La situación de las mujeres en la obra Kim Ji-young, Nacida en 1982

The purpose of this paper is to address the situation of women narrated by the South Korean author Cho Nam-joo in her work Kim Ji-young, born 1982, in order to identify the main labor, family and social problems of women, as well as the pending challenges to ensure the protection and effective enjoyment of their rights in the 21st century. The review of Cho Nam-joo’s work will allow us to understand the importance of the study of law and literature in order to identify different lines of reflection in legal matters and the relevance of promoting research and lines of action in the field of law and gender.El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo abordar la situación de la mujer narra la autora surcoreana Cho Nam-joo en su obra Kim Ji-young, nacida en 1982, a efecto de identificar la principal problemática laboral, familiar y social de las mujeres, así como los retos pendientes para garantizar la protección y efectivo goce de los derechos de las mujeres en el siglo XXI. La revisión de la obra de Cho Nam-joo permitirá vislumbrar la importancia que adquiere el estudio del Derecho y Literatura con la finalidad de identificar distintas líneas de reflexión en materia jurídica y la relevancia que adquiere el fomentar investigaciones y líneas de acción en materia de derecho y género

United Mexican States and Canada

DOI: 10.5102/rdi.v18i3.7878Analisa a cláusula de caducidade incluída no Acordo entre os Estados Unidos da América, os Estados Unidos Mexicanos e o Canadá. Argumenta que a cláusula de caducidade oferecerá fortes incentivos para a diplomacia orientada para o poder e que isso provavelmente afetará a solução de controvérsias do USMCA, interpretações autênticas e esforços para diversificar os fluxos comerciais

Debates actuales de los Derechos Humanos

Prólogo / Fabiola Sánchez Velázquez y Reynaldo A. Vázquez Ramírez (pp. 7-8). -- Introducción / Fabiola Sánchez Velázquez y Reynaldo A. Vázquez Ramírez (pp. 9-10). -- I. Historia filosófica crítica de los Derechos Humanos / Miguel Eduardo Morales Lizárraga (pp. 14-40). -- II. Interdependencia e indivisibilidad entre los Derechos Humanos a un medio ambiente sano y a la salud / Marisol Anglés Hernández (pp. 41-66).-- III. Transición energética y Derechos Humanos: el caso de las organizaciones internacionales americanas / Xiomara Lorena Romero Pérez (pp. 67-103). -- IV. La exposición de detenidos ante los medios de comunicación, su relación con la presunción de inocencia y el Derecho a la información / Alma Medellín Luque (pp. 104-135). -- V. Evolución de los Derechos Humanos de las mujeres indígenas en México / Sol Ceh Moo (pp. 136-159). -- VI. Patrimonio cultural de los pueblos originarios en México y el Derecho Humano a la consulta / Patricia Basurto Gálvez (pp. 160-200). -- VII. El margen de apreciación nacional en la protección de los derechos de los indígenas en América Latina / Yvonne Georgina Tovar Silva (pp. 201-225). -- VIII. Los derechos políticos de los pueblos indígenas ante la justicia electoral mexicana / Reynaldo A. Vázquez Ramírez (pp. 226-251)

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London