changes in the content and methods of teaching. The tasks that should be based on the use of information and communication technologies in preschool education are presented. The functions should be performed by modern information and communication technologies in the educational and information environment of preschool educational institutions

Existence and Uniqueness of the Solution to the Cauchy Problem for the Stochastic Reaction-Diffusion Differential Equation of Neutral Type

We prove a theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution to the Cauchy problem for a stochastic differential equation of neutral type in the weighted Hilbert space

Analysis of changes in pharmacotherapy of stable angina over the five-year period at specialized out-patient level of medical care (pharmacoepidemiological study)

Investigate the dynamics of drug prescription rates in patients with stable angina over the five-year period on the example of routine clinical practice of outpatient cardiology institution of Moscow for the purpose of further eliminating the prescribing gap for guideline recommended pharmacological strategies. Our research work was performed as a retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study including two stages with five-year interval using cross-section metho