Football, alcohol and domestic abuse

We study the role of alcohol and emotions in explaining the dynamics in domestic abuse following major football games. We match confidential and uniquely detailed individual call data from Greater Manchester with the timing of football matches over a period of eight years to estimate the effect on domestic abuse. We first observe a 5% decrease in incidents during the 2-hour duration of the game suggesting a substitution effect of football and domestic abuse. However, following the initial decrease, after the game, domestic abuse starts increasing and peaks about ten hours after the game, leading to a positive cumulative effect. We find that all increases are driven by perpetrators that had consumed alcohol, and when games were played before 7pm. Unexpected game results are not found to have a significant effect

Clearance and persistence of Escherichia coli in the freshwater mussel Unio mancus

The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant bacteria, mainly from the Enterobacterales group, with high pathogenic/zoonotic potentials that can lead to problems in public health. The increasing presence in freshwater ecosystems highlights the need to evaluate potential sentinel species as risk indicators for both ecosystem and human health. The freshwater mussels provide several ecosystem services, may represent potential sentinel species due to their ability to filter water and retain both organic and inorganic particles. We tested the capability of U. mancus to retain Escherichia coli as a model bacterial organism. Under experimental conditions, the mussels could clear suspended E. coli, facilitating its rapid elimination from water within the first 24 h after exposure. The species also presented a maximum retention time of 4 days. We also provide allometric equations correlating the filtering capacity with the length and the weight of mussel body parts often used in biometric studies. We provide a first assessment of the potential of the bivalve Unio mancus to act as a sentinel species for the detection of Enterobacterales and demonstrate the ability to act as a water cleaner.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluación comparativa de 19 modelos de estimación de irradiancia difusa sobre planos inclinados dependiendo del tipo de cielo estándar ISO/CIE

CIES2020 - XVII Congresso Ibérico e XIII Congresso Ibero-americano de Energia SolarRESUMEN: En este trabajo se han evaluado 19 modelos de estimación de irradiancia difusa sobre el plano inclinado, que incluyen tanto modelos isotrópicos o pseudoisotrópicos como modelos anisotrópicos. Dicha evaluación se ha llevado a cabo a partir una serie de 5396 observaciones de irradiancia global, difusa y directa realizadas entre julio y diciembre de 2018 en la estación radiométrica de la Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA). El estado del cielo correspondiente a cada observación se ha caracterizado de acuerdo con el CIE Standard General Sky propuesto en la norma ISO 15469:2004(E)/CIE S 011/E:2003. Para esta clasificación se han utilizado las medidas de distribución angular de luminancia y radiancia proporcionadas por un escáner de cielo ubicado en la propia estación de la UPNA. De tal manera que, para cada combinación de orientación e inclinación del plano, se ha evaluado la bondad de los distintos modelos de acuerdo con los 15 tipos de cielo estándar propuestos por la norma ISO/CIE. Los resultados revelan que el modelo de Perez et al. 2 presenta los mejores resultados globales, así como en 5 de los 15 tipos de cielo ISO/CIE.ABSTRACT: A total of 19 models for estimating diffuse irradiance on the inclined plane have been evaluated in this work, which include both isotropic or pseudoisotropic models and anisotropic models. This evaluation has been carried out from a series of 5,396 measurements of global, diffuse and direct irradiance carried out between July and December 2018 at the radiometric station of the Public University of Navarra (UPNA). The sky conditions corresponding to each observation has been characterized according to the CIE Standard General Sky proposed in the standard ISO 15469:2004(E)/CIE S 011/E:2003. For this classification, the angular distribution of luminance and radiance measurements provided by a sky scanner located at the UPNA station have been used. In such a way that, for each combination of plane’s orientation and inclination, the goodness of the different models has been evaluated in accordance with the 15 standard sky types proposed by the ISO/CIE standard. The results reveal that the Perez et al. 2 model shows the best overall results and for 5 of the 15 ISO/CIE standard sky types.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Marcadores SSR y EST-SSR aplicados al análisis del genoma de especies silvestres del genero Arachis, y el anfiploide sintético [(A. Correntina x A. Cardenasii) x A. Batizocoi] 4x

Ponencia presentada en XXVIII Jornada Nacional del Maní. General Cabrera, Córdoba, Argentina, 19 de septiembre de 2013Numerosas especies vegetales cultivadas son, desde el punto de vista genético, poliploides naturales. Esta condición presenta tanto ventajas como desventajas, entre éstas, la ocurrencia del aislamiento reproductivo con respecto a los progenitores lo cual, sumado al proceso de domesticación y selección de genotipos superiores de interés productivo, repercute sobre la variabilidad genética. Tal es el caso de los cultivares de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.), que presentan entre otros problemas, alta susceptibilidad a enfermedades y plagas que afectan al rendimiento del cultivo. La sección Arachis, una de las nueve dentro del género Arachis, incluye al 40% de las especies silvestres, y constituyen un reservorio de genes de resistencia. En esta sección, las especies diploides silvestres (2n=20, x=10 y 2n=18, x=9), presentan genomas diferentes denominados A, B, D, F y K, en tanto que, A. hypogaea y A. montícola son las únicas tetraploides, cultivada y silvestre respectivamente. Esta diferencia en los niveles de ploidía e incompatibilidad genómica, dificulta la transferencia de genes de resistencia al maní cultivado, siendo una estrategia posible, la obtención de un anfiploide sintético con 40 cromosomas, a partir de un híbrido diploide. Mediante trabajos de hibridación y retrocruzas, junto a técnicas biotecnológicas, se pueden obtener variedades de maní con atributos deseables, en menor tiempo y costo. Los marcadores moleculares de tipo microsatélites genómicos ─SSRs─ y de secuencias expresadas ─EST-SSRs─, entre otros, permiten asistir la tarea del mejorador, mediante la caracterización genómica de los materiales sintéticos con respecto a sus progenitores, incrementando así la eficiencia y predictibilidad de los resultados. A partir de librerías genómicas tanto de A. hypogaea (genoma AA-BB) como de otras pertenecientes a tribus o secciones relacionadas a Arachis, se han desarrollado cientos de marcadores basados en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) que permiten identificar los genomas propuestos para las especies del género. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar mediante marcadores SSR y EST-SSR, el genoma de especies silvestres de maní y su permanencia en el híbrido [(A. correntina x A. cardenasii) x A. batizocoi] y en el anfiploide derivado [(A. correntina x A. cardenasii) x A. batizocoi]4x.Fil: Torres, Laura Ester. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Costero, Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Teich, Ingrid. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Cátedra de Estadística y Biometría; Argentina.Fil: Teich, Ingrid. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina.Fil: Taborda, Ricardo Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Cisneros, M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Franceschini, L. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: De Blas, F. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Soave, S. J. Criadero El Carmen; Argentina.Fil: Buteler, M. I. Criadero El Carmen; Argentina.Fil: Faustinelli, P. C. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Faustinelli, P. C. Criadero El Carmen; Argentina

Genus Paracoccidioides: Species Recognition and Biogeographic Aspects

Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (species S1, PS2, PS3), and Paracoccidioides lutzii. This work aimed to differentiate species within the genus Paracoccidioides, without applying multilocus sequencing, as well as to obtain knowledge of the possible speciation processes. Methodology/Principal Findings: Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis on GP43, ARF and PRP8 intein genes successfully distinguished isolates into four different species. Morphological evaluation indicated that elongated conidia were observed exclusively in P. lutzii isolates, while all other species (S1, PS2 and PS3) were indistinguishable. To evaluate the biogeographic events that led to the current geographic distribution of Paracoccidioides species and their sister species, Nested Clade and Likelihood Analysis of Geographic Range Evolution (LAGRANGE) analyses were applied. The radiation of Paracoccidioides started in northwest South America, around 11–32 million years ago, as calculated on the basis of ARF substitution rate, in the BEAST program. Vicariance was responsible for the divergence among S1, PS2 and P. lutzii and a recent dispersal generated the PS3 species, restricted to Colombia. Taking into account the ancestral areas revealed by the LAGRANGE analysis and the major geographic distribution of L. loboi in the Amazon basin, a region strongly affected by the Andes uplift and marine incursions in the Cenozoic era, we also speculate about the effect of these geological events on the vicariance between Paracoccidioides and L. loboi. Conclusions/Significance: The use of at least 3 SNPs, but not morphological criteria, as markers allows us to distinguish among the four cryptic species of the genus Paracoccidioides. The work also presents a biogeographic study speculating on how these species might have diverged in South America, thus contributing to elucidating evolutionary aspects of the genus Paracoccidioides

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Human Fungal Pathogens Causing Paracoccidioidomycosis

Paracoccidioides is a fungal pathogen and the cause of paracoccidioidomycosis, a health-threatening human systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America. Infection by Paracoccidioides, a dimorphic fungus in the order Onygenales, is coupled with a thermally regulated transition from a soil-dwelling filamentous form to a yeast-like pathogenic form. To better understand the genetic basis of growth and pathogenicity in Paracoccidioides, we sequenced the genomes of two strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb03 and Pb18) and one strain of Paracoccidioides lutzii (Pb01). These genomes range in size from 29.1 Mb to 32.9 Mb and encode 7,610 to 8,130 genes. To enable genetic studies, we mapped 94% of the P. brasiliensis Pb18 assembly onto five chromosomes. We characterized gene family content across Onygenales and related fungi, and within Paracoccidioides we found expansions of the fungal-specific kinase family FunK1. Additionally, the Onygenales have lost many genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and fewer genes involved in protein metabolism, resulting in a higher ratio of proteases to carbohydrate active enzymes in the Onygenales than their relatives. To determine if gene content correlated with growth on different substrates, we screened the non-pathogenic onygenale Uncinocarpus reesii, which has orthologs for 91% of Paracoccidioides metabolic genes, for growth on 190 carbon sources. U. reesii showed growth on a limited range of carbohydrates, primarily basic plant sugars and cell wall components; this suggests that Onygenales, including dimorphic fungi, can degrade cellulosic plant material in the soil. In addition, U. reesii grew on gelatin and a wide range of dipeptides and amino acids, indicating a preference for proteinaceous growth substrates over carbohydrates, which may enable these fungi to also degrade animal biomass. These capabilities for degrading plant and animal substrates suggest a duality in lifestyle that could enable pathogenic species of Onygenales to transfer from soil to animal hosts.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services (contract HHSN266200400001C)National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services(contract HHSN2722009000018C)Brazil. National Council for Scientific and Technological Developmen

Intracellular expression of Tat alters mitochondrial functions in T cells: a potential mechanism to understand mitochondrial damage during HIV-1 replication

HIV-1 replication results in mitochondrial damage that is enhanced during antiretroviral therapy (ART). The onset of HIV-1 replication is regulated by viral protein Tat, a 101-residue protein codified by two exons that elongates viral transcripts. Although the first exon of Tat (aa 1–72) forms itself an active protein, the presence of the second exon (aa 73–101) results in a more competent transcriptional protein with additional functions. Results: Mitochondrial overall functions were analyzed in Jurkat cells stably expressing full-length Tat (Tat101) or one-exon Tat (Tat72). Representative results were confirmed in PBLs transiently expressing Tat101 and in HIV-infected Jurkat cells. The intracellular expression of Tat101 induced the deregulation of metabolism and cytoskeletal proteins which remodeled the function and distribution of mitochondria. Tat101 reduced the transcription of the mtDNA, resulting in low ATP production. The total amount of mitochondria increased likely to counteract their functional impairment. These effects were enhanced when Tat second exon was expressed. Conclusions: Intracellular Tat altered mtDNA transcription, mitochondrial content and distribution in CD4+ T cells. The importance of Tat second exon in non-transcriptional functions was confirmed. Tat101 may be responsible for mitochondrial dysfunctions found in HIV-1 infected patients.We greatly appreciate the secretarial assistance of Mrs Olga Palao. This work was supported by FIPSE (360924/10), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2010-18388), Spanish Ministry of Health (EC11- 285), AIDS Network ISCIII-RETIC (RD12/0017/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FIS PI12/00506). The work of Sara Rodríguez-Mora is supported by a fellowship of Sara Borrell from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (2013). The work of María Rosa López-Huertas is supported by a fellowship of the European Union Programme Health 2009 (CHAARM).S

A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable amazon network

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network (Rede Amazônia Sustentável, RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far