35 research outputs found
Equilibrium roughening transition in a 1D modified sine-Gordon model
We present a modified version of the one-dimensional sine-Gordon that
exhibits a thermodynamic, roughening phase transition, in analogy with the 2D
usual sine-Gordon model. The model is suited to study the crystalline growth
over an impenetrable substrate and to describe the wetting transition of a
liquid that forms layers. We use the transfer integral technique to write down
the pseudo-Schr\"odinger equation for the model, which allows to obtain some
analytical insight, and to compute numerically the free energy from the exact
transfer operator. We compare the results with Monte Carlo simulations of the
model, finding a perfect agreement between both procedures. We thus establish
that the model shows a phase transition between a low temperature flat phase
and a high temperature rough one. The fact that the model is one dimensional
and that it has a true phase transition makes it an ideal framework for further
studies of roughening phase transitions.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Super-roughening as a disorder-dominated flat phase
We study the phenomenon of super-roughening found on surfaces growing on
disordered substrates. We consider a one-dimensional version of the problem for
which the pure, ordered model exhibits a roughening phase transition. Extensive
numerical simulations combined with analytical approximations indicate that
super-roughening is a regime of asymptotically flat surfaces with non-trivial,
rough short-scale features arising from the competition between surface tension
and disorder. Based on this evidence and on previous simulations of the
two-dimensional Random sine-Gordon model [Sanchez et al., Phys. Rev. E 62, 3219
(2000)], we argue that this scenario is general and explains equally well the
hitherto poorly understood two-dimensional case.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Europhysics Letter
Mechanisms Behind the Generalized Synchronization Conditions
A universal mechanism underlying generalized synchronization conditions in
unidirectionally coupled stochastic oscillators is considered. The
consideration is carried out in the framework of a modified system with
additional dissipation. The approach developed is illustrated with model
examples. The conclusion is reached that two types of the behavior of nonlinear
dynamic systems known as generalized synchronization and noise-induced
synchronization, which are viewed as different phenomena, actually represent a
unique type of the synchronous behavior of stochastic oscillators and are
caused by the same mechanism.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Nucleofection induces non-specific changes in the metabolic activity of transfected cells
Transfection has become an everyday technique widely used for functional studies in living cells. The choice of the particular transfection method is usually determined by its efficiency and toxicity, and possible functional consequences specific to the method used are normally overlooked. We describe here that nucleofection, a method increasingly used because of its convenience and high efficiency, increases the metabolic rate of some cancer cells, which can be misleading when used as a measure of proliferation. Moreover, nucleofection can alter the subcellular expression pattern of the transfected protein. These undesired effects are independent of the transfected nucleic acid, but depend on the particular cell line used. Therefore, the interpretation of functional data using this technology requires further controls and caution
Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection induces an exacerbated inflammation driven by innate immunity components. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the defense against viral infections, for instance plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), have the capacity to produce vast amounts of interferon-alpha (IFN-α). In COVID-19 there is a deficit in DC numbers and IFN-α production, which has been associated with disease severity. In this work, we described that in addition to the DC deficiency, several DC activation and homing markers were altered in acute COVID-19 patients, which were associated with multiple inflammatory markers. Remarkably, previously hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients remained with decreased numbers of CD1c+ myeloid DCs and pDCs seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the expression of DC markers such as CD86 and CD4 were only restored in previously nonhospitalized patients, while no restoration of integrin β7 and indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO) levels were observed. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunological sequelae of COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2 viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs is not an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome
The aim was to assess the ability of nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load at first patient’s hospital evaluation to predict unfavorable outcomes. We conducted a prospective cohort study including 321 adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 through RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs. Quantitative Synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA cycle threshold values were used to calculate the viral load in log10 copies/mL. Disease severity at the end of follow up was categorized into mild, moderate, and severe. Primary endpoint was a composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or death (n = 85, 26.4%). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load over the second quartile (≥ 7.35 log10 copies/mL, p = 0.003) and second tertile (≥ 8.27 log10 copies/mL, p = 0.01) were associated to unfavorable outcome in the unadjusted logistic regression analysis. However, in the final multivariable analysis, viral load was not independently associated with an unfavorable outcome. Five predictors were independently associated with increased odds of ICU admission and/or death: age ≥ 70 years, SpO2, neutrophils > 7.5 × 103/µL, lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 300 U/L, and C-reactive protein ≥ 100 mg/L. In summary, nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load on admission is generally high in patients with COVID-19, regardless of illness severity, but it cannot be used as an independent predictor of unfavorable clinical outcome
Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU
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Iron-modified carbon paste electrodes and their application as sensors in As(V) detection
La detección electroquímica de arsénico(V) fue
evaluada en un electrodo de pasta de carbón
modificado con partículas de hidro(óxidos) de
hierro en medio electrolítico de NaNO3. El polvo
de grafito modificado se preparó fácilmente
utilizando el método “slurry”. El material resultante
fue caracterizado mediante la determinación de su
distribución de carga superficial y punto de carga
cero, distribución de pKa’s de los grupos funcionales
superficiales, área superficial y distribución de
tamaño del poro mediante la ecuación de Brunauer-
Emmett-Teller (BET) y la identificación de las formas
cristalinas de los compuestos de hidro(óxidos) de
hierro por difracción de rayos X. Adicionalmente,
se encontró que el material modificado exhibió una
buena capacidad de remoción de As(V), incluso en
el medio electrolítico. Para la detección de As(V),
se utilizó la técnica de voltamperometría de pulso
diferencial, para la cual se aplicó un potencial de
reducción/acumulación de -1.10 V(vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl
(sat.) por 180 segundos a pH 2.5. La caracterización
fisicoquímica de los materiales modificados y
el análisis electroquímico, permitió proponer
un mecanismo de reducción de As(V) sobre la
superficie del electrodo. El límite de detección (LOD) de As(V) alcanzado fue de 19.40 μg/L, por lo cual
este electrodo podría ser potencialmente aplicado
como sensor en la detección de este contaminante
en muestras de aguaThe electrochemical detection of arsenic (V)
[As(V)] was evaluated on a carbon paste electrode
modified with iron hydro(oxide) particles in the
presence of NaNO3 salt used as electrolytic media
in the experiments. The modified graphite powder
was easily prepared using the slurry method.
The resulting material was examined by surface
charge and pKa’s distribution, point of zero charge,
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and
pore size distribution, potentiometric titration and
X-ray diffraction. Adsorption experiments with the
modified materials exhibited good As(V) removal
capacity even in the presence of electrolytic media.
For the As(V) detection, differential pulse voltammetry
technique was used by the application of reduction
potential of -1.10 V for 180 s at pH 2.5. The detailed
physicochemical characterization of modified
materials and electrochemical analysis allowed to
propose a reduction mechanism of As(V) on the
electrode surface. Detection limit of 10 μg/L can be
achieved for As(V), therefore this electrode could
potentially be applied as a sensor for the detection of
this pollutant in water sample
Experience on Series Production of the Superconducting Magnet Package for the Linear Accelerator of the European XFEL
Abstract—The procurement of 103 superconducting magnetpackages is part of the Spanish in-kind contribution to theEuropean X-FEL. Each package consists of a main superferricquadrupole and two steerers, vertical and horizontal, fed byconduction-cooled current leads and enclosed in a stainless steelvessel. The operation temperature is 2 K, as they are embeddedin a superfluid helium bath. The magnetic and mechanicaldesigns are published elsewhere. The magnets are beingproduced in the Spanish company ANTEC, while the vessels arefabricated by another Spanish company, Trinos Vacuum-Projects, which is also responsible for the integration, under thesupervision of CIEMAT. The helium vessel manufacturer needsto accomplish the requirements given by the European PressureEquipment Directive, namely PED 97/23/EC. This paperdescribes the series fabrication techniques, the production followup,the quality assurance and the magnet testing at themanufacturer site. Cold tests are realized at DESY premises. Themain problems found during the fabrication of the first half ofthe series are also reported: a) the reproducibility of thequadrupole coil dimensions; b) the accuracy of the beam positionmonitor housing after final welding of the vessel; and c) theminimization of the magnetization effects on the transfer functionof the magnets
Development and testing of a double length pets for the CLIC experimental area
CLIC (compact linear collider) is a future e þ e collider based on normal-conducting technology, currently under study at CERN. Its design is based on a novel two-beam acceleration scheme. The main beam gets RF power extracted from a drive beam through power extraction and transfer structures (PETS). The technical feasibility of CLIC is currently being proved by its Third Test Facility (CTF3) which includes the CLIC experimental area (CLEX). Two Double Length CLIC PETS will be installed in CLEX to validate their performance with beam. This paper is focused on the engineering design, fabrication and validation of this PETS fi rst prototype. The design consists of eight identical bars, separated by radial slots in which damping material is located to absorb transverse wake fi elds, and two compact couplers placed at both ends of the bars to extract the generated power. The PETS bars are housed inside a vacuum tank designed to make the PETS as compact as possible. Several joint techniques such as vacuum brazing, electron beam and arc welding were used to complete the assembly. Finally, several tests such as dimensional control and leak testing were carried out to validate design and fabrication methods. In addition, RF measurements at low power were made to study frequency tunin