THE EFFECTS OF DRYING TEMPERATURE ON THE STRUCTURE AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF Cr3+-BASED CONVERSION COATINGS ON ZINC-COATED STEEL SURFACE

In this paper, we present results of drying temperature influence on the structure and corrosion  resistance of  Cr(III)–based conversion coatings on the surface of zinc-coated steel. The results show that the quality of Cr(III)–based conversion coatings is strongly influenced by the drying temperature, the appropriate drying temperature is about 80 oC, and drying at higher temperatures will reduce corrosion resistance durability and raise the cost of the production process

Structure and Development of Flowers and Inflorescences in Burmannia (Burmanniaceae, Dioscoreales)

Species of the genus Burmannia possess distinctive and highly elaborated flowers with prominent floral tubes that often bear large longitudinal wings. Complicated floral structure of Burmannia hampers understanding its floral evolutionary morphology and biology of the genus. In addition, information on structural features believed to be taxonomically important is lacking for some species. Here we provide an investigation of flowers and inflorescences of Burmannia based on a comprehensive sampling that included eight species with various lifestyles (autotrophic, partially mycoheterotrophic and mycoheterotrophic). We describe the diversity of inflorescence architecture in the genus: a basic (most likely, ancestral) inflorescence type is a thyrsoid comprising two cincinni, which is transformed into a botryoid in some species via reduction of the lateral cymes to single flowers. Burmannia oblonga differs from all the other studied species in having an adaxial (vs. transversal) floral prophyll. For the first time, we describe in detail early floral development in Burmannia. We report presence of the inner tepal lobes in B. oblonga, a species with reportedly absent inner tepals; the growth of the inner tepal lobes is arrested after the middle stage of floral development of this species, and therefore they are undetectable in a mature flower. Floral vasculature in Burmannia varies to reflect the variation of the size of the inner tepal lobes; in B. oblonga with the most reduced inner tepals their vascular supply is completely lost. The gynoecium consists of synascidiate, symplicate, and asymplicate zones. The symplicate zone is secondarily trilocular (except for its distal portion in some of the species) without visible traces of postgenital fusion, which prevented earlier researchers to correctly identify the zones within a definitive ovary. The placentas occupy the entire symplicate zone and a short distal portion of the synascidiate zone. Finally, we revealed an unexpected diversity of stamen-style interactions in Burmannia. In all species studied, the stamens are tightly arranged around the common style to occlude the flower entrance. However, in some species the stamens are free from the common style, whereas in the others the stamen connectives are postgenitally fused with the common style, which results in formation of a gynostegium

Caveats of fungal barcoding: a case study in Trametes s.lat. (Basidiomycota: Polyporales) in Vietnam reveals multiple issues with mislabelled reference sequences and calls for third-party annotations

DNA barcoding using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) has become prevalent in surveys of fungal diversity. This approach is, however, associated with numerous caveats, including the desire for speed, rather than accuracy, through the use of automated analytical pipelines, and the shortcomings of reference sequence repositories. Here we use the case of a specimen of the bracket fungus Trametes s.lat. (which includes the common and widespread turkey tail, T. versicolor) to illustrate these problems. The material was collected in Vietnam as part of a biodiversity inventory including DNA barcoding approaches for arthropods, plants and fungi. The ITS barcoding sequence of the query taxon was compared against reference sequences in GenBank and the curated fungal ITS database UNITE, using BLASTn and MegaBLAST, and was subsequently analysed in a multiple alignment-based phylogenetic context through a maximum likelihood tree including related sequences. Our results initially indicated issues with BLAST searches, including the use of Frairwise local alignments and sorting through Total score and E value, rather than Percentage identity, as major shortcomings of the DNA barcoding approach. However, after thorough analysis of the results, we concluded that the single most important problem of this approach was incorrect sequence labelling, calling for the implementation of third-party annotations or analogous approaches in primary sequence repositories. In addition, this particular example revealed problems of improper fungal nomenclature, which required reinstatement of the genus name Cubamyces (= Leioirametes), with three new combinations: C. flavidus, C lactineus and C. menziesii. The latter was revealed as the correct identification of the query taxon, although the name did not appear among the best BLAST hits. While the best BLAST hits did correspond to the target taxon in terms of sequence data, their label names were misleading or unresolved, including [Fungal endophyte], [Uncultured fungus], Basidiomycota, Trametes cf. cubensis, Lenzites elegans and Geotrichum candidum (an unrelated ascomycetous contaminant). Our study demonstrates that accurate identification of fungi through molecular barcoding is currently not a fast-track approach that can be achieved through automated pipelines

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

พรรณกล้วยไม้ในเขตสงวาน Hon Ba จังหวัด Khanh Hoa เวียดนาม

Thesis (M.Sc., Botany)--Prince of Songkla University, 201

The phytogeographic note on the orchids flora of Vietnam: a case study from the Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Central Vietnam

The survey of the Orchid flora at Hon Ba Nature Reserve, where was a part of the famous Annamite Range in Vietnam, had been achieved from March to December 2014. A total of 106 species in 4 life forms were accounted i.e. epiphyte (67 species), terrestrial (20 species), lithophyte (13 species) and mycoheterotrophic (6 species). Among those, there were two newly recorded species to the Annamite Range i.e. Lecanorchis nigricans Honda and Bulbophyllum dasystachys J.J.Verm., P. Thavipoke & J. Phelps. The most diverse genera were Dendrobium, Bulbophyllum, Liparis and Paphiopedilum respectively. The result area revealed that the Annamite Range performed as a “cross road” of 4 floristic regions in Asia, i.e. the Himalayan Range, the Indo-China Mainland and Myanmar, the Sino-Japanese and the Malesian Region

Review of the genus Miguelia (Orchidaceae) and a new species, M. cruenta, from southern Vietnam

This review of the genus Miguelia Aver. includes a brief characterization of the genus, a key for species identification, appropriate taxonomic citation and synonyms for each species, and notes on ecology, phenology and distribution. M. cruenta, discovered in southern Vietnam, is described and illustrated as a new species. The tentative relationship of the newly discovered species is briefly discussed

Род Liparis (Orchidaceae) в заповеднике Хон Ба, Вьетнам, провинция Кханьхоа

Современные ботанические исследования позволяют обозначить Восточный Индокитай и особенно территорию Вьетнама как богатейший мировой центр генетического разнообразия рода Liparis Rich. (Orchidaceae), для которого здесь приводится 56 видов, подтвержденных гербарными экземплярами.Вместе с этим, многие горные области Вьетнама остаются пока слабо исследованными в ботаническом отношении и, без сомнения, скрывают много узкоэндемичных видов, еще не известных науке. Горы Хон Ба, представляющие ныне официально охраняемый заповедник, являются ярким примером такой территории, обладающей исключительно богатой и разнообразной флорой орхидей. Статья представляет первые результаты ботанических исследований гор Хон Ба, проводившихся в течение 2014 года, и содержит современные данные по инвентаризации флоры орхидных, посвященные роду Liparis – одному из крупнейших родов данного семейства во флоре заповедника. Представленный аннотированный обзор включает 13 видов (Liparis sect. Liparis: L. mamillata, L. ngoclinhensis, L. sootenzanensis; L. sect. Cestichis: L. balansae, L. bootanensis, L. cespitosa, L. chapaensis, L. dendrochiloides, L. honbaensis, L. mannii, L. tenuis; L. sect. Distichae: L. compressa, L. gibbosa), найденных на территории заповедника. Для каждого вида приводится правильное название, список важнейших синонимов, цитирование типа, краткое описание, распространение (для эндемиков приводится перечисление местонахождений), данные по экологии, фенологии, а также иллюстрации. Все данные основаны на гербарных экземплярах, помещенных на хранение в LE (Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН), VNM (Музей Института тропической биологии Академии наук Вьетнама) и PSU (Университет принца Сонгкла, Таиланд). Почти все нахождения видов, указанные в статье, являются новыми для территории страны.Один вид (L. honbaensis) описан в качестве нового вида для науки, ещё один (L. tenuis) приводится для Вьетнама впервые, а L. mamillata и L. ngoclinhensis были известны ранее только по типовым образцам, собранным за пределами заповедника.</p