13 research outputs found
El teléfono a lo largo de la historia. Análisis morfológico y multivariado.
En el estudio se plantea un análisis morfosemántico del teléfono a lo largo de su historia. Se incluyen el teléfono fijo de disco, el inalámbrico y los teléfonos celulares desde la primera hasta la cuarta generación. Partiendo de tres criterios de análisis: contextual, morfológico y semántico, se estudian grupalmente los dispositivos de cada familia generacional. Los resultados se procesan usando estadística multivariada a través de la aplicación de los métodos de clasificación K-NN y CART. El resultado se manifiesta en un modelo matemático altamente predictivo en el que las variables seleccionadas permiten explicar el desarrollo del dispositivo a lo largo del tiempo
El objeto diseñado y la percepción del tiempo: el teléfono
La situación contextual, atravesada por las profundas crisis del mundo contemporáneo en lo social, lo económico y lo ambiental, hace ineludible la responsabilidad de repensar el rol del diseño y de los objetos diseñados. Este ejercicio se propone, a la luz de lo que la historia nos muestra, que los objetos son fundamentales en lo humano y establecen relaciones más complejas de lo que se piensa con lo cotidiano, lo natural, lo cultural. El escrito propone una serie de reflexiones acerca de las modificaciones en la percepción del tiempo a través del uso de dispositivos electrónicos, especialmente del teléfono, describe como a mayor avance tecnológico más se acelera la percepción de paso del tiempo, así como también más fuerte es la sensación de dependencia.The contextual situation, traversed by the profound social, economic and environmental crises of the contemporary world, makes the responsibility of rethinking the role of design and designed objects unavoidable. This exercise proposes, in the light of what history shows us, that objects are fundamental in the human and establish more complex relationships than is thought with the everyday, the natural, the cultural. The writing proposes a series of reflections about the modifications in the perception of time through the use of electronic devices, especially the telephone, it describes how the greater the technological advance, the more the perception of the passage of time is accelerated, as well as the stronger it is. the feeling of dependency.A situação contextual, atravessada pelas profundas crises sociais, económicas e ambientais do mundo contemporâneo, torna incontornável a responsabilidade de repensar o papel do design e dos objetos desenhados. Este exercício propõe, à luz do que a história nos mostra, que os objetos são fundamentais no humano e estabelecem relações mais complexas do que se pensa com o cotidiano, o natural, o cultural. A escrita propõe uma série de reflexões sobre as modificações na percepção do tempo por meio do uso de dispositivos eletrônicos, principalmente o telefone, descreve como quanto maior o avanço tecnológico, acelera-se a percepção da passagem do tempo, bem como o sentimento de dependência
HACIA UN DISEÑO CONECTADO CON LAS PRÁCTICAS SOCIALES: ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN
La situación contextual actual evidencia profundas crisis sociales, económicas y ambientales. La disciplina del diseño requiere acoplarse a los cambios y necesidades contemporáneas y para ello es necesario mirar hacia otros enfoques teóricos que permitan la emergencia de nuevas maneras de mirar y hacer diseño. En este escrito, se recorre por estudios que relacionan el diseño con lo social, el consumo y las prácticas, así como en las nociones básicas de la Teoría de la Práctica Social (TPS). De allí, se analizan casos en los que se han puesto en diálogo el diseño y la TPS. En el recorrido se construye un estado de la cuestión en torno a las posibilidades derivadas del diálogo entre estas dos para, finalmente, evidenciar el potencial de esta relación para el enriquecimientodel marco teórico y práctico de la disciplina.
Palabras clave: Diseño, Teoría de la práctica social, contexto, crisis, objeto.
AbstractThe current contextual situation shows deep social, economic and environmental crises. The discipline of design requires the adaptation to contemporary changes and needs and for this it is necessary to look towards other theoretical approaches that allow the emergence of new ways of looking at and doing design. This paper goes through studies that relate design to the social, consumption and practices, as well as the basic notions of the Theory of Social Practice (TPS). From there, cases are analyzed in which design and TPS have been put into dialogue. In the tour, a state of the matter is built around the possibilities derived from the dialogue between these two to finally show the potential of this relationship for the enrichment of the theoretical and practicalframework of the discipline.Keywords: Design, Social Practice Theory, context, crisis, object
Explorando las relaciones entre los objetos y el espacio en el diseño de autor: Análisis Morfológico de la obra de Wilmer Chaca
This article presents the result of a morphological analysis of the work of Wilmer Chaca, a young Ecuadorian designer. It intends to explain in which ways the designer solves his formal exploration of a product of author's design, loaded with meaning and formal innovation. It also explores the relationships that are established around an object, and between object and space.El estudio presenta el resultado del análisis morfológico de la obra del joven diseñador ecuatoriano Wilmer Chaca, pretende comprender las maneras en las que el diseñador resuelve su exploración formal en productos de diseño de autor cargados de significación e innovación formal, además se busca reflexionar en las relaciones que se establecen alrededor del objeto, y entre el objeto y el espacio.Este artigo apresenta o resultado da análise morfológica do trabalho do jovem designer equatoriano Wilmer Chaca, e procura compreender as formas pelas quais o designer resolve sua exploração formal de produtos de design de autor carregados de significado e inovação formal. Também procura refletir sobre as relações que são estabelecidas em torno do objeto e entre o objeto e o espaço
Evolutionary strategies of object-sign
The present study examines the relationship between design and culture. The article focuses on discovering the mechanics through which a design remains or it is modified. By exploring the product of design, from a semiotic perspective and the evolutionary theory, this research tries to clarify the ways in which the design brings meanings; therefore, its role in the maintenance and revitalization of cultural identity is assessed. Starting from an inter- and trans-disciplinary perspective, a theoretical reflection and proposal is defined. The proposal is then validated through a case analysis driven Content Analysis and Multivariate Data Processing methodology. Finally, the accelerated transit of the objects of consumption in the contemporary society is analyzed
El objeto diseñado, a la luz de la teoría de la práctica social. Caso el teléfono, desde el teléfono fijo de disco hasta el celular 4G en Ecuador
El diseño tiene un impacto directo en la configuración de lo material, al diseñar objetos el diseñador coproduce experiencias de consumo y propone la materialidad que circula en los distintos sistemas de prácticas. Este estudio visibiliza cómo el diseño modifica lo cotidiano, el consumo, y puntualmente, cómo contribuye a sostener o no prácticas en un escenario de policrisis –económica, ambiental, social-
Heel lance in newborn during breastfeeding: an evaluation of analgesic effect of this procedure
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>The reduction of pain due to routine invasive procedures (capillary heel stick blood sampling for neonatal metabolic screening) in the newborn is an important objective for the so-called "Hospital with no pain". Practices such as skin to skin contact, or breastfeeding, in healthy newborn, may represent an alternative to the use of analgesic drugs. The aim of our work is to evaluate the analgesic effect of breastfeeding during heel puncture in full term healthy newborn.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied 200 healthy full term newborns (100 cases and 100 controls), proposing the puncture to mothers during breastfeeding, and explaining to them all the advantages of this practice. Pain assessment was evaluated by DAN scale (Douleur Aigue Nouveau ne scale).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The difference in score of pain according to the DAN scale was significant in the two groups of patients (p = 0.000); the medium score was 5.15 for controls and 2.65 for cases (newborns sampled during breastfeeding).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results confirmed the evidence of analgesic effect of breastfeeding during heel puncture. This procedure could easily be adopted routinely in maternity wards.</p
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What can inactivity (in its various forms) reveal about affective states in non-human animals? A review
Captive/domestic animals are often described as inactive, with the implicit or explicit implication that this high level of inactivity is a welfare problem. Conversely, not being inactive enough may also indicate or cause poor welfare. In humans, too much inactivity can certainly be associated with either negative or positive affective states. In non-human animals, however, the affective states associated with elevated or suppressed levels of inactivity are still not well understood.
Part of the complexity is due to the fact that there are many different forms of inactivity, each likely associated with very different affective states. This paper has two aims. One is to identify specific forms of inactivity that can be used as indicators of specific affective states in animals. The other is to identify issues that need to be resolved before we could validly use the remaining, not yet validated forms of inactivity as indicators of affective state.
We briefly discuss how inactivity is defined and assessed in the literature, and then how inactivity in its various forms relates to affective (either negative or positive) states in animals, basing our reasoning on linguistic reports of affective states collected from humans displaying inactivity phenotypically similar to that displayed by animals in similar situations, and, when possible, on pharmacological validation. Specific forms of inactivity expressed in response to perceived threats (freezing, tonic immobility, and hiding) appear to be, to date, the best-validated indicators of specific affective states in animals. We also identify a number of specific forms of inactivity likely to reflect either negative (associated with ill-heath, boredom-like, and depression-like conditions), or positive states (e.g. ‘sun-basking’, post-consummatory inactivity), although further research is warranted before we could use those forms as indicators of the affective states. We further discuss the relationship between increased inactivity and affective states by presenting misleading situations likely to yield wrong conclusions. We conclude that more attention should be paid to inactivity in animal welfare studies: specific forms of inactivity identified in this paper are, or have the potential to be, useful indicators of affective (welfare) states in animals
El diseño como emergente de los conflictos y relaciones entre el arte y la técnica
As a result of the industrial revolution, the machine replaces the human hand in manufacturing, this process is strongly criticized from various areas, one of them, the quality of the objects produced, the search for solutions aimed at solving this problem generates the debate on the industry-art relationship. Design emerges from this meeting, and with it, a series of reflections on the relationship between design, technique and art. This writing covers some historical discourses of Design regarding this relationship, including the ideas of important theorists such as Porset, Maldonado, Bonsiepe, Margolin and Buchanan. The writing concludes with a theoretical proposal that seeks, through some conceptual models, to bring to the contemporary this process of emergence between conflicts and relationships with art and technique, as well as showing how this journey defines the interdisciplinary relationship that Design establishes with these and other fields.A raíz de la revolución industrial, la máquina sustituye a la mano humana en la manufactura, este proceso es fuertemente criticado desde diversos ámbitos, uno de ellos, la calidad de los objetos producidos, la búsqueda de soluciones orientadas a la solución de este problema genera el debate sobre la relación industria-arte. De este encuentro emerge el Diseño, y con él, una serie de reflexiones sobre la relación diseño, técnica, arte. El presente escrito recorre algunos discursos históricos del Diseño respecto a esta relación, se incluyen las ideas de teóricos importantes como Porset, Maldonado, Bonsiepe, Margolin y Buchanan. El escrito concluye con una propuesta teórica que busca, a través de algunos modelos conceptuales, traer a lo contemporáneo este proceso de emergencia entre conflictos y relaciones con el arte y la técnica además de evidenciar cómo este recorrido define la relación interdisciplinaria que el Diseño establece con estos y otros campos.Como resultado da revolução industrial, a máquina substitui a mão humana na manufatura, este processo é fortemente criticado por várias áreas, uma delas, a qualidade dos objetos produzidos, a busca de soluções voltadas para a solução deste problema gera o debate sobre a relação indústria-arte. O design surge deste encontro e, com ele, uma série de reflexões sobre a relação entre design, técnica e arte. Este escrito abrange alguns discursos históricos do Design a respeito dessa relação, incluindo as ideias de importantes teóricos como Porset, Maldonado, Bonsiepe, Margolin e Buchanan. O texto conclui com uma proposta teórica que busca, por meio de alguns modelos conceituais, trazer para a contemporaneidade esse processo de emergência entre conflitos e relações com a arte e a técnica, bem como mostrar como esse percurso define a relação interdisciplinar que o Design estabelece com estas e outros campos
Trop-2 induces tumor growth through AKT and determines sensitivity to AKT inhibitors
Purpose: Inhibition of AKT is a key target area for personalized
cancer medicine. However, predictive markers of response to AKT
inhibitors are lacking. Correspondingly, the AKT-dependent
chain of command for tumor growth, which will mediate Akt-dependent
therapeutic responses, remains unclear.
Experimental Design: Proteomic profiling was utilized to
identify nodal hubs of the Trop-2 cancer growth–driving network.
Kinase-specific inhibitors were used to dissect Trop-2–dependent
from Trop-2–independent pathways. In vitro assays, in vivo preclinical
models, and case series of primary human breast cancers
were utilized to define the mechanisms of Trop-2–driven growth
and the mode of action of Trop-2–predicted AKT inhibitors.
Results: Trop-2 and AKT expression was shown to be
tightly coordinated in human breast cancers, with virtual
overlap with AKT activation profiles at T308 and S473,
consistent with functional interaction in vivo. AKT allosteric
inhibitors were shown to only block the growth of Trop-2–
expressing tumor cells, both in vitro and in preclinical models,
being ineffective on Trop-2–null cells. Consistently, AKTtargeted
siRNA only impacted on Trop-2–expressing cells.
Lentiviral downregulation of endogenous Trop-2 abolished
tumor response to AKT blockade, indicating Trop-2 as a
mandatory activator of AKT.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the expression of Trop-
2 is a stringent predictor of tumor response toAKT inhibitors. They
also support the identification of target-activatory pathways, as
efficient predictors of response in precision cancer therapy