Social support, self-esteem and subjective wellbeing in schoolchildren: The case of Mexico and Argentina

Se analiza si la autoestima media la relación entre apoyo social y bienestar subjetivo en niños deeducación básica que se encuentran en condición de vulnerabilidad social por situación de precariedad económica, en el que se realizaron dos estudios. El primero, evalúa estas variables enniños mexicanos y el segundo explora si esta asociación se da en la misma dirección en el caso deniños argentinos. La muestra total está conformada por 207 escolares, 96 niños y 111 niñas, conun rango de edad de 11 a 15 años (M= 11.93, DT= .97) todos de escuelas públicas de educaciónbásica. Los participantes del grupo 1 son 100 niños mexicanos de ambos sexos, el grupo 2 son107 participantes (46 niños y 61 niñas) de la ciudad de Mendoza Argentina. Aplicándose escalasde: autoestima, apoyo social familiar, afectividad positiva-negativa y de satisfacción con la vida.La asociación entre las variables fue significativa excepto la afectividad negativa, al igual que losmodelos de regresión. Se comprueba parcialmente el modelo de trayectorias propuesto. Se sugierecontinuar verificando el modelo, y considerar la inclusión de variables contextuales como el ambiente familiar, y académicas para explicar los factores que contribuyen en el bienestar infantil.Self-esteem, social support and subjective well-being are relevant variables in Positive Psychology because they are closely related to the optimal functioning of individuals. However, there is still little research that analyzes these variables together and there are no references to this in the case of children in a situation of psychosocial vulnerability. So the objective is to analyze if self-esteem mediates the relationship between social support and subjective well-being. With a cross-sectional design, two studies were carried out, the first of them, evaluates the relationship of these variables in a sample of Mexican children. The second one explores if this association occurs in the same direction in the case of Argentine children. The total sample consists of 207 schoolchildren of which 96 are boys and 111 are girls, with an age range from 11 to 15 years (M = 11.93, SD = .97) all of them from public schools of basic education. The participants of group 1 are 100 Mexican children of both sexes equally represented, and in the group 2, 107 children participate (46 boys and 61 girls) residing in the city of Mendoza, Argentina. Applying the scales of: self-esteem, family social support, positive-negative affectivity, satisfaction with life and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, simple linear regression analysis and a path model were tested. The association between the variables was significant except the negative affectivity, as well as the regression models. The proposed initial model was partially verified, both in group 1 and group 2. The findings suggest to continue verifying the model, as well as considering the inclusion of contextual variables such as the family environment, and academic ones that explain the factors that contribute to the well-being of children.Fil: González Arratia López Fuentes, Norma Ivonne. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; MéxicoFil: Torres Muñoz, Marta Adelina. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; MéxicoFil: Morelato, Gabriela Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentin

Bienestar y familia, una mirada desde la psicología positiva

Este libro está dirigido a estudiantes y profesionales en psicología y áreas afines, como enfermería, trabajo social o educación, y a los interesados en personalidad positiva. Cada capítulo se presenta de manera sencilla y con una estructura didáctica, pero sin perder rigor científico y calidad de la revisión, con el fin de facilitar el acceso a la información sobre bienestar individual, familiar y social de una forma accesible para adentrarnos al estudio de temas de psicología positiva. Dadas las temáticas, se consideró pertinente dividir este libro en dos secciones: I. Psicología positiva y bienestar. II. Bienestar individual y familiar.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México y Ediciones y Gráficos Eón, S.A. de C.V

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care