Approximate Assertional Reasoning Over Expressive Ontologies

In this thesis, approximate reasoning methods for scalable assertional reasoning are provided whose computational properties can be established in a well-understood way, namely in terms of soundness and completeness, and whose quality can be analyzed in terms of statistical measurements, namely recall and precision. The basic idea of these approximate reasoning methods is to speed up reasoning by trading off the quality of reasoning results against increased speed

DIESEL ENGINE FUEL AND OIL CONTAMINATION IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF MONGOLIA

The study was conducted to determine the amount of contamination such as soot and silicon iron of engine oil and fuel contamination of tractors of Mongolia's agricultural sector. According this research, tractors were randomly selected for field testing during spring’s sowing and summer and autumn harrowing time, and fuel and oil samples were taken from them with a special vacuum suction according relevant instructions and the amount of contamination was determined in accredited laboratory of Tecenomics Mongolia LLC. According to the test results, fuel contamination increases exponentially and oil contamination increases polynomial, those results depending on the type of agricultural works, and period of the work in the field of the tractors.The study was conducted to determine the amount of contamination such as soot and silicon iron of engine oil and fuel contamination of tractors of Mongolia's agricultural sector. According this research, tractors were randomly selected for field testing during spring’s sowing and summer and autumn harrowing time, and fuel and oil samples were taken from them with a special vacuum suction according relevant instructions and the amount of contamination was determined in accredited laboratory of Tecenomics Mongolia LLC. According to the test results, fuel contamination increases exponentially and oil contamination increases polynomial, those results depending on the type of agricultural works, and period of the work in the field of the tractors

Research study on seed physical property of Mongolian wheat varieties

Wheat is the main vital cereal crop in Mongolia (Triticum spp.) The size of the seed is one important feature of seed quality. It is directly related to plant growth, seed yield, market factor and harvest efficiency [1]. Equally important are the size and shape of the seed. The seed in the middle of spike ripens fast, after which the upper and lower parts ripen. Even though seeds in the lower part of the spike fill up at the same time as in the middle section of the spike, the seed ripens later. Seeds in the middle part of the spike have good filling and are bigger in size too. Moreover, they are good plantlets. A two year study was conducted in 2019-2020 to determine the effect of seed size on the yield  potential of six wheat varieties, including such early maturing varieties (Darkhan-160, Darkhan-131), medium maturing varieties (Darkhan-34, Darkhan-212) and late maturing (Darkhan-144, Darkhan 181) varieties. Seed samples of 6 varieties were separated in to four groups of seed diameter size, 2.0-2.2 mm, 2.2-2.4 mm, 2.4-2.6 mm, and 2.6-2.8 mm respectively. The seedling density was 350 seeds/m2. The field trial was performed in a completely randomized block design with 3 replications. The 1000 kernel weight in spike parts in tillage stems of varieties, grain yield and seed fraction of the yield were determined by using Grain Scan software. The best qualified seeds were placed at the medium part of the spike. The 1000 kernel weight of the medium part of Darkhan-181, Darkhan-131, and Darkhan-34 varieties reached 40-43 g and Darkhan-144 variety had the highest 1000 kernel weight (40-47 g). The portions of different seed sizes in yield was significant among the varieties planted. The varieties with longer vegetation period result higher portion of larger seeds in yield as compared to varieties with short vegetation period. The portion of large (>2.4mm) seeds in yield increased from 41.6-46.85% to 72.9-76.8% in different maturity varieties (from early to late medium). Grain yield of plots was increased with uniform large seeds in both years. The use of largest seeds resulted in a more competitive cropping system, improving grain yields by 16.9%. The yield decreased by 4.9% by planting seeds (2.0-2.2 mm) smaller than the control fraction (2.2-2.4 mm). The use of uniform large seeds increased both seedling emergence and grain yield. Results demonstrate that medium and mid-large uniform seeds (>2.2mm and >2.4mm) in accordance with the seed properties of the variety were useful in wheat seed productio

Erstellung eines Konzeptes zur Transportoptimierung im Hochwasserereignisfall für die mobilen Binnenentwässerungssysteme im Gebiet des Zweckverbandes Kommunale Wasserver-/ Abwasserentsorgung „Mittleres Erzgebirgsvorland“ Hainichen

Diese Arbeit hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, mit Hilfe von logistischen Verfahren die Hochwasserschutzmaßnahme in vier Orten zu verbessern. Aufgrund der Vorwarnzeiten sind bestimmte Zeiträume erforderlich, um den sicheren Betrieb vor Eintreffen der Hochwasserwelle in den jeweiligen Orten zu sichern. Diese Problemlage wird durch Durchlauf- und Kapazitätsterminierung behandelt, um eine optimale Beschaffung von mobilen Binnenentwässerungssystemen zu erzielen. Die Arbeit schließt mit eine Ergebnisbetrachtung und einen Ausblick auf noch bevorstehende Resultate ab

On the Importance of Pollen Morphology in Classification of Chenopodiaceae in Mongolia

The pollen morphology of 18 species from 12 genera of Chenopodiaceae native to Mongolia was studied. Plants were collected during field courses and research projects on useful plants and are deposited in the Herbarium of the Mongolian State University of Education. Chemical preparation was carried out in the Palynological Laboratories at the School of Natural Sciences of the Mongolian State University of Education and the Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics of the University of Göttingen in Germany. The results show, that all investigated species are distinguishable in terms of pollen morphology bases on their pollen grain sizes, exine thickness and number of pores

On the Importance of Pollen Morphology in Classification of Chenopodiaceae in Mongolia

The pollen morphology of 18 species from 12 genera of Chenopodiaceae native to Mongolia was studied. Plants were collected during field courses and research projects on useful plants and are deposited in the Herbarium of the Mongolian State University of Education. Chemical preparation was carried out in the Palynological Laboratories at the School of Natural Sciences of the Mongolian State University of Education and the Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics of the University of Göttingen in Germany. The results show, that all investigated species are distinguishable in terms of pollen morphology bases on their pollen grain sizes, exine thickness and number of pores

Evaluating math problem solutions with Mathcad software

Abstract. The study aimed to describe links between methods of assessing and teaching mathematics. Specifically, it tried to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mathcad software as a tool in assessing mathematics and its impacts to improved teaching and learning achievements. Teachers often face overburdened tasks to assess and evaluate students learning progresses -attainment of new knowledge and skills -through manuals checks of complicated multistage math problem solutions and computations. Thus, it required to prepare worksheets with problem solutions using Mathcad, in order to guide and check students' problem-solving activities. MSW-application (Mathcad-based worksheets with problem-solving computations) was experimented in both traditional teaching environment and Moodle-based learning management system setting. This study assumes the hypothesis that using this software will help both students and teachers to improve learning and teaching activities and efficiency. Under the study, 3-year long experiments were carried out among students, majored in software engineering at National University of Mongolia, during the Linear algebra and Analytical geometry course in 2010 to 2013. The experiments covered 4 experimental groups of 98 students and another 4 control groups of 96 students for three years. Of them, 85% were new students covered throughout the experiments and continued their studies consistently during this period. The study confirmed positive progresses and achievements in regard to teachers' efficiency to evaluate students' tasks by assessing problem solutions and calculations and responding to students on their performance. Moreover, MSW had more positive impacts within Moodle environment than traditional environment

Students’ Perceptions of a Blended Course and its Effectiveness at a Mongolian University

Blended learning has been considered one of the modern delivery modes of teaching and learning since the COVID-19 pandemic outreach. Although e-learning has been developing in most countries, its importance and needs were highly acknowledged by all educational organizations worldwide during COVID-19. All educational institutions worldwide run online or blended courses at some stage of their training. Regarding temporary demands such as the pandemic, learners had to study through online learning, and now it has become one of their regular learning modes. Meanwhile, educational institutions and their stakeholders were experiencing both online and blended programs and were provided opportunities to compare different delivery methods. Therefore, blended learning and teaching have become a more profitable way of teaching, especially in higher education. This article investigates the student’s perceptions of blended learning and its effectiveness based on the case of a Mongolian university. To achieve this goal, we conducted qualitative and quantitative research. The survey included 182 students from first-year to senior year to identify the challenges they faced, the experiences they gained, and their evaluation of the blended courses they enrolled in. The research questions were created on Google form, data was electronic via emails, and focused group interviews were conducted simultaneously. As a result of the survey, it has been revealed that there are several benefits and advantages to blended courses in the tertiary education sector of Mongolia. However, key factors such as the learning styles of Mongolian students, appropriate learning environment and course design, access to technology, and effective organization should be improved in the future in order to run the blended courses successfully

Intensification of agriculture in southwestern Germany between the Bronze Age and Medieval period, based on archaeobotanical data from Baden-Württemberg

A system of farming with an alternation of land use between being cultivated or left fallow as grassland (Feldgraswirtschaft) developed in southwestern Germany since the Bronze Age. It involved fallow periods, where the arable land is left without crops in order to let it recover its fertility for several years while becoming grassland. This led to regeneration of the topsoil humus, which could later be mobilized by cultivation. With later farming systems, the supply of nutrients needed for crops could also be provided by manuring, which allowed shorter fallow periods but required the production of manure. Such cultivation systems with short or even without fallow phases and with intensive manuring are known from the medieval period as one, two or three field systems of agriculture and their development was an important step towards the intensification of farming. The current study considers on-site plant macrofossil data from archaeological sites as well as the off-site pollen data from cores in Baden-Württemberg in order to recognize the main changes towards agricultural intensification through time from the Bronze Age up to medieval times. The various landscape types included in the study area also reveal their different agricultural histories of intensification. In lowlands with good soils, the intensification can be recognized earlier and more strongly than in uplands or other marginal areas. The main shift towards intensification took place in the Roman period, which is also confirmed by written sources of the time that mention manuring as well as a kind of two field system and alternation between grassland and arable land.publishedVersio