Mejora del consumo energético y la eficiencia en las plantas concentradoras de ácidos de la empresa EXSA S.A.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad mejorar el consumo de energía eléctrica y la eficiencia en los procesos, ubicados en las plantas concentradoras de ácidos en la Empresa química de explosivos, Exsa S.A. En el trabajo de estudio se analiza el comportamiento de los principales indicadores energéticos y su relación con la demanda actual de producción de la empresa. El cual comprende de una fase inicial que identifica de manera global la estructura energética de la empresa, a nivel de gestión y administración de la energía, detectando el mayor consumo de energía eléctrica en el área de producción de Nitroglicerina, la cual comprende de dos plantas concentradoras de ácidos, y de éstos que son de mayor relevancia está abocado, éste trabajo. En el trabajo de mejora de procesos, utilizamos herramientas de la calidad a través del ciclo de mejora continua de Deming, donde se seleccionó el problema que era el de mayor consumo de energía eléctrica, ubicado en las torres de absorción de gases, pertenecientes a las plantas concentradoras de ácidos. Se sub dividió los problemas, analizando la causa raíz de cada uno de ellos, detectando el sobredimensionamiento de la torre de absorción de gases, la deficiencia de su proceso por no llevar un control de parámetros estandarizados y flexibles, según carga; así como, también el uso de un motor estándar de baja eficiencia, generando pérdidas por energía consumida; luego de analizar y evaluar la situación energética de cada uno de estos problemas, se plantearon soluciones de oportunidad de mejora, elaborados a partir de los resultados, que conducen a la reducción de los costos energéticos. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos tenemos un ahorro de 93 915,6 KW anuales por la aplicación de un variador de frecuencia, que controle el poder de la torre de absorción de gases, la reducción de costos de energía por cambios de parámetros se dio llevando un control de carga variable, facilitado por la instalación de un variador de frecuencia, aplicando la relación existente con las reglas de eficiencia energética y la dependencia de éstas con la presión y temperatura del compresor como equipo rotatorio, se obtuvo un control del consumo en base a la producción requerida, generando un ahorro de 61 200 KW anuales; y el ahorro por la instalación de un motor Premium de alta eficiencia, fue por la reducción de pérdidas por energía consumida que equivale a un 8,8% de ahorro representado en 99 856,8 KW anuales. Adicionalmente a esto se aplicaron garantías para mantener el proceso, obteniendo beneficios de ahorro por mantenimiento, disponibilidad y confiabilidad de equipos, aún no cuantificados. También se realizó un análisis del ahorro, en cada problema específico y de cómo repercute éstos en los costos de producción en la Planta de ácidos y a nivel global, en Planta de nitroglicerina. Si bien es cierto el proyecto es especifico, la metodología utilizada para encontrar la solución al problema, es replicable ya que involucra una serie de criterios, utilizable para un proyecto que busca generar ahorro de consumo de energía.ABSTRACT The present work aims to improve power consumption and efficiency in processes, located in the concentrator plants of acids in the chemical explosives, Exsa S.A. company. The Studio work analyzes the behavior of the main energy indicators and their relationship with the current demand for the company's production. Which includes an initial phase that identifies in a comprehensive manner the energy of the company, management structure and energy management, detecting increased consumption of electrical energy in the area of production of nitroglycerin, which comprises of two concentrator plants of acids, and these which are of greater relevance is doomed, this work. Quality tools we use in the process improvement work, through the continuous improvement cycle of Deming, was selected where the problem which was the greater consumption of electrical energy, located in the towers of gas absorption, belonging to the concentrator plants of acids. Is sub divided the problems, analyzing the cause root of each one of them, detecting the oversizing of the Tower of gas absorption, deficiency of its process for failing a standardized and flexible parameters depending on load control; as well as, also the use of a standard engine of low efficiency, creating losses of energy consumed; After analyzing and evaluating the energy of each of these problems situation, raised solutions of opportunity for improvement, elaborated from the results, which lead to the reduction of energy costs. Within the results obtained have 93 915,6 annual KW savings by application of a frequency inverter, that controls the power of the Tower of gas absorption, reducing costs of energy by changes of parameters was carrying a variable load control, facilitated by the installation of a frequency inverter, applying the existing relationship with the energy efficiency rules and with pressure and temperature dependence of the compressor as Rotary equipment, obtained control of consumption based on the required production, generating savings of 61 200 annual KW; and saving by the installation of a Premium high-efficiency engine, was by reducing losses by energy consumed is equivalent to 8.8% represented in 99 856,8 annual KW savings. In addition to this guarantees were applied to keep the process, obtaining benefits of savings for maintenance, availability and reliability of equipment, not yet quantified; also analysis a saving, on each specific problem and how it affects these costs of production plant acids and globally, on ground of nitroglycerin. If is true the project is specific, the methodology used to find a solution to the problem, is replicable since it involves a series of criteria, can be used for a project that seeks to generate savings of energy consumption

Hábitos de estudio en pandemia para mejorar el rendimiento académico en el área de matemática de la U.E. Ismael Pérez Pazmiño, cantón Naranjito – Ecuador, 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito fundamental; Desarrollar hábitos de estudios en pandemia para la mejora del rendimiento académico en el área de matemática de la U.E. Ismael Pérez Pazmiño, cantón Naranjito – Ecuador, 2021. La metodología tuvo un tipo de estudio aplicado, con enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño pre experimental; además, su población estuvo constituida por 70 educandos de 3ro bachillerato de la jornada vespertina, dividido en dos cursos, cada uno constaba de 35 escolares; asimismo, la técnica que se empleó fue la encuesta, con un instrumento denominado Inventario de Hábitos de estudios de Luis Vicuña CASM-85. Los resultados evidenciaron que en el objetivo general obtuvo un valor de la prueba T-Student t= 13.599 y un sig.= ,000 donde se demuestra que se acepta la hipótesis de investigación y se rechaza la hipótesis nula es decir, los hábitos de estudios en pandemia si influye significativamente en la mejora del rendimiento académico en el área de matemáticas. Los datos en las dimensiones: 1. Forma de estudiar t=-2.962 y sig. ,002; 2. Resolución de tareas t= -6.735 y sig. ,000; 3. Preparación de exámenes t= -4,522 sig. ,000; 4. Forma de escuchar la clase y acompañamiento t= -5.265 sig. ,000

La flexibilización de la oferta académica mejora la calidad del aprendizaje

La oferta de un producto académico de calidad, busca nuevas alternativas y estrategias, con técnicas, métodos y modelos de enseñanza aprendizaje actualizados, para el fortalecimiento de la autoridad académica.  Una de tantas causas del fracaso académico es la elevada carga y saturación de trabajo en el estudiante, debidas a la falta de opciones y a la rigidez del sistema universitario en el caso latinoamericano, y también debido al número y a la dificultad de las materias en cada semestre.  La flexibilidad de la oferta académica es una cualidad que se expresa en la forma de operar el plan de estudios, de tal manera que tenga acceso el mayor número posible de personas. Es una alternativa mejorada del sistema universitario, operado en la modalidad de créditos, que le permite al estudiante elegir y planear, por período, su propia carga académica, según sus capacidades y necesidades, así: actividades extra-académicas, necesidades laborales, estudios en el exterior, períodos de práctica, etc.; con un modelo organizativo mucho más abierto y dinámico, con un campo de acción dentro de unas limitantes más amplias, de acuerdo con las necesidades contemporáneas de los clientes del servicio de educación

Glyphosate displacement from New Zealand soils and its effect on non-target organisms : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Agricultural Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Figures 2.1 & 2.2 were removed for copyright reasons but correspond to Zhan et al., 2018 Figs 1 & 3.Glyphosate (GlyP) is the most commonly used herbicide worldwide; it is retained in the soil and is decomposed by soil microorganisms. The main degradation product of GlyP is Aminomethyl-phosphonic acid (AMPA). Phosphorus and GlyP are antagonistic anions that compete for the soil’s reaction sites; P accumulation in the soil can increase GlyP translocation through the environment and increase its bioavailability. Residual GlyP and AMPA accumulation in the soil has generated concerns about their potential toxicity to non-target organisms such as crops and soil microorganisms. GlyP in situ remediation has therefore emerged as an option to reduce the residence time of the herbicide in soil. Laboratory experiments were carried out in order to elucidate the effect of the interaction between soil chemical and physical properties, and phosphorus addition on GlyP sorption to soil surfaces. The results of the GlyP-AMPA batch adsorption- desorption experiment demostrated that the Kd and fixation of GlyP and AMPA in the soil was proportional to the Al-Fe oxy-hydroxides content of the soil, in the following order Allophanic>Brown>Pallic. In another experiment, phosphorus addition to soil reduced GlyP adsorption, which demonstrated that phosphate will occupy the same soil reaction sites as GlyP. These results suggest that due to the stability of the bond formed between Al oxy-hydroxides and P, Al oxy-hydroxides will fix GlyP; while the higher reactivity of Fe oxy-hydroxides will facilitate the exchange of phosphate by GlyP. A column leaching experiment demonstrated that the interaction between the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil will influence water infiltration and solubilisation of GlyP. Phosphorus addition to the columns enhanced GlyP’s vertical displacement through the soil and AMPA detection in the leachate. The Pallic soil with a poor physical structure had reduced GlyP vertical displacement. In contrast, the free- drained Brown soil had higher AMPA percolation regardless of the P addition. The Allophanic soil had the lowest GlyP percolation risks, despite the fact that P addition increased AMPA detection at the bottom of the column. However, AMPA was undetected in the Allophanic soil’s leachate. A soil induced respiration (SIR) experiment demonstrated that GlyP (variable doses) did not affect soil microorganism respiration, while Agave amendments were used as an exogenous source of carbon and triggered soil respiration (Agave applied had 0.382 mg TC/g soil and control C applied was 1.25 mg C/g soil). The SIR ratio values observed in the soils were as follows Allophanic>Pallic>Brown, and were inversely proportional to the total dissolved carbon concentration in soil extracts. These results demonstrate that the greater Al- Fe oxy-hydroxide content of the Allophanic soil protected organic matter from mineralisation enabling greater microbial activity over the GlyP molecule. The P adsorption-desorption experiment using Agave powder demonstrated that Agave constituents desorbed phosphorus from soil surfaces, which might help in the desaturation of P from soil, while increasing its bioavailability. Glasshouse experiments using Roundup doses and Agave amendment applied to the soil of white clover potted plants were carried out in order to elucidate the potential for GlyP degradation in soil and the biochemical responses of white clover plants. The results demonstrated that Agave amendment attenuated the translocation of GlyP to white clover shoots for a Roundup dose of 90 kg a.i./ha. The chemical constituents of Agave, 12 hrs after GlyP application to the soil, enhanced GlyP degradation to AMPA in soil at the 15 kg GlyP treatment. A similar improved GlyP degradation was observed during three days of evaluation at the 7.5 kg dose. The biochemical responses of white clover shoots demonstrated an increase of gallic acid and tartaric acid accumulation proportional to the increasing Roundup doses. This suggested that Roundup alone, and in combination with Agave amendments, exerted oxidative stress on the plants. Alternatively, the herbicide could have affected the EPSPS enzyme disrupting the carbon cycle. These results demonstrate that the white clover metabolic disruption caused by the Roundup treatments of 7.5 and 15 kg/ha, expressed through tartaric acid and gallic acid, was alleviated at the third day of evaluation. The results of this thesis can support decision-making for the implementation of strategies which could mitigate glyphosate and AMPA displacement from New Zealand farmland; as example, it may encourage the prevention of phosphorus accumulation in the farmland. In addition, these results can encourage the development of further research related to the potential use of Agave amendments for glyphosate remediation, and help in the understanding of the effects of the herbicide on the metabolism of non-target organisms

Nivel nutricional en el rendimiento escolar en el área de matemática de niños de 5 años del nivel Inicial en la Institución Francisco Lizarzaburu- Porvenir.

Este proyecto de investigación se centra en el estudio de una comparación entre el nivel nutricional y el rendimiento escolar de niños de 5 años del nivel inicial de la Institución Educativa Francisco Lizarzaburu el porvenir. El resultado de esta investigación pretende contribuir a la mejora del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del aula de 5 años, pero tomando en cuenta como base el nivel nutricional de cada estudiante, para esto se pedirá el apoyo de Qualiwarma, así mismo de otras empresas y por supuesto de sus padres. Se propone hacer análisis de hemoglobina, peso, talla de todos los integrantes de la muestra y hacer un seguimiento minucioso para poder llegar a obtener resultados positivos

A writing process model based on professional experience

El propósito del siguiente trabajo es ofrecer algunas visiones profundas sobre el proceso de escritura y proponer un modelo que pueda ser utilizado por cualquier estudiante o escritor que lo necesite. Como metodología para elaborar el presente, se utilizó la investigación documental para recabar información teórica; además, se aportó con el conocimiento empírico adquirido a lo largo de años de enseñanza y estudio en el campo educativo. Los resultados de este trabajo presentan como propuesta para lectores y redactores un modelo del proceso de escritura, el cual consta de etapas que no son ni limitadas ni rígidas por sí mismas, es decir, son flexibles en su orden, inclusión y repetición de uso de acuerdo con las necesidades. Adicionalmente, los resultados de este trabajo revelan que el proceso de composición es un enfoque que debe considerarse en el proceso formativo de estudiantes de diferentes niveles.The purpose of the following work is to offer some insights into the writing process and to propose a model that can be used by any student or writer that needs it. As for the methodology to prepare the present work, documental research was used to collect theoretical information; in addition, contribution was made with the empirical knowledge acquired in the educational field throughout years of teaching and studying. Results of this work present as a proposal for readers and writers a writing process, consisting of stages which are neither limited nor rigid themselves, to put it another way, they are flexible, inclusive, and repetitive of use according to necessities. Additionally, results of this work reveal that the composing process is an approach that should be considered in the formative process of students at different levels

Caracterización de tetraploides y formación de híbridos triploides en tomate de cáscara

RESUMEN El tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) es de los cultivos hortícolas más importantes de México, aunque presenta rendimientos bajos, debido a que su autoincompatibilidad impide la formación de líneas puras e híbridos. La formación de poliploides sobresalientes de tomatillo es una alternativa para aumentar rendimientos y calidad de fruto. En este trabajo se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0.01) entre diploides y tetraploides para RTF, NF, PPF, DPF, DEF, FIR, SST, pH y VC. Los híbridos triploides, 2Tx13D y 11Tx21D mostraron heterosis y heterobeltiosis en todas las variables estudiadas. En rendimiento, el triploide 2Tx13D superó en 178.24% al 2T y 19.66% al 13D, el 11Tx21D superó en 145.76% y 0.39% al tetraploide y diploide, respectivamente. ABSTRACT The tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) is of major horticultural crops of Mexico, although it has low yields because your self-incompatibility prevents the formation of pure lines and hybrids. The polyploids formation outstanding of tomatillo, are an alternative to increase yields and fruit quality. In this work, was showed significant differences (p<0.01) between diploid and tetraploid in RTF, NF, PPF, DPF, DEF, FIR, TSS, pH and VC. Triploid hybrids 11Tx21D and 2Tx13D they showed heterosis and heterobeltiosis in all the variables studied. In yield, the triploid hybrid, 2Tx13D exceeded in 178.24% and 19.66% to parents 2T and 13D, meanwhile the hybrid 11Tx21D exceeded to the diploid and tetraploid in 0.39% and 145.76% respectively

Therapeutic management of the odontogenic keratocyst. An energetic approach with a conservative perspective and review of the current therapeutic options

Odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) are cystic lesions appearing in the jaws, usually asymptomatic with a progressive growth into the bone. Many of them are diagnosed by a routine radiological examination. This study reports a 12-year-old girl that presented an asymptomatic large radiolucent unilocular lesion associated to the crown of 3.8 that caused displacement of the molar and the inferior alveolar canal. Differential diagnosis included OKC, unicystic ameloblastoma, ameloblastic fibroma, dentigerous cyst and orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst. Two surgical interventions were performed; first, a marsupialization, and 10 months after, the third molar extraction plus cyst enucleation, mucosa excision and the application of Carnoy?s solution. The anatomopathological exam confirmed diagnosis of OKC. There was no evidence of recurrence after 2 years of follow-up. Marsupialization followed by surgical enucleation with mucosa excision and Carnoy?s solution can help manage treatment of OKC, a lesion characterized by an aggressive behavior

Therapeutic management of the odontogenic keratocyst. An energetic approach with a conservative perspective and review of the current therapeutic options

Background: Odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) are cystic lesions appearing in the jaws, usually asymptomatic with a progressive growth into the bone. Many of them are diagnosed by a routine radiological examination. Material and methods: This study reports a 12-year-old girl that presented an asymptomatic large radiolucent unilocular lesion associated to the crown of 3.8 that caused displacement of the molar and the inferior alveolar canal. Differential diagnosis included OKC, unicystic ameloblastoma, ameloblastic fibroma, dentigerous cyst and orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst. Two surgical interventions were performed; first, a marsupialization, and 10 months after, the third molar extraction plus cyst enucleation, mucosa excision and the application of Carnoy's solution. Results: The anatomopathological exam confirmed diagnosis of OKC. There was no evidence of recurrence after 2 years of follow-up. Conclusions: Marsupialization followed by surgical enucleation with mucosa excision and Carnoy's solution can help manage treatment of OKC, a lesion characterized by an aggressive behavior