Teaching & Learning Written Comprehension in French at Post-Fundamental Level: Bujumbura City Hall

This article seeks to address the contribution of teaching and learning written comprehension in the new perspective of post-fundamental education recently implemented in Burundi. The students do not understand the message conveyed in the text and have missed the main thrust of the text. This problematic raised led us to ask questions and make possible hypotheses. Among the obstacles to reading comprehension are a lack of vocabulary, linguistic and semantic knowledge, and so on. To make our work effective, we used the questionnaire method, addressed to teachers of the 3rd post-fundamental language in Bujumbura town hall. Another scientific method used was the observation method, which consists in verifying the practical realities of teacher-learner interactions, as well as the methodological approaches implemented in a text lesson. To analyze the results obtained, the quantitative method was used. This method of analysis enables us to arrive at results which stipulate that learners are unable to understand what is written due to a lack of vocabulary, syntactic and semantic knowledge, extralinguistic, problems in the classroom, methodology, lack of support notebooks and problems in reading books. On the whole, students experience difficulties in reading comprehension due to a lack of lexical, linguistic and literary mastery. In this research, we have identified the problems of developing written comprehension among students in the 3rd year of post-fundamental education. These obstacles are related to the lack of vocabulary, linguistic and extralinguistic semantic knowledge, and grammatical structures. These factors remain a hindrance for students in written comprehension

The Effectiveness Of (Esa) Engage Study Activate Method On Student’s Speaking Ability At The Eight Grade Students Of Islamic Junior High School of Syech Abdul Qadir Al Jailani

The study investigates the effectiveness of the Engage-Study-Activate (ESA) method on the speaking ability of eighth-grade students at Islamic Junior High Schools. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving a pre-test/post-test control group design. The study took place at Mts Sirajut Thalibin Racek Junior High School, which included two classes with a total of 48 students. Class VIII A, the experimental group, consisted of 24 female students, while Class VIII B, the control group, was made up of 24 male students. In this study, data collection was conducted using observation, tests (including pre-tests and post-tests), and documentation. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to analyze the data. The statistical analysis aimed to determine the mean, frequency, total score, standard deviation, and percentage. The pre-test values for the experimental and control classes were 57.29 and 48.33, respectively, while the post-test values were 83.96 for the experimental class and 60.00 for the control class. The average scores reveal that the experimental group, taught using the ESA method, outperformed the control group, which did not employ the ESA method. Based on data analysis and research findings, it can be concluded that the ESA method significantly improved students' speaking abilities. This is evidenced by the experimental group's average score of 76.36 compared to the control group's average score of 61.82. The mean value of the experimental group is higher than that of the control group, and the t-test value is 3.754, with a 2-tailed significance of 0.001. This suggests that the ESA method can be effectively integrated into speaking instruction in Islamic Junior High Schools to enhance students' speaking proficiency. The study's implications include the importance of adopting learner-centered approaches in language instruction to foster better communication skills in students.

The Students’ Perception on Blended Learning Used by the English Teachers at SMAN 3 Maros

A person's habit of putting what they have learned into practice is a metric that can be used to measure perception, regardless of whether the person agrees with, disagrees with, or justifies what they have learned. In this study, 35 students from class XII MIPA 4 SMAN 3 Maros participated, and descriptive qualitative research methods were employed to conduct the study. The purpose of the research was to investigate the perspectives of students towards blended learning in English. In particular during the COVID-19 pandemic, where there were no dominants in blended learning, students felt that offline learning was still the most important thing major compared to online learning. The conclusion of the students' perceptions on blended learning assists students in accepting their right consciousness to learn English. The study implies a pedagogical perspective into EFL senior high school students’ view towards blended learning post-pandemic time where offline and online classes have only recently begun in Indonesia

Citation Practices in Colombian Undergraduate English Teachers’ Academic Writing

Citation is a crucial rhetorical aspect that plays a fundamental role within academic writing and it is a problematic area for novice writers, especially nonnative undergraduate English   teachers. However, little is known about how these teachers cite in the theoretical framework chapters of their monograph. This articles aims at describing the citation practices in a corpus conformed by 22 theoretical framework chapters of monographs written by undergraduate English teachers (UETs) in Colombia. The analysis was constituted by the citation typology of Swales (1986,1990) and Petriḉ’s (2007) functional taxonomy of citations.  The results indicate that integral citation is the most used citation type in the corpus of UETs which depicts a simple for of citation. Related to functions, the attribution is highly dominant   in this corpus which entails an undergraduate English teachers’ limitation in the variety of function citation. This study can be used to raise awareness on nonnative undergraduate English teachers towards better citation practices in their disciplinary academic papers

A Genre Analysis of Research Article Abstracts in Forensic Linguistics

As a key genre in the academic discourse community, research articles (RA) have enjoyed great popularity over the years. A key component of the RA is the RA abstract. Its essence is seen in its objective of giving an overview of the study. Given the dearth of genre analysis in the Forensic Linguistics discipline, the study aimed at exploring the move structure and lexico-grammatical features of RA abstracts published in Forensic Linguistics. Adopting Hyland’s five-move model for analysing abstracts, the study randomly sampled ninety (90) RA abstracts from three different Forensic Linguistics journals. Guided by Hüttner’s classification model, the study identified the Purpose move as an obligatory move with 100%. It was revealed that the abstracts follow the semi-linear move sequence, i.e., M1>M2>M3>M4, which was the preferred pattern. The highest textual space was allocated to the Introduction move, and the average number of words in the abstract was 264. With the linguistic realisation of the moves, the present verb tense was preferred, occurring frequently in the Introduction, Purpose, Product and Conclusion moves. Adjunct adverbials were found to dominate the Introduction move, while disjunct adverbials never occurred in any of the moves. The study has insightful implications for language pedagogy, knowledge in the field of Forensic linguistics, and further research

The Role of Target Culture in English Language Education: EFL Teachers’ Perspectives

This research inquired into the ways in which EFL teachers think of the role of target culture in English language education. Of special interest in this research was the issue of whether teaching the target culture is seen as important when it comes to English language learning and teaching in EFL contexts or not. Equally important was the question of whose target culture is taught. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with ten EFL teachers at different language institutes: five were from Khartoum, Sudan and five from Tehran, Iran. The interview questions, which were formulated after extensive reading of germane literature, explored themes related to culture and its role in English language education. The main and most important finding of the research indicates that EFL teachers think that it is necessary to teach elements of the target culture that are not at odds with their local cultures. Another related finding is that the target culture is conceptualized in monolithic terms and is equated with American and British cultures. 

EFL Teachers’ English Language Use During the Pandemics in the Indonesian Senior High School Context

In response to the significant upheaval caused by the global pandemic, education systems worldwide have shifted from traditional classroom settings to remote teaching methods. This drastic transition has presented numerous challenges, particularly in the realm of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education in non-English speaking countries, such as Indonesia. This study embarks on an in-depth exploration of how the teaching methodologies and language functions utilized by EFL teachers at an Indonesian senior high school, MAN 2 Parepare, have adapted to these new learning environments. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative research design, providing a comprehensive view of the phenomena under investigation. The in-depth investigation focuses on the practices of two English teachers at MAN 2 Parepare, analyzing the way they employ different language functions during their online classes. The analysis seeks to elucidate the interaction between instructional language and the online learning environment, how it affects student comprehension, and the potential for instructional refinement. Findings indicate a broad range of language functions used by both teachers in their instructional strategies, demonstrating the adaptive potential of EFL instruction under the pressures of pandemic-induced remote teaching. Notably, the study reveals that the use of students' native language and the target language - English - plays a crucial role in aiding students' comprehension, highlighting the importance of maintaining a balance between the two. In sum, this paper offers valuable insights into the language function dynamics at play in online EFL classrooms during the pandemic. The findings have implications for informing instructional best practices and contribute to the broader understanding of language education in a rapidly changing global context

EFL English Student’s Ability and Difficulties in Dealing with Academic Phrases

The high quality of academic writing is highly influenced by the sufficient use of academic phrases. This research examined the students with English major backgrounds in both English education and English literature and found their difficult recourses. This research developed an academic phrase test and adopted a questionnaire on students’ perception on the source of academic phrase difficulties. There were 58 respondents from English majors with 49 from English education and 9 from English literature. The result of the test indicated that the student’s ability in academic phrases needs to be improved. The students perceived those unfamiliar words usage, the absence of the syllabi, insufficient teaching, and less experience in using them are the source of difficulties.  Therefore, it can be said that academic phraseology should be included in the English student’s curriculum to solve the student’s issues. By doing this students’ exposure to academic phrases can be also increased so they will have more experience dealing with the phrases and can resolve their unfamiliarity with the words used in academic phrases. The findings of this study suggest that students in the English background majors should be assisted with academic phrases lessons to improve their academic writing in general and academic phrase usage in particular

An Analysis Of Code Mixing And Code Switching On Najwa Shihab Podcast “Susahnya Jadi Perempuan” (Catatan Najwa)

This research focuses on analyze the occurrence of code-mixing and code-switching in Najwa Shihab's podcast episode entitled "Susahnya jadi Perempuan" (Catatan Najwa). The podcast episode discusses various challenges and experiences faced by women in society. This research aims to identify the types and how code-mixing and code-switching are used in the podcast. To achieve this, the authors used a qualitative descriptive method based on Muysken's theory and Poplack's theory.  The data were then categorized based on the types of code-mixing and code-switching, such as Insertion, Alternation, and Congruent Lexicalitation code-mixing as well as Inter-sentential switching, tag switching and Intra-sentential switching. The data obtained from this podcast amounted to 87 data. The results are as follows; there are 62 code mix data consisting of 46 (74%) insertion data, 10 (16%) alternation data, and 6 (10%) congruent lexicalization data. Furthermore, there were 25 code switching data found, which consisted of 9 (36%) inter-sentential switching data, 3 (12%) tag switching data, and 13 (52%) intra-sentential switching data. The authors found that the use of code-mixing and code-switching in this podcast was greatly influenced by the person, such as, the social environment of Najwa and her guest stars. A notable finding from the research is the evident influence of the speakers' social environment on their linguistic choices. Specifically, the interactions between Najwa and her guest stars, coupled with the thematic content of the episode, played a pivotal role in shaping the patterns of code-mixing and code-switching observed. This expanded research offers a deeper understanding of the dynamic interplay of languages in contemporary media formats, emphasizing the significance of sociolinguistic factors in shaping linguistic choices. The study not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge on code-mixing and code-switching but also underscores the importance of analyzing modern mediums to capture the evolving nature of linguistic practices

Applying Two Stay Two Stray Technique in Improving the Students’ Reading Comprehension

This study investigates the effect of the Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) Technique on the reading comprehension of report texts by eleventh-grade SMAN 1 Barru students. In this study, there are two problem statements: 1)Is the Two-Stay Two-Stray strategy beneficial in enhancing the reading comprehension of report material among eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Barru? And 2) Are the students enthusiastic about reading instruction utilizing the TSTS Technique?. This study utilized a quasi-experimental approach with one pre-test and one post-test for each of two classes. The sample was obtained from the population using a cluster random sampling technique. Teachers typically employ a standard style and technique when instructing their students. Two Stay Two Stray is a teaching strategy that can be implemented by teachers in reading classes as a result of this study. The outcome of the posttest suggested that there was a significant difference in the comprehension achievement of students before and after reading instruction utilizing the TSTS Technique. The study discovered, based on their study of the data, that the Two Stay Two Stray Technique could enhance students' reading comprehension